Henry G. Yagoda, upoko o te NKVD: haurongo

ko Genrikh Yagoda o nga tangata Commissar o Taiwhenua o te USSR i 1934-1936 gg. riro ia tetahi o te "taketake matua" o he Kemi o Stalin, me te kaiwhakahaere o nga repressions papatipu o te wā. I roto i te wehi nui, ko ia i roto i te patunga o te NKVD. i te whakapanga Berry o te tutei, me te whakaaro i te tukipoto me pae hopea koperea.

tau wawe

haere mai Genrikh Yagoda i Polish Hurai. Tona ingoa tūturu - Enoka Gershevich Yehuda. whanau Revolutionary ko Whiringa 19, 1891 i roto i te Rybinsk - he pa kei roto i te kawanatanga Yaroslavl. Just he marama torutoru i muri i te whanautanga o te tamaiti oho te whānau ki Nizhny Novgorod.

i pā Henry G. Berry ki tetahi atu Bolshevik pai-mohiotia - Yakov Sverdlov, haere mai ki tona whanaunga tuarua. Ratou matua mahi nga ngā pūreretā me nga pane ariki me hiri e tahae whakamahia i tapehatanga. rima tuahine me rua teina a Heinrich. noho tona utuafare i roto i te rawakore. Otiia, i te tamaiti (i muri i tētahi atu nekehanga) puta i Simbirsk hākinakina.

Ko te Berries tā - mua Sverdlov kua tino rerekē ërä. Hei tauira, ki te haina ake Nikolay Semashko - Commissar hauora heke mai o Lenin. Ko hoki Nizhny Novgorod te wāhi o Maksima Gorkogo (ka ratou hoa ki a Henry i runga i te mahana o te revolution).

"Owl"

Te hui matua, i muri nei radically ke te ora o te tamaiti, ko te kohuru o tona tuakana Michael. I roto i tenei tikanga, i rite ki Lenin Henry G. Berry. taumanutia Michael Cossacks i roto i te revolution 1905. Ko te whiu pouri tatari atu teina, Leo. ka e ia te karanga i roto i te ope o Kolchak, a i roto i 1919 i mahi i hoki whai wāhi i roto i te whakatikanga ake i roto i tona wiki. Otiia ko reira te mate o Mikaera, tupono ki runga i te parepare i hanga o Henry hou.

Whakatipu ake, Berry rite anarchist-Kominiusi ka whai wāhi i roto i te mahi hou ture. ka karanga huuhuu Royal ia "Sychom" me "Lonely" (ki te ahua fakahoha'asi me kiripiro o).

I roto i te 1911, tae te tahae i roto i Moscow. I runga i nga tohutohu o nga hoa i ia ki te whakatū i ngā hoapā ki rohe iwi rite-whakaaro, me te āwhina i roto i te faanahonahoraa o te pahua pēke. Ngawari i roto i te e whakatakotoria, hinga Commissar o te tangata heke mai o Taiwhenua o te USSR, ki nga ringa o te pirihimana. I roto i te tikanga, i waimarie ia. mana'o nei au kitea te tangata taitamariki tuhinga teka anake. Ka rite ki te Hurai, kitea e ia ia i waho te whakaaetanga o Moscow, ka whawhati te ture o te kōtea o Whakataunga. i tamata Berry, ka whiua ki te rua tau o te whakahekenga atu i roto i Simbirsk.

I roto i te St. Petersburg

I te tau 1913, i whakaatu he murunga tōrangapū whānui i roto i te honore o te tau 300th o te whare Romanov i Russia. Ngā mihi ki a ia, he iti mua o Berry kitea ia i haere noa. Hono ki Simbirsk mutu a kua oho ture pāhoro ki St Petersburg. Hoki tenei, whakarerea e ōkawa ia nga Hurai, ka tahuri ki he 'Ofotokisií (kōtea o Whakataunga whakahaeretia e te pūtake motu confessional, nui atu i).

kahore ki te mahi Henry G. Berry me karakia i. Otiia, kia rite ki te ture a ia kahore e tika ki te waiho i te takafí me anake na haere ana ki te uma o te Ekalesia Siu.

I roto i te St. Petersburg, tutaki Berry Nikolai Podvoisky, i muri i te revolution, ka commissar o nga ope patu o te iwi tuatahi. Ngā mihi ki tona āwhina orurehau anga ki te mahi i roto i te tari inihua i te wheketere Putilov. Ko hoki Podvoisky teina-KGB Arbuzov me hita: whakatuwheratia e ia tona akonga o, he ao hou katoa o taea.

I roto i te 1915, i tuhia Henry G. Berry ki te ope emepaea, a ka haere ki te mua o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. whakatika ia ki te ana'iraa o te kāpara, engari, i werohia ia, a ka hohoro tukua. I roto i te 1916, ka hoki Henry ki mua.

Revolution me te Cheka

I muri mahi te Hui-tanguru Revolution Berry i te niupepa "taiwhenua rawakore" me "a pono Soldier." I roto i te raumati o 1917, piri ia te Party Bolshevik. I muri ka takoto ia, e honoa ratou hoki i roto i 1907, engari i ta tenei e rangahau kōrero pakimaero.

I te wa o nga ngā Oketopa ko Berry i te matotoru o te mea i roto i mua. I roto i te 1918, ka timata ia tona mahi i roto i te Cheka-OGPU. Tuatahi, ko te āpiha haumarutanga mahi i roto i te tirohanga hōia. Na ka whakawhiti a ia he whanaunga Sverdlov ko Dzerzhinsky ki Moscow.

Na ko Henry G. Berry i te Wāhanga Motuhake. Ko ia rawa tata ki Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. A, no te mate ia, Dzerzhinsky, ahu te whakamutunga te Cheka-OGPU, Yagoda ka meinga tona tuarua. Ano, ki te tīmatanga o te mate tino kaipiki waimarie puta ki te whakahaere tūturu o pokapū uruhi ture.

moni pāhekeheke

Ahakoa i roto i te 1919-1920. Kua mahi Berry i te Commissariat o Foreign Trade. He pumau ia he mahi tahi pai ki rangatira haumaru Aleksandrom maimoa, ka anga ki te whiwhi i te kōmihana i te ātetenga ke. ka tango atu nga tangata e rua katoa takoto i kino. Ko te meka e o te tangata Commissariat o Foreign Trade mai tona turanga he whanaunga tata ki te Cheka. raupatutia mana haumaru tūmatanui taonga, me hoko i te ti'amâraa Lurie o atawhai ki waho mo te moni pakeke.

Henry G. Yagoda, tona biography korero o reira rite te tangata apo, me te apo hohonu, i roto i tenei tikanga, ko mārika i rerekē i te parau tumu o Dzerzhinsky me Menzhinsky. pai i te pirau Chekist Stalin. A, no te i te tahuri o te-doma 20-30. whawhai mo te mana anake, i haina ia i te tautoko o hua. E kore tetahi e kore te tahi atu ngaro. hoatu Berry reira ki runga ki te tangata iku ka he tonotono, a mohio Stalin e pā ana ki Berries ingoa tinihanga e inaianei taea ki te tāwai, tono e mateakí.

Tumuaki me Commissar

Ahakoa te ngākau nui ki te rangatira Soviet tuarua, whakauaua taea te huaina pai ratou hononga. I roto i te mutunga o nga 1920, ko te tikanga Stalin rawa matao ki Berry, rite whakaratohia Tuhinga ki Yakov Sverdlov, a i waenganui o Sverdlov ko Stalin noa ki waho mai ite te wa o te turukhanskoy tohutoro he mānukanuka kite. Pepa ki te āpiha haumarutanga nui tuhia ki te tūpato, ki te kore e wehi.

He raruraru nui mo te hua i muri i te whakatūnga o te tonotono Stalinist ko tona kaume'a tawhito ki Bukharin. Ia ara whakahuatia te matenga o te GPU rite te āpiha haumarutanga kotahi, ka taea e koe te tatau i runga i roto i te pakanga ki a Stalin. I te wa ano tuutuu ngā Berry i te mahi o whakahau, itoito me te whanonga pai ki te mahi i te tetahi o ana hoia kaitiaki hara. kitea Stalin atu tangata rite hihiri me te whakahaere i roto i te NKVD tau i te torutoru noa. tahuri te reira i roto i ki Nikolai Yezhov. Otiia i roto i te tīmatanga o te thirties Stalin tika tukua Berry me hanga mahi ki a ia.

o te iwi Commissar o Taiwhenua

hapa Berry mōhiotanga, Menzhinsky me whiwhita Dzerzhinsky. Ia kotahi tano fakamatala'i ia rite "he Tipene i runga i te mekameka." I roto i te kamupene o hoa i roto i ringihanga taimaha aroha ia ineptly taki rotarota, engari hapa ia te taranata auaha. haurangi pukapuka Private Berries i expressionless me te maroke. I roto i te pane, i rorirori ia, ka hae tonu kau taki porowini rōpū i roto i te oro atu me ngāwari. Ko te mea ïa te tangata taua mo te ia hoatu Stalin tirotiro rangatira haumaru puta noa i te whenua.

I roto i te 1934, riro hoki Commissariat o te NKVD o te tangata hou, me o nga tangata Commissar o Taiwhenua o te USSR Berry i hanga mana o te matua Haumarutanga State. arahina ia mīhini kāwanatanga repressive atu tupuria e te faaineine ra Stalin he pakanga hou ki hoariri o tona tikanga.

I roto i tona kaha hou mahi Berry i te hanga me te whakahaere o te mahi o te he Kemi. Ko te Soviet Union mo te wā poto hipoki te whatunga o puni, i meinga nei e te tuhaa faufaa o te pūnaha ōhanga Stalinist me tetahi o nga engines o ahumahi whakatere. I raro i te kaiārahi tika o o nga People Commissar whakahaere he whare he Kemi nui o taua wa - te hanga o te White moana-Paratiki Canal. Hei whakatika i tētahi tirohanga wä o ngā whanaketanga whakaritea Berry te haerenga ki Maksima Gorkogo. E te ara, wāhi o te tangata Commissar o te kaituhi ki te hoki ki te Soviet Union (i mua ia noho i runga i te motu Italian o Capri mo te maha nga tau).

Berries i runga i tenei hononga ki pito awheawhe o kaituhi. Ka rite ki te upoko o te pirihimana tōrangapū, tino aru ia te taiva ore o pūkenga auaha ki te mana. I tua atu, ko Ida Berry L. Auerbach tana wahine. Ko tona teina Leopold tetahi o te tino whakapuakina o fakaangá me kaituhi o tona wa. I Ida ko Henry i tetahi tama - hoki Henry (Garik ranei, rite i huaina ai i roto i te utuafare). whanau te tamaiti i roto i 1929. aroha o People Commissar te kamupene o kaituhi, kaiwaiata, me toi. inu ratou wairua pai, a korero ki nga wahine ataahua, ka i reira nga he ara o te ora, e pā ana ki i moe ai ia o te āpiha haumaru.

He ko i Berries me rahunga ngaio. Hei tauira, ko reira ia te tangata e tukua te upoko o mua o te pirihimana tsarist Lopuchin ki te haere ki France. riro ia te defector. I roto i te 20-30th stably tipu maha o papahoro. Stalin i tata te infuriating take katoa. riria ia hua mahue, ara, ki te kahore i riro i te tangata haereere tetahi matauranga motuhake, me te ko te hinengaro noa.

te huarahi o te ati

I roto i te 1935, riro Berry he taitara hou, e kua tika ana i mua i tangata. Na i mohiotia e ia kia rite ki te "Komihana General o Haumarutanga Public." Taua ko te haamaitairaa motuhake o te tohu motuhake o te manakohia a Stalin.

rangatira Soviet rite noa ake hiahia nga ratonga o te matenga devotee o te NKVD. I roto i te 1936 whakahaeretia Moscow te tukanga tuatahi. I tenei kaiwhakawa whakaatu tamataraa hoa tawhito o Stalin i roto i te Bolshevik rōpū o Zinoviev me Kamenev.

I raro i te press o tāmitanga hit me ētahi atu tahae, e i tetahi wa mahi tika ki Lenin me kihai i hāngai ki to ratou hamani ino hei mana mâro-. Ko tētahi o ēnei iwi ko Mikhail Tomsky. kihai ia i tatari mo te marae, me te mahi hoki i te whakamomori. Ko te nota whakahaua ki Stalin, tuku ia ki a Berry i te tikanga i no ia ano hoki ki te rōpū pato'iraa, i runga nei te wā, me te mahi i te tutu. Ko o People Commissar roto i te ati i te tahuti nei.

hopu

I roto i te hinga o 1936 riro Berry he vāhenga hou a ka matenga o o nga tangata Commissariat o Communications. I hiki te pupuhi whakamutunga i runga i te reira. kua meinga rikuri, he whanga faingata'a roa. Ahakoa titiro tango waho i te pou o te tangata Commissar o Taiwhenua, ka whakaritea ki tetahi atu pou rite me rite te wāhanga o te mahi angitu, ko reira whakauaua kore i taea e Berry matau te mea i haere mai. Otiia, kihai i ia e maia te paopao ki a whakaae Stalin ki te mahi hou.

o nga People Commissariat o Communications whakama noho KGB rangatira te moka. I te timatanga o 1937 kua ngaro taua mea me tenei pou. Ano, tutakina te taitaiā Commissar i ratou rarangi o te CPSU (b). I te Hui-tanguru Plenum o te Komiti Central, i whakahē nui ia mo te kore o tona tari.

Maehe 28, i hopukina Yagoda e tona ake kaiwhakahaere tata. Attack i runga i te kāwanatanga tangohia tiretiera inanahi arahina New People a Commissar o te NKVD Nikolay Ezhov. Enei e rua, i roto i te i te noa'tu o ona ake mauāhara, ka anga te hītori o tetahi o te maha o ngā tau. E ko Yezhov ko Yagoda nga perpetrators tūturu o nui-tauine tāmitanga Stalinist o nga 1930.

I roto i te rapu o te hononga Commissar tukunga kitea tuhinga Trotskyist tapuí. I maoro aru e te whakawakia o tutei, whakaaro te kōhurutanga o Stalin o whakamahere i te tahuritanga. Kua hono te tūhuratanga Berry ki Trotsky, Bukharin me Rykov - aua iwi ratou, nei e mauiui ana tata kaha te whakatairanga ia. Kua te wahi kua whakaahuatia rite te "Trotskyist-Fascist '. Na roto i te i honoa nga utu e hoa te koiora Berries - .. Hakopa Agranov Semyon Firin, Leonid Zakovsky Stanislav Redens Fedor Eyhmans, etc. katoa o ratou e te āhuatanga e te whakawakia rite te tangata ore, me te iti, whakahē mātauranga reira me mau ia vai Menzhinsky.

i tukua hoki Wife Berries tāmitanga. Ko te mea tuatahi i tonoa atu ia i mahi i roto i te tari o te rōia hāmene, a ka hopukina hei hoariri o te iwi o te melo o te utuafare. Auerbach haere me tana tama, a ka whakahekea tona whaea ki a Orenburg. Aita i maoro i koperea te wahine.

I tua atu, i whakatupato Berry ki te kohuru o Maksima Peshkova - tana tama Maksima Gorkogo (i roto i te meka mate ia o te kakā). puta kohuru e kiia e tika ana ki ngā take whaiaro. i tino Berry i te aroha ki a Hope Peshkov - pouaru o Maxim. whakawakia ano te kohuru te tino kaituhituhi o te kaituhi Soviet Petra Kryuchkova.

shooting

Berries mahi ko wahi o te tukanga whānui o te toru o nga Moscow (mana huaina te mea te tukanga o anti-Soviet "kimi huarahi o Tika me Trotskyites"). I tū tamataraa Public i roto i te puna o 1938. I haere tahi te reira e te pakanga whakatö kāwanatanga nui i roto i te pāpāho. whakaputaina nga niupepa tuwhera pukapuka ki te whānuitanga o ngā iwi tūmatanui, me te mau, i roto i nei i parani ratou tinihanga e whakahere ki te kopere "rite kuri haurangi" me pera i runga i. D.

ui Berry hoki (ka homai te tono i) ki te pātai o tona hononga ki Nadezhda Peshkova me te kohuru o Maksima Peshkova whakaaro i roto i te tukanga motuhake i te hui tūmataiti. nuitia wāhanga matua o te mahi torotoro, me te he i kōrero. ui Berry te kaiwhiu me te rōia hāmene Andrei Vyshinsky - te protagonist o te mau tamataraa Moscow.

March 13, 1938 kitea te hē i hara, ka whiua ia ki te mate. Pīkitai ki te ora, i tuhituhi Berry he petihana mō te atawhai. I kapea reira. Maehe 15 te mua o tangata Commissar o Taiwhenua o te pere. Rerekē te tahi atu defendants i te tukanga, e kore kua Berry i rehabilitated.