"Zenit" tākirirangi. Booster 11K77 ( "kōmata")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - te piha haapiiraa Intermediate, hangaia hoki te whakatakoto ki te ohuraa Earth i roto i te aratau aunoa o āmiorangi ā, me te hōia, me te waka ātea topu. E rua- me toru-atamira whakarerekē. Ko te karahīni whakamahia rite wahie kōeke WG-1 me te hāora wai.

TAUIRA tahi paheko

I runga i te pātai o te pere "Zenit" Russian Ukrainian ranei, e kore e ngāwari ki te whakahoki kupu. Kua hangaia nga huānga hanganga matua i roto i Dnepropetrovsk CB "Southern" tautooraa o Engineers Soviet me pūtaiao. I muri i te parariraa o te fakamāmaní Union Hoahoa Bureau haere mai i raro i te mana o Ukraine, e pupuri i ana mahi kōtaha, ka tonu te whanaketanga o te "Zenit" raupapa. Hanga missiles hoki kawea atu i runga i te kamupene Dnepropetrovsk "Yuzhmash".

Na, āhuatanga nui hoahoa whakawhanakehia, ka hangaia e te hinonga Russian. I roto i ngā, tohu boosters "DM" hua RKK "Energy", me wai engines tākirirangi RD 171 me RD-171M - NPO "ENERGOMASH". I roto i te whānui, kamupene Russian homai 70% o nga wae. Ka taea e tatou te mea e te "kōmata" - tākirirangi Ukrainian, me tona hau - Russian.

History o hanga

CB "Tonga" i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e rua-wā tākirirangi "kōmata" ki taupū 11K77 i te mutunga o nga 1970 - wawe 1980, rite ki te mahi o te Tāhuhu o Defence o te USSR i te waka whakarewatanga e e tukua ki a koutou hohoro a pai whakakiia rōpū o āmiorangi hōia.

Fakatatau ki ai, ka te hoahoa i te reira i te tokanga makehe i utua ki te tika, noho pai o te whakamahi, me te tere o te faaineineraa no te te whakarewatanga, i tutuki i roto i whānui te whakamahi o te Waeine me aunoatanga. Boosters piha taimaha i te whakamāramatanga, e kore e taea e pūkoro, na kua arotahi te kaihoahoa i runga i te hoahoa RN piha waenganui.

I roto i te rerekē ki te pūnaha whakawhanakehia i roto i te tau o mua, i roto i tenei hoahoa whakamahi te tino matatau whakangungu hangarau, me te tīmata-ake, whakawhanakehia SRI SK, SE hoa "CB" Southern "i roto i te kaupapa maha.

Whakatinanatanga o te rere

Ko te tuatahi whakarewatanga o te tākirirangi kawe i roto i April 1985, i ko tomuri rite auau. kawea angitu tīmatanga-ake i roto i Oketopa 1985. I te tīmatanga, e arotahi ana te matatini kei i runga i putanga whakahaere o āmiorangi hōia me ngā pūnaha rua-te whakamahi, engari i muri i reira ko he neke ki te whakarewatanga o āmiorangi arumoni.

He wāhi tuarua o te tono o te putanga taketake o "Zenit-2» 11K77 ko ki te whakarite i te rere ki te teihana wāhi "Mir" ki te waka i runga i te poari. Ki te ū ki ngā whakaritenga katoa mō waka whakarewatanga ki Tarahihi me waka ātea i roto i "Zenit" hanga hapanga ā nui, me te tangohia maha atu mehua whakapai ake whakatakotoria te tika i.

Ko te tawhā hoahoa matua

"Kōmata" - tākirirangi, hāngai ki te paerewa o te ao teitei nei hangarau āhuatanga me ngā tawhā hoahoa. Tika ha tokanga makehe te meka e runga i 90% o te papatipu tapeke o nga kaupae e tika ana ki te wahi wahie. Ko te kupu, ko te hanga o ngā wāhanga e rua ko tetahi o te pai i roto i astronautics hou.

Ki te whakaaro ki te atamira 1 ko reira te nuinga e tika ana ki te pūkaha RD171M mahi nui, me te te kore o boosters lateral. Ko te ngaro o accelerators taha e ohie atu te faaineineraa mo te whakarewatanga, rite tetahi o nga rerekētanga matua i waenganui i "Zenit" i runga i ētahi atu waka whakarewatanga. I tua atu, he hoahoa atamira pai atu, te whakaiti i te maha o ngā pūrere pyrotechnic, a faarahi hoki tika whānui mā te whakakore i te hiahia mō te tikanga wehenga te accelerators taha. I roto i te tua, he whānui o whāwhā wāhanga katoa o rere ngā taea te rōnihi o "kōmata" i rerekē terenga hau me te i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere rerekē, e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te tango wā, me te tika o te ututaumaha.

pūnaha taketake

I runga i te RN he huinga tonu o runga-papa taputapu hiko mo te mahi o te pūnaha telemetry. Onboard Telemetry Pūnaha whakarato "Sirius" TMI tuku i runga i rua takere irirangi motuhake ki NPC ngā, kei roto i te rohe o Russia.

Wehenga kaupae - "mahana": te whakamahi i te tīmatanga atamira pūkaha urungi 2, kähaki mezhstupennyh hononga pūkaha me te braking ki wha SRM wahi te wehewehe o te atamira tuatahi. I muri i tona tango ki te tawhiti haumaru rere boosters atamira 2.

tāuta RN i runga i te pūnaha e whai ake nei ki te whakarite i tona mahi me te mahi o te rere:

• pūnaha mana;
• pūnaha inenga;
• ka mea wāhanga pūnaha inu supply wahie;
• pūnaha mana kohi wahie;
• tamaa pūnaha mana;
• haumarutanga rere;
• pūnaha whakahaere rangi pāmahana o te pēhanga teitei ;
• huānga mana Temperature;
• thermostating huānga pūnaha;
• he pūnaha waipēhi;
• pūnaha pozharopreduprezhdeniya.

ao hou,

"Zenit-2" i muri i te parariraa o te USSR kore e totohu ki te warewaretanga. kamupene Ukrainian "Yuzhmash" tonu te whanaketanga "kōmata" kaupapa i roto i te mahi tahi tata ki hoa Russian, me te ke. pūnaha pere, tuku ki te kawe i rōnihi i te whenua ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") me i tüäpapa moutere ( "Zenit-3SL") Kua whakawhanakehia kua. Tata tīmata katoa missiles whenua-e hāngai ana kawea atu i Baikonur.

whakaritea kaupapa International "Moana Whakarewa" i i roto i 1995 i te mau tautooraa o te kamupene American Boeing Commercial Space (40% o te whakapaipai), te RKK Russian "Energy" (25%), Pūmanawa Ukrainian "Pivdenmash" ko CB "Tonga" (te tapeke wahi o 15%) me te no Norevetia AKER Solutions (20%). Ko inaianei atu watea, me te-utu whai hua rōnihi o moana te whāinga o te huinga "Odyssey" pūhara kei i te kōpae waenganui. whakamātautau pere fakahāhaa'i haere pai. Kua Mai 1999 Kua kawea reira i roto i 32 angitu whakarewatanga arumoni ki "Zenit-3SL», a 4 rahua. I te kau, e tika ana ki ngā whanaketanga kino i roto i Ukraine, te taha ki Iukereiniana i roto i te kaupapa e iri tona whai wāhitanga.

atamira tuatahi

Ko te hanga o te wāhanga tuatahi o "Zenit" ngā:

• mezhstupennuyu anga;
• RD171 (RD171M) pūkaha;
• he wāhanga hiku;
• wahie, me te oxidizer tāke.

Mezhstupennaya anga tohu te wharikitia paiherea whakawhitinga wehenga. eke ia taha elektropnevmorazemov poari whakarato kōrero pūnaha, whakarewanga waka me te waka ātea ki te pūnaha e hāngai ana whenua-e tika ana ki te tīmata ILV.

E whakanohoia ana te tāke wahie PGSP wāhanga aunoatanga, pūoko VHC, Surte, i roto i te tank oxidizer, ano, te pūnaha pressurization ipurau tāutatia. whakanohoia ana te wāhanga hiku te RD171M engine wha-ruma i mā take tāuta papa i runga i te anga mutunga o raro.

RD171 pūkaha

hangaia te whakato te mana kei te ki te waihanga te pamu me te mana mau tautooraa puta noa katoa stabilization takere RCN. tāuta tēnei pūkaha i roto i te tīmatanga o te akatuke'anga katoa "Zenit". Kei te rite rawa Rocket, me te inaianei ki te whakarerekē RD171M matatau. hāngai ana te huringa hoahoa pūkaha i i te whakapai ake i tona tika, me te mahi.

I roto i te RD171 kitea whakamahi hangarau ahumahi atu matatau o engines tākirirangi wai whakawhanakehia e te kamupene Russian i te mara o te pūkaha. I tēnei wā whakarereke RD171M ko te kaha tino LRE i te ao, tona aki ki te wāhi tīmata (i roto i te whenua) e 740.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua

Ko te hanga o te wāhanga tuarua o "Zenit" ngā:

• kōwae taputapu;
• boosters RD-120;
• RD8 engine urungi.
• oxidizer me te wahie tāke;
• wāhanga hiku.

Ko te wahi matua kōwae taputapu kei onboard te pūnaha mana taputapu hiko, me te pūnaha inenga. I roto i te tāke wahie, pera i roto i te wā tuatahi, kua whakaritea nga pūoko Surte, VHC, PGSP wāhanga aunoatanga i roto i te tank oxidizer - ipurau supercharging pūnaha.

wāhanga Tail ki te porotakaroa haru ai kōpaki hanganga wāhi poraka pūkaha arā, o te toko māhanga engine RD-120 me te pūkaha RD8 tapawhā urungi.

"Kōmata": te tākirirangi me ona ngā

I roto i te mahi o ngā waka whakarewatanga "kōmata" momo katoa o 82 tīmata-ake kua kawea i roto i, te nuinga o te tino angitu (69 tīmata) whakamutunga, 4 - wāhanga rahua, te toe ohoreretia.

• roa pere: 57-59,6 m.
• Tau o ngā wāhanga 2 3 ranei.
• Ko te diameter mōrahi o 3.9 m.
• Ututaumaha: 15 tons hoki te pūnaha Whakarewa moana, 13.7 m - mō ngā pūnaha whenua.
• taimaha Tīmata: 445-462 taranata.

Ahakoa te tauira o te mahi tahi angitu i runga i te ao hōtaka "kōmata", te pere e kore te wā hua e tika ana ki te āhuatanga iu i Ukraine.