Ezhov Nikolay: haurongo me te whakaahua

Ka rite ki matau ana tatou i te aamu, te nuinga o te hunga ka tono ki a France te hanahana, me te hapu kingi ki te pororere i roto i te wehi nui i roto i te rau tau 18, i muri mai i mahi i ratou. He ko ara he kīanga hao, ua faaite e te Minita o te Ture Danton, ka mea ia, i mua poutoa ratou ia: "pau te revolution ona tamariki ake."

korerotia History ano i roto i te tau o te wehi o Stalin, ka kotahi patunga o inanahi te pene, te kaitiaki i taea e i roto i te moenga herehere taua ranei kia koperea kahore tamataraa, me te hunga i tonoa nei e ia ki o ratou mate.

Ko te tauira oraora ko Ezhov Nikolay - Commissar o Taiwhenua o te USSR. ui te tika o te whārangi maha o tona haurongo e kōrero, no te mea i reira he maha wahi pouri.

ngā mātua

E ai ki te pā, whanau Ezhov Nikolay i roto i 1895 i roto i St. Petersburg, i roto i te utuafare e mahi.

I te wa ano e whakapono reira e ko tona papa Ivan Commissar Yezhov, nei i whanau ki. Volhonschino (Tula kawanatanga) ka mahi mahi hōia i roto i Lithuania. I reira ka tutaki ia te kotiro rohe nei marenatia hohoro ia, a kihai faaoti ki hoki ki honau fonua tupu'angá. I muri Tuhinga Yezhov whānau oho ki Suvalki kawanatanga, a ka Ivan ki te pirihimana.

tamarikitanga

I te wa o te whanautanga o Koli ana matua pea noho i roto i te kainga i roto i Marijampole County (inaianei i roto i Lithuania). 3 tau i muri mai, i whakaritea papa o te tamaiti i kaitiaki o te mataeinaa Zemsky rohe tāone. Kua arahina tenei tūkunga ki te meka i oho te whānau i roto i Marijampole, te wahi disaccustomed kura tuatahi Kohl 3 tau.

Whakapono tana tama matua makona mātauranga i roto i te 1906 ka tonoa e ia ki te whanaunga i roto i St. Petersburg, te wahi i mahara ai ia ki te ako whakahāngai hokohoko.

tamarikitanga

Ahakoa tohu te haurongo o Nikolaya Ezhova i taua mahi ia tae noa ki 1911 i te wheketere Putilov hei mīhini pia. Heoi, e kore e tuhinga pūranga whakaū tenei. anake tatou i matau ai e i roto i te tau 1913, ka hoki te tangata taitama ki ona matua i roto i Suvalki kawanatanga, a ka atiutiu noa i roto i te rapu o te mahi. I roto i tenei take, no te tahi mau wa ia ara noho i roto i Tilsit (Germany).

I roto i te raumati o te tau 1915, Ezhov Nikolay haere he tüao ki te ope. I muri whakangungu i roto i te hokowhitu hōia 76th i tonoa ki te Front Te Tai Tokerau-Western.

E rua marama i muri mai, i muri i te mamae i te mate, me te pukapuka kino injuries, ka tonoa e ia ki te muri, a i roto i te tīmatanga o te raumati o 1916, Nikolai Yezhov, tona tupu ko 1 anake mita 51 cm, kua whakaaturia ere mō te whawhai. Hoki tenei take, i tonoa e ia ki te awheawhe muri i roto i Vitebsk, i haere ki nga kaitiaki me potae, me te karaka hohoro, rite te hoia tino mātau, i whakaritea.

I roto i te ngahuru 1917, ko Ezhov Nikolay i te hōhipera, ka hoki ki tona wae noa te timatanga o 1918, i tonoa atu e tika ana ki te mate mo te 6 marama. haere ano ia ki ana matua, ko wai i taua wa e noho ana i roto i te kawanatanga Tver. I roto i August o te taua tau timata Yezhov ki te mahi i te wheketere karaihe, i ko Vyshny Volochyok.

Tīmata i te umanga rōpū

Ko te pātai tonu e Yezhov i te tīmatanga o te 1920, ka mea ia i honoa e ia te RSDLP i Mei 1917. Otiia i muri i te ia ia ka anga ki te mea i meatia e ia i te reira i roto i Maehe 1917. I te wa ano, rite ki te tahi mau melo o te whakahaere pa Vitebsk o te RSDLP i roto i ona rarangi ka mau Yezhov 3 anake August.

I roto i te April 1919, i huaina e ia ki te mahi i roto i te Army Whero, a ka tono tangata ki te turanga radioformirovany i Saratov. I reira i mahi ia rite te tuatahi tūmataiti, a ka ki te whakahau o te kaituhituhi. I roto i Oketopa o te taua tau i whakaritea Ezhov Nikolay i Komihana turanga i reira i whakangungua tohunga irirangi, a ka whakaritea e ia te kōmihana o te turanga i roto i te puna 1921, a ka pōtitia matenga tuarua o te tari agitpropagandistskim Tatar Komiti rohe o te RCP.

I te Party mahi i roto i te pane

I roto i te Hōngongoi 1921, rēhita Ezhov Nikolay te faaipoiporaa ki Titov. I maoro i muri i te marena, ka haere te wahine marena hou ki Moscow me kua whakawhitia i reira, me tana tane.

I roto i te pane, ka timata Yezhov ki te neke hohoro i te mahi. I roto i te ngā, i te marama i muri mai i tonoa e ia ki a Mari rohe Komiti Party hei papa'i parau faatere.

I tua atu, kua puritia e ia nga tūranga rōpū e whai ake nei:

• papa'i parau faatere o te Komiti Porowini o Semipalatinsk;
• te upoko o te tari whakahaere o te komiti ā-rohe o te Kirghiz;
• papa'i parau faatere tuarua o te komiti ā-rohe Kazakskogo;
• orgraspredotdela orometua CC.

I roto i te whakaaro o te whakahaere, ko Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich te kaiwhakaari tino, engari i te drawback nui - e kore e taea e mutu, ara i roto i ngā āhuatanga i reira e taea te kahore mahi.

Ka mahi i roto i te Komiti Central tae noa ki 1929, pau ia i mahi 12 marama rite Tuarua People o Commissar o Ahuwhenua o te USSR, a ka hoki ki te orgraspredotdel ki upoko.

"Purea"

ko Orgraspredotdelom Nikolai Yezhov i tiaki tae noa ki 1934. Na ka tahuri ia ki te Komiti Central o te CPSU, i kawea i roto i "purea" o te rōpū, a ka pōtitia ia i tanguru 1935 tiamana o te Komiti Central CPC me te hekeretari.

Mai i 1934 ki te 1935 Yezhov mo o Stalin ahu te kōmihana o te Kremlin me te take o te tūhuratanga kohuru o Kirov. Ko ia te tangata e hono ratou ki ngā mahi Zinoviev, Trotsky ko Kamenev, mau whakatupu te ki Agranov ki te rangatira whakamutunga o te NKVD Yagoda.

whakarite hou

I roto i te Mahuru 1936, Stalin ko Zhdanov, , i tonoa nei i i taua wa i runga i faafaaearaa ki te whakapaipai o nga waea KarereHuna whakatutuki ki Molotov, Kaganovich me tahi atu mau melo o te Politburo. I roto i te reira ui ratou ki whakarite Yezhov ki te pou o te tangata Commissar o Taiwhenua, ka mahue ia ia rite te kawana Agranova.

O te akoranga, kawea te tikanga i roto i tonu, me i te timatanga o Oketopa 1936 hainatia Nikolay Ezhov te tikanga tuatahi mō te tona tari kia uru te pou.

Ezhov Nikolay - Commissar o People o Taiwhenua

Ka rite ki G. Berry, i rongo ia pokapū kāwanatanga haumaru me te pirihimana, me te ratonga turuki pēnei i te tiaki ahi, me te whakahaere rori.

I roto i tona tūranga hou whakaritea Nikolay Ezhov te tāmitanga ki tangata whakapae o mahi torotoro ranei anti-Soviet mahi, "whakapaia" i roto i te Party, nga hopukia papatipu, deportations o ngā rārangi pāpori, motu, me te pütahitanga.

I roto i ngā, i muri i te Maehe 1937 plenum o te Komiti Central whakaakona ia ki te mahi i nga mea i roto i te raupapa i roto i te NKVD, i hopukina i roto i te 2273 i te kaimahi o te ti'amâraa. I tua atu, ka anga reira ki heke i whakahau Yezhov NKVD, nga tinana i runga i te whenua, e tohu ana i te maha o tangata hārakiraki nei e ngohengohe ki te hopu, te mate, whakaraua ranei i roto i puni herehere, me te mahi.

I roto i enei "mahinga" i whakawhiwhia Yezhov te Order o Lenin. He he he maha o ana whakatutukitanga taea te pēnei ki te whakangaromanga o nga tahae kaitiaki tawhito nei i matau haurongo unsightly o maha rangatira runga hoki.

April 8, whakaritea 1938 Yezhov i wahi-wā o People Commissar o Water Transport, a rave rahi marama i muri mai ka mau te kawana tuatahi o te NKVD me te tino o te Haumarutanga State Lavrentiy Beriya.

whakama

I roto i te Noema 1938, te Politburo o te CP kōrero faahaparaa o Nikolaya Ezhova, i haina e te matenga o te Ivanovo NKVD. Tau mahana i muri tonG Commissar tona rīhainatanga, i mohio tona kawenga mo nga mahi auru huna o "hoariri", e pohehe tomo ia tari o te rōia hāmene me te NKVD.

Kite wawe i tona hopu tata, i roto i te pukapuka ki te rangatira o nga iwi i ui ia e kore e ki te pa ki tona "whitu tekau tau wahine-whaea" ka mutu tana reta na roto i te kī e ko ia "te pogroms hoariri nui."

I roto i te Hakihea 1938, "News" me "Pravda" whakaputaina he karere e Yezhov, rite ki tona tono, ka tonoa atu i te mau ohipa matenga NKVD, engari i mau te pou o te tangata Commissar o Water Transport. I muri ia e Lavrenty Peria, e timata tona mahi i roto i tona tūranga hou ki te hopukia o iwi tata ki Yezhov ki te NKVD, nga marae, me te tari o te rōia hāmene.

I te ra o te tau 15 o o V. I. Lenina mate, ko Yezhov hakari whakamutunga i te hui nui o te faufaa motu - te hui kawa i oti rawa ki tenei tau pouri. Otiia ka aru te hui, e mārama tohu e runga atu ara atu i te aroaro o ia, nga kapua huihuinga o te riri te rangatira o nga iwi - kore i pōtitia ia he māngai ki te XVIII Congress o te Communist Bolshevik Party.

hopu

I roto i te Aperira 1939, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich, ko tona haurongo ko te kōrero o te tangata mahi te wakarererangi whakaponohia ake ki tenei wāhi, tika tuite i haapiiraa tuatahi, i tangohia ki puritia. puta te hopu i roto i te tari o Malenkov, ki te whai wāhitanga o Peria, nei i whakaritea ki te arahi i te tūhuratanga ki tona take. Mai i reira i tonoa e ia ki te whare herehere Sukhanovskaya NKVD motuhake.

I muri i te 2 wiki, i tuhituhi Yezhov te tuhipoka, i uru ai te takatāpui. I muri mai i whakamahia ai rite te tohu i hanga e ia te ngau mahi fakasekisualé mō ngā take siokita, me te anti-Soviet.

Ko te nuinga, i hoatu ai ki a ia i roto i te he, i whakatakoto puku ana i te tukipoto me whakangungu kaiwhakatuma, e pai kia whakamahia ki te kawe i roto i patua i runga i te mau melo o te rōpū, me te kāwanatanga i runga i Noema 7 i te Square Whero, i roto i te whakakitenga o te iwi e mahi ana.

Rerenga me Executions

Nikolai Yezhov, he whakaahua o i te aroaro o te i roto i te tuhinga, ka whakakahore nga utu katoa, a huaina tona hape anake te kore o te itoito i roto i te "horoi" nga okana haumarutanga kāwanatanga.

I roto i tona kupu whakamutunga i te tamataraa, ka mea a Yezhov e i mea patu ia i roto i te tūhuratanga, ahakoa he reira 25 tau whawhai tika, ka ngaro nga hoariri o te iwi. I tua atu, ka mea ia e ki te hiahia ahau ki te hanga i te whawhai kaiwhakatuma ki tetahi o nga mema o o te kāwanatanga, kihai i whai ia ki te kimi tangata, i taea e tika ia te whakamahi i te tikanga tika.

Pepuere 3, 1940, i whiua a People mua Commissar ki te mate. ka mau te mahi wahi te ra e whai ake. E ai ki te whakaaturanga o te hunga e haere tahi ia ia i roto i te mau taime whakamutunga i mua i te pere, waiata ia "te Internationale". Ua tupu 'oi'oi Mate Nikolaya Ezhova. Hei whakangaro ara te mahara o hoa o mua, i whakaritea e te kaiārahi rōpū i runga i fakamomofí o tona tinana.

tirotiro tūpāpaku

Mō te whakamatautauranga o Yezhov me tona mahi e kore e korerotia. Ko te mea anake i kite te tangata noa te whenua o Sovietí, te reira te hoki o te ingoa o mua o te pa o Cherkessk, me te te ngaro o te mua o tangata Commissar o whakapakoko ki whakaahua rōpū.

I roto i te 1998, i kore i kitea Nikolai Yezhov ki kia rehabilitated e te Military Collegium o te Hupirimi Kooti. Ko te tohenga faahitihia te meka e whai ake nei:

• whakaritea Yezhov te raupapa o kohuru o tangata e kua riri ki a ia fakatāutaha;
• ka mau ia ki te ora o tana wahine, no te mea i taea e ia maka atu ana mahi ture, a meatia ana pai ki te hoatu i te reira i te hara mo te mahi o te whakamomori;
• rite ki te hua o ngā mahi kawea atu i roto i runga i te whakahau Nikolaya Ezhova, i hopukina ia neke atu i te hawhe te miriona tangata.

Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich: te aroha ora

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, koperea te wahine tuatahi ko Commissar Antonina Titova (1897-1988). whakarerea te tokorua i roto i te 1930, ka a kahore tamariki.

Ki te tana wahine tuarua - Eugene (Shulamith) Solomonovna - tutaki Yezhov i ka i marenatia tonu ia ki te takawaenga, me te kairīpoata Alekseem Gladunom. Ko te wahine taitamariki Ua hohoro whakarerea a ka waiho te wahine o functionary rōpū wā roa-.

rahua te reira ki te whakaputa i te tokorua i roto i te marama o ratou ake tamariki, engari kua whāngai ratou he pani. ko te ingoa o te kotiro Natalie, a i muri i te whakamomori o te whaea whāngai, i puta tata te aroaro o tona hopu me te mahi o Yezhov, mutu ia ake i roto i te whare pani.

Na e matau ana koutou ko wai a Nikolai Yezhov, tona haurongo ko rawa angamaheni o maha kaimahi o te taputapu kāwanatanga i roto i aua tau, Dorval ki te mana i roto i nga tau wawe o te USSR me oti te ora me te ratou patunga.