He aha te hinu masivesivá hokona i roto i Russia? Production me te hoko o te hinu

Oil Ko tetahi o nga momo o kaweake o ngā rauemi mata, e nui i roto i te ōhanga Russian me ao te wāhi nui i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga. He aha te hinu masivesivá hokona i roto i Russia?

mōhiohio hītori

Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata mohio iwi e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga hinu. I kohia te reira i te mata wai te mata whenua ranei. Otiia i whakamahia ai e kore e pera whānui. I roto i te rau tau 19, ka whakaaro te rama karahīni, kua nui haere te hiahia mō tenei rauemi raw tino. Ko reira ka e timata ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga o puna kōhao i roto i te hinu, me te hau ngā o kirinuku o te whenua. I muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te tono hiko kua heke i roto i te hinu.

Heoi, i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, ka hangaia ai e te pūkaha parariraa ā, i mahi rite te hiringa mo te whanaketanga o te ahumahi automotive. I te tīmatanga, ko te hoko o te motokā i taea e tona ringa te iwi taonga anake, engari ka waiho ratou e wātea ana ki tata wāhanga katoa o te taupori. I roto i tenei whakaaro, koi nui haere te hiahia mō ngā hua hinu. Ki tenei ra, ko te hinu, ko te hua tūturu tino, rite whakarato reira te taea o te kaupapa tangata i te whenua, hau te wai ranei.

production Oil i roto i Russia

I roto i Russia hou, kua kite matou i tetahi hua on i roto i te hanga te hinu mai i 2000, engari i roto i te 5 tau whakamutunga, kua pakanga te auau ki raro ahua, a tae noa hinga paku i roto i 2008.

Mai 2010, kua haere te hinu production mo te taumata o 500 miriona taranata ia tau. A ki tenei ra mau te reira i runga ake i tenei pae. Hoki e rua nga tau karapīpiti, ara 2009 me 2010, runga Russia tuatahi i roto i te hanga te hinu te ao. Otiia kua i roto i te 2011 te tuatahi i roto i te ahumahi, kua meinga Hauti Arapia.

Federation Russian - tetahi o nga kaiuru tino nui i roto i te ōhanga o te ao. Ko te wahi o Russian production hinu masivesivá i roto i te ao, ko te neke atu i te 12%. kawea ana he hinu kaweake i roto e rua i roto i Europa, me i te āhua o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa.

I roto i to tatou whenua, kawea ana he hinu production te roto e kamupene poutū ngātahi. Tapeke mahi 9 o hinonga nui. kawe ratou i te tangohanga o neke atu i te 90% o te hinu katoa i roto i te whenua. Waenga me te hinu iti kaihanga atu - i reira e pā ana ki 150. Ko te kamupene kāwanatanga "Gazprom" te mauria atu te hinu production o e pā ana ki 2.5% o ngā rauemi mata katoa, i te tūranga ārahi hoatu ki nga pakihi motuhake i roto i tenei mea.

He aha te mea te tikanga o te kōmitimiti poutū? Ki te whakaaro tatou te huringa katoa o te whakaputa hinu me te tukatuka o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te puka o te mekameka, ka ka kia integrated te uniana o enei hononga. Tukanga raupapa ko e whai ake:

• tūhura te hinu, he kōhao, mara whanaketanga hanganga;
• hinu tangohanga me te transportation o ngā rauemi raw whiwhi:
• hua hinu me ratou transportation;
• hoko o ngā hua hinu (hokohoko).

Tenei hangarau taea te hanganga ki te whakatutuki i te maha o ngā painga ki runga i ona whakataetae:

• supply whai o ngā rauemi mata, me te hokohoko o ngā hua hinu;
• tino whakaiti nga tūponotanga e pā ana ki ngā huringa i roto i te tikanga hokohoko;
• production papaitia.

Enterprise "Rosneft" me "Lukoil" Ko nga kau taki pū i roto i to tatou whenua, i roto i te hanga te hinu.

mōhiohio General i runga i te hinu masivesivá

Āhuatanga o te hinu tangohia nei i roto i te rerekē rohe makariri, he tino rerekē. Na roto i te whakamāramatanga, te hinu - hanganga Kaore wai hinuhinu he tae pango hohonu. Otiia e kore e he tonu tenei te take. Ko te tae o "koura mangu" he maha hurihurihanga - i kōwhai-parauri ki pango me te mārama.

He tāupe hoki te hanganga me te rewa pāmahana. He momo o e tā i roto i te tikanga raumati pēne waenganui, ētahi i noho wai noa i pāmahana tino iti.

I muri tangohia te te hinu i te puna, me kia kawea ai ki te pae tukatuka.

Na he aha te waitohu o te hinu hokona Russian me te nui reira he taua momo?

I roto i hua i to tatou whenua, me tāwāhi 7 ngā kōeke o te hinu, i roto i te ao o e reira he neke atu i te 20. Ko te momo kaweake matua ko te Urals. whakaritea te utu o ia ngā waitohu e te hekenga moni ranei i roto i te pā ana ki te kōeke tautohu. Te nuinga hoki tenei e o Brent, WTI, Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti anuanu.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te akiaki o utu mo Brent, i runga i te 3 tau mua te tino hinga reira i 120 ki te 38 tara ia oko. Ki te rā, e pupuri ana i tona utu a tawhio 40 tara.

Urals

Tenei momo kua te wahi nui i roto i tāwāhi o te hinu Russian - 55%.

puta Urals hinu i runga i te mākete ao i roto i te 70 '.

Tenei cultivar ki poke whanariki tiketike. Urals i hanga i roto i te transportation o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te paipa, "Transneft" hinonga i te mara kei roto i nga Urals, te rohe Täingäwai me Western Siberia.

kaweake hinu Urals roto i te supply o "Druzhba" paipa ki Europa. kaweake hoki i roto i ngā tauranga i roto i te Moana Baltic (UST-Luga ko Primorsk) ko Black (Novorossiysk) moana. Ko te tino iti te geography o deliveries, reira, e kore e taea e tenei momo te priori kia he tohu.

takoto Urals nui hekenga i roto i te 1% whanaunga ki Brent.

He aha te waitohu hokona hinu Russian, i roto i te tua ki te Urals?

Rebco

hanga te ingoa o te piha haapiiraa e ake o nga reta tuatahi o Russian Kaweake whakaranu anuanu Oil. Mau, te reira te taua mo Urals, tukua nei te mā te Primorsk. Faahitiraa o te utu i whakaritea e te hekenga o 1.3% i roto i te pā ana ki Brent. Hoko i runga i te Commodity Exchange i New York. share Kaweake i roto i te rōrahi katoa ko e pā ana ki te 25%.

SiberianLight

Ko reira he tohu o ngā rauemi marama.

Ko Production i roto i te Area motuhake Khanty-Mansi.

Kawea e te kamupene paipa "Transneft" te wahi e konatunatua ai ki Täingäwai me te hinu Ural, hua i roto i te Urals. Heoi, hoko anake i te hautanga iti o te hinu Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian te rite te waitohu motuhake. Te nuinga mahi i roto i te tauranga o Tuapse.

tautuhia Price Siberian Light hinu masivesivá e te 0.5% hekenga ki te utu Brent.

Sokol

hinu High Sakhalin ki te ihirangi whanariki iti. Ko raro atu Sokol te utu o Brent hinu masivesivá. takoto ana te utu e tāpiritanga o 7.5% ki te momo Dubai. kawea Production i roto i roto i te anga o te kaupapa nui-tauine "Sakhalin-1". Kaweake i roto i n. DeKastri i te i roto i Khabarovsk rohe.

Vityaz

Ko hoki waitohu o te hinu whakaputaina i roto i Russia i te motu o Sakhalin, rite Sokol. herea te utu o tenei ahua e ki te Dubai waitohu. Utu Vityaz hinu takoto ki Dubai moni kōeke o 6%. Kaweake i roto i n. Prigorodnoe rohe Sakhalin.

Espo

Russian ESPO ringarehe hinu masivesivá tata.

I pera te ingoa te momo no te mea kei te kawea ai e te taua ingoa ESPO paipa ( "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean" ranei «Te Tai Rāwhiti Siberia - Pacific Ocean»). Ko te tino te fafau mai te kaupapa o te hanga o tenei paipa rite tā reira te supply o "koura mangu" ki Haina me te rohe Ahia-Kiwa.

Tenei waitohu o te hinu whakaputaina i roto i Russia, ko te ranunga o ngā rauemi mata i ngā mara e te hunga i roto i te mahi kua. Ko te tawhiti pai ki te katoa kōeke Urals mohiotia tona kounga.

takoto ana te utu e tāpiritanga o 3.5% ki Dubai anuanu.

Arco

hua ana tēnei momo i roto i te Arctic i te mara "Prirazlomnoe", kei nei i roto i te Moana Pechora. Ko te kotahi anake o tona ahua i roto i te ao mara moutere, te wahi kawea te whanaketanga i roto i roto i te tawhiti 60-kiromita i te rohe takutai i runga i te turanga tū. Ki te papa tangohia hinu o runga i 70 miriona toni.

Ko raro atu i Arco te utu o Brent hinu masivesivá.

I runga i te rohe o to matou whenua hua maha ngā momo o te hinu. Heoi, 7 anake hoko ki Brent faufau. He aha te waitohu hokona hinu Russian i runga i te utu hokohoko ao? Ko te momo matua ko nga Urals kaweake me Rebco. hea ratou i roto i te kaweake o neke atu i te 2/3 o te rōrahi katoa. momo kaweake hoki Vityaz, Arco, Sokol, Siberian Light ko ESPO. Ko te fafau tino ko te momo ESPO hohoro taea e riro i te tohu no te mea kei te hanga ona deliveries i roto i te rohe o Āhia.