Hinu masivesivá i roto i te ao. Russian hinu waitohu

pa atu a atu pāpāho i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga i runga i ngā rauemi pūngao. No okotahi me te hinu. i hanga te utu o tenei momo o pūwaro rauemi raw te i runga i te tauhokohoko utu, me te tona momo rānei. Kei te āhuatanga hinu masivesivá i te hanganga matū me te wahi o te take, e kua he pānga hāngai i runga i to ratou uara.

mōhiohio whānui

Variety kōeke o te hinu ranei - te āhuatanga kounga o ngā rauemi mata, hanga o nei kawea i roto i runga i te mara taua, rere ke i nga ētahi atu i tona hanganga, me te taurite. puna hinu i rerekē tūturu anake ki a ia whakaritenga, a reira i reira ko he hiahia i roto i tona whakarōpū. Hei faaohie i te pūnaha o te kaweake, i hanga ai herenga i runga i te wehenga o te hinu marama, me te taimaha.

I roto i te ao tau hua neke atu i te 20 rama o maina. Hei tauira, te kaweake hinu masivesivá matua i roto i Russia - hinu Urals taimaha, me te marama Siberian Light, i te katoa 5 ngā momo hua. I roto i te Hononga o Amerika i reira e neke atu i te rama tatini. I roto i te tirohanga o taua kanorau kore e taea te hokona i runga i nga mākete ao katoa o ratou he. Na reira, i whakaritea te utu o ia waitohu te whanaunga ki te kōeke tautohu - British Brent hinu masivesivá, te US WTI me te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti anuanu.

whakaritea te uara o ia tohu e te hekenga hinu whanaunga moni ranei ki te tohu kōeke i runga i te kounga rauemi raw rānei. Hei tauira, ka hinu taimaha ki te ihirangi tiketike o poke, me te whanariki kia hoko hoki iti iho te taua Brent WTI ranei.

Āhuatanga o ngā rauemi raw

Ka rite ki te tikanga, whakaahuatia hinu te rite te pango wai hinuhinu, engari e kore e he pono i roto i te wā katoa i te whakamāramatanga taua. kia rerekē ngā tae i pango ki kōwhai me te mārama.

E hoki nga āhuatanga tino nui nga whakarea o pokey me rewa. kia tā ētahi hinu masivesivá i pāmahana iti, ētahi i noho wai i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere katoa. No te mea o taua kanorau o ngā āhuatanga i hanga wehenga herenga o ngā momo ki te marama, reo, me te taimaha.

I roto i te whakamahia whakauaua tenei kai puka parakore, pera ki te whiwhi hangarua he hinu hua hoko te. Ko te tika hautanga ki te mātotoru me te ihirangi whanariki me poke te tere me te kakama o te tukatuka i te rauemi raw.

Ko atu te utu momo marama no o ratou te tiki hua pērā i penehīni, diesel wahie, karahīni. whiwhi te hinu kora me te kai mo oumu o nga māka taimaha e kua whakamahia iti pinepine, na te utu o ratou i raro.

meka ngā

Tae noa 1973, ko te utu o "koura mangu" kore ake atu i te 3 tara. Kua nui haere te utu 4-puninga i muri i te kanga ki runga ki te kaweake o ngā rauemi mata i te whenua Arab. I te tuatahi i te 80 i roto i te raruraru i roto i te whenua Eastern o waenganui, hora te utu i waenganui i te 15 me te 35 tara.

i huaina Oil ki te ihirangi whanariki iti te "reka" me teitei - ". kawa" he taitara taua riro ia, no te mea i roto i te rau tau 19, kua tamata i te reira kamupene hinu. Ko te utu o te tukatuka hinu faufau kawa ko tino teitei ake i roto i te tukatuka o reka. Na reira, ko te tonu reka he utu.

He āhuatanga motuhake o te utu kararehe i roto i te New York ko e te utu faahiti tāra o ngā rauemi mata ia oko, me ngā hua i reira - i roto i sēniti ia kārani.

I roto i London, mahi reira International Petroleum Exchange, te wahi i roto i te ra hoko neke atu i 50,000 ananahi i ngā kōeke o te hinu faufau a Brent hinu.

E kawea tuku tinana o te hinu i roto i anake hoki te 1% o ananahi kirimana.

hinu masivesivá i roto i Russia

kaweake Tapeke i Russia 6 ngā kōeke o te hinu.

Urals whakaputaina i roto i te Khanty-Mansi motuhake District ko Tatarstan Republic. āhuatanga tēnei tohu e te ihirangi tiketike o pūhui whanariki, me te pūwaro taimaha. whakaritea te utu o Urals hinu e tona utu hoki Moana Te Tai Tokerau kōeke Brent. I rite tēnei kōeke mā te ranu i te hinu ki te Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian Täingäwai, no te mea o nei te kounga mamae. I roto i te tekau tau o mua, whakamātau ki te tutakina i te rauemi Urals Tatarstan. i hanga te utu o Urals hinu i runga i te utu koloa RTS.

whakaputaina Siberian marama i roto i te Area motuhake Khanty-Mansi. reira ko tata 3 ngā wā iti iho i te i roto i Urals te ihirangi whanariki.

tangohia Arctic Oil te i roto i te papa o te moana Pechora. Ko te Russian tuatahi tenei mara hinu, kei roto i te Arctic Ocean. Ko te āhuatanga o tenei tohu o te hinu Russian he kiato nui, me te ihirangi whanariki tiketike. tangohia Oil i roto i 60 km i te rohe takutai i te atamira whakaritea.

āhuatanga Sokol e te ihirangi iti o poke. Scout i runga i te moutere o Sakhalin. Kaweake mā te Harabov.

āhuatanga ESPO e hua kiato iti me te ihirangi whanariki iti te i roto i Eastern Siberia. Kei te kawea mā te paipa ESPO.

Vityaz - Sakhalin hinu waitohu, rite i roto i te kounga ki te faufau RIA. Kaweake ki te paipa Trans.

hinu masivesivá i roto i te ao: ko te whakarōpū ao

hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga katoa o "koura pango" ao te i runga i rua rama - Sweet hinu faufau a Light Sweet hinu masivesivá.

hinu faufau Sweet - rauemi raw ki kore nui ake i te 0.5% ihirangi whanariki, me te hauwai sulfide me te hauhā. I reira, whakamahia tenei tohu e i roto i te hanga o te penehīni.

he iti i roto i te ware pi Light hinu masivesivá Sweet. Pokey me te mātotoru taea rerekē.

I runga anō i te āhuatanga o enei momo, ki te hinu faufau i hoatu ki te momotuhi e whai ake nei:

• marama (kiato rawa);
• faufau (ihirangi ware pi iti);
• taimaha (kiato iti);
• reka (whanariki iti).

momo tohutoro

I roto i te katoa i reira e 3 te hinu waitohu i roto i te ao, whakaaro nei ki te hei i te tohutoro.

Brent (faufau) - Moana Te Tai Tokerau kiato reo raw kei 0.5% poke whanariki. Whakamahia i roto i te hanga o kaathu reo-rahi, me te penehīni. Ko te utu o Brent hinu masivesivá - te pūtake mo te hanganga o ngā utu i runga i te tuatoru o nga tahi atu momo katoa i roto i te ao nei.

keri WTI te i roto i te US āhua o Texas. Kua he kiato ki runga ake Brent, ihirangi whanariki - 0.25%.

Dubai anuanu - hinu i te United Arab Emirates. mohiotia hoki rite Fateh. He he kiato iti. Kei reira ki runga ki te 2% poke whanariki.

ngā momo i roto i te kaweake i te kete OPEC

OPEC (Organization o Petroleum te Kawemai Whenua) i roto i te tātai i te utu o tetahi ahua tetahi ranei whakamahi te taupū "kete OPEC». Ki te rā, te kete OPEC ngā 11 rama o "koura mangu":

• Whakaranu Saharan (Aratiria);
• Es Sider (Ripia);
• Arab Light (Hauti Arapia);
• Basra Light (Iraq);
• Bonny Light (Nigeria);
• Iran Taumaha (Iran);
• Kuwait Kaweake (Kuwait);
• Murban (United Arab Emirates);
• Qatar Marine (Qatar);
• Girassol (Angola);
• Merey (Venezuela).

Oil Ko te tapahanga o te nuinga o öhanga - FAATUPURAA e rua, ka whakawhanakehia. kawea ana he hinu tūhura i rua i runga i te tuawhenua me te i runga i nga whata o nga moana. He ki runga 20 ngā momo rerekē o "koura mangu". I tua atu, i ia momo kua ona ake hanganga matū ahurei. Ko te ingoa tohutoro matua e pā te utu i runga i te tauine ao, kua riro te reira Brent, WTI ko Dubai anuanu. Pane hinu Russian haere hoki te kaweake: Urals, Siberian Light, Arctic Oil, Sokol, ESPO, Vityaz. He Futures kirimana mo te supply o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te hokohoko koloa ao. Fele, Ko New York me ngā whakawhitinga kararehe London tenei. I roto i te Russia mahi reira RTS (Moscow).