Haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US i roto i 1959. meka Historical

"Karangatia e ahau ia!" - ki taitara taua pāpāho American Nō te N. tere tuatahi S. Hruscheva ki te United States. Rā o te hautoa ao tino, no te mea kahore tetahi ara e kore i taea e whakaaro ka e te tahi mea rite tenei i taea e tupu. Ko te United States me te Soviet Union - te tau kotahi hoariri i te wa, rite ki te whakangaro tahi i te tahi ki te aro karihi i tetahi wa. haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US (1959) poto kia whakaahuatia i roto i te rerenga kōrero kotahi: kotahi-tangata whakaatu, i roto i nei Khrushchev He wāhi nui i roto i mua o te minenga American. whakaahua tatou i roto i to tatou kōrero tuhinga pehea tupu tenei.

US me whanaunga Soviet i runga i te mahana o te haerenga

E kore ai te kaipānui hou ara matau ki ta ko te tere tuatahi o Khrushchev ki te United States. Tau - 1959, i mua tata e, i te rua tekau Party Congress i 1953, na'e fanongonongo ai e te tūturu o te whawhai i muri ao.

I roto i te 1956, ua faaite te Soviet Union he ako hōia hou - te whakamahi papatipu o kaha karihi me te pere i roto i te whawhai.

I roto i te 1957, kua ite to matou whenua pere tuatahi fakavaha'akonitinēnití ballistic o te ao. Takahanga tika kaha rahi mo te ao i roto i te whānui me te US i roto i ngā: e ora Ameliká i runga i tetahi atu fenua, e fakasiokālafi taratahi i te toenga o te ao ratou, o ratou ope, me te kaipuke reliably tiaki ratou i tetahi fakaaoao, te ru o Pearl Harbor, i roto i, e hanga whakatau, noa Amelika i muri i te wikitoria i roto i te ao whawhai II he māia e tangata i roto i te ao nei e taea kore whakawehi ratou haumaru. Ae, te USSR me te United States i patu karihi e taea te whakangaro i te ao, engari ko te reira i roto i te puka o pōma nui ki tino kaha te paheketanga o te mate. E hiahiatia tonu ēnei poma ki te whakaora i te rererangi ki te rohe US, ka meatia e ratou i reira. Pai pūnaha rangi korero American, i te mea i runga i nga turanga manuao i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite ngā o missiles, kaipuke, kawe rererangi, seti toa, me te tahi atu. Tautuhi anō pahū karihi mo nga Ameliká, te whakaaro o. Na ka haere mai nga kupu matua katoa i roto i te niupepa e i roto i te USSR reira ko he tākirirangi nui, e taea o hea i roto i te ao ki te patu i te ngakau o New York, ka tae i te teitei roaahia'tu mō te rangi korero. Huri i te reira i roto i taua he whakangungu rakau korero American hanga mo nga tau maha, e kore e whakaora i te Hononga o Amerika i fakaaoao. whenua capitalist rere ana ki te āhua o te aitua wehi o te riri o "Russian haurangi" - ki enei kupu huaina tatou te press Western o te wā.

Na ko te wa e wehingia ana mo te ao Western whakaputaina he pūrongo hohoro ka e tupu tere hoa tuatahi o Khrushchev ki te United States tenei. I kitea tēnei rā rite te hararei, i hoatu e tumanako ki mirioni o Ameliká e pea Russian, me te kore rite "haurangi" rite ratou kanohi te press i mua, a kore e whakangaromia i te Te Hau-ā-uru kotahi patu karihi missiles ballistic.

fakaafe

tere tuatahi o Khrushchev ki te USA ka mau te whakawhetai wahi ki te fakaafe o US te peresideni Eisenhower. Whakamutunga ia i mohio e he hiahia i roto i te ahurea Western me te ōhanga i te rangatira Soviet, pera kua kite te āputa ōhanga ki te US te Soviet Union.

Ko te demonization o te Soviet Union, ka mau te pāpāho Western he mua o te wā iti. Khrushchev i roto i nga tau wawe o tona kingitanga e ngana ana ki te tiki i me te whenua capitalist, hiahia ki "ata fakataha ki a ratou." Heoi, ko te pea o te pakanga hou ao, te whānui hekeretari te tonu e kore e kingi i roto i, pera i reira matara i poauau, ka mahara pai nga mau haapiiraa o hītori, me te tinihanga o te hautoa Western.

Ko te whakaaro o te aniraa

Ua hinaaro te peresideni Eisenhower ki te whakatau i te mana o Berlin, rite e haere kore nga kau taki Soviet ki te aro ki te "rohe mahi" i roto i te pa. Mai i te Rohe Soviet o Germany kua hanga he āhua hou - te German Democratic Republic - me ona whakapaipai i roto i Berlin. Mau i roto i tenei pa, "te aroaro o nga capitalists" to tatou kaiārahi i kore e hiahia ana ki te. I roto i te puna me te raumati o 1959, tū a'oraa i minita ke i roto i Geneva, engari i taka ratou.

i kawea fakaafe Whaiaro ki haerenga o Khrushchev ki te Hononga o Amerika o Amerika i te Tuarua Minita o te USSR Tiamana o Frol Kozlov, e haere ana ki te whakatuwheratanga o te whakaaturanga Soviet.

"Whakaae ahau, i tuatahi ahau i kore whakapono. To tatou whanaunga i na takoki e te fakaafe ki te haerenga hoa ki te matenga o te kāwanatanga Soviet me te Hekeretari Tuatahi o te Komiti Central CPSU i maere "-! I muri haamana'o Nikita Khrushchev.

Ko te press American hoki e kore i taea e te whakapono te reira, engari hohoro i reira nga kōrero i hoatu nga mea katoa i roto i tona wahi: i whakaako ano te peresideni Eisenhower te kaimahi o te Tari State (US Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs) Robertu Merfi haere Kozlov fakaafe ki haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US. haerenga titauhia i ki hei te mea whakaae te feia faatere o te Soviet Union i runga i te whakaaetanga Geneva i te mana heke mai o Berlin i runga i ngā American. Heoi, i wareware Murphy ki whakahua e pā ana ki tenei huru, a Khrushchev ohorere noa mo te Eisenhower whakaae te aniraa.

Ki te iriti i tatou tenei i te reo takawaenga ki noa, ka whiwhi tatou i te whai ake: Me Ameliká ki tiaki ratou rohe i roto i Berlin, engari i roto i Geneva, kua paopao tatou diplomats ratou tono katoa. I muri i taua, tamata ia ki te whakarite i US rangatira Khrushchev, tōna tikanga hanga he tohu ki to tatou Hekeretari Tianara, fakaafe'i ia ki te haerenga hoa. I roto i te horopaki o te ū mai Cold War, kia kia paopao he fakaafe taua, engari ahakoa kia puta etahi rere. Heoi, he ohorere, me te expressiveness e rua i roto i te kaupapa here kāinga me te ke Khrushchev. whakaae e ia te aniraa ki te kupu: "Well, ka ka noho ahau i reira he e rua ranei, wiki." a Eisenhower kahore whiriwhiri, engari ki te whakaae ki reira.

Me pēhea te ki te whakarite haumaru?

tere ka ū mai a Khrushchev ki te United States tahuri atu ki te waiho i te ānini mo nga pirihimana ngaro Soviet. i taea e ki te whakarite i te haumaru o runga rangatira i roto i te whenua hoa i roto i te Uniana ratou. Ko te aha ki te mahi i roto i te whenua kino, te wahi e taea tetahi motokā e he wahi kino? kihai ratou i mohio i te reira, no te mea kahore he wheako e hāngai ana.

e hiahia ana ētahi o ngā mema o te tira Soviet ki te ui i nga Amelika ki i hoatu e ratou ake te tītara hoia American patu i te ara i te Khrushchev i te rererangi hōia i roto i te noho wahi.

whakahe etahi, no te mea e kore e tenei mehua faaore i te nganatanga, ki te whakatau kaitōrangapū Western ki te patu i te rangatira o te USSR. I roto i te mutunga faaoti ratou e te mea e tika ana ki te tuku i te tiaki o US pokapū maramarama, a ki te whakapono nga fakapapau o ratou kaupapa here haumarutanga.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te US?

Kei te rere te reira i teie nei i tetahi whenua ki tetahi whakaaro matarohia te, a e rima tekau nga tau ki muri i reira ko kahore he rererangi taua i roto i to tatou whenua, e pai e taea ki te rave faaoti i waho te tamaa rere i te US ki te USSR. A ko reira tika i roto i nga mea katoa i ki te whakaatu i te Te Hau-ā-uru e to tatou whenua kua te hangarau hou. Na faaoti matou ki te tiki i te waka rererangi TU-114 - anake i te wa ko te ahei te tauira ki te hanga i te whati Linipeeki o to tatou whenua i roto i Washington. Ko te raruraru ko te e te kore ano tino i whakamatauria te tauira, kia kahore tetahi i taea kī te haumaru o te tangata tuatahi o te kāwanatanga, ki te kahore hoki te tangata kotahi - te kaihoahoa tauira Andrey Tupolev. whai e ia te tika o te rererangi, ka rite ki taunakitanga o ana kupu fokotu'u e nga mema o o te waka o tana tama ake Alexei. hanga te kōwhiringa i roto i te manakohia o te Tu-114.

He aha whakaae Khrushchev i te haerenga?

Hoki nga mea katoa te take, ka mau ia haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US? He aha i whakaae te rangatira Soviet i runga i te haerenga? I roto i te meka, he māia i roto i te painga o te pūnaha hapori Khrushchev ka whakapono e te wikitoria hītori ki runga i te moni i roto i te pau ke hoko. Kua i whakawhanakehia ako kāwanatanga, kia rite ki nei "reira e haere mai Communism i roto i tenei whakatupuranga." Inscriptions o te huarahi tata o "paradaiso" ara rākau i roto i runga i te kohatu, me urupa. Ko rite nga wa katoa, kihai i haere mai pono whakaako tenei, a hohoro nga inscriptions katoa murua i roto i nga eighties o te rau tau whakamutunga. Heoi, i te kore reira e mohiotia ano, a ka hiahia te rangatira Soviet ki te kite i te "Te Hau-ā-uru ino" ki ona kanohi ake.

Hekeretari Tianara rite te tirohia?

ahu ētahi ki te whakapono e haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US i ki "kowhetewhete" mo ngā pūnaha whakataetae, rite karu ka reira mārama e te Te Hau-ā-uru hangarau mua o tatou tīmata. mohio Eastern Europe reira kua he rau ōrau, me i te 1956 i reira ko te whakatikanga ake i roto i Hungary ki te tikanga Communist. hua Supporters o te "whakaaro o te tinihanga" rite tohenga e kore i Khrushchev aufauraa i te whakarongo ki te tenenga hakari, i whakakitea e ia ki kaitōrangapū Western, a tamata ki "fatunga" tetahi mea "ngaro" no te mea whakaaro ia e kore nga mea e whakaaturia Ameliká he o ngā moni. Na, "wormed te ngaro o" to matou rangatira hamipākī, hotdog, ratonga whaiaro ratonga-, rokiroki pūtau i te rererangi me te i te teihana tereina, me te witi.

haere mai i muri i tenei katoa, a i roto i te Soviet Union. Hamipākī me kuri wera mo take wä, i whakaingoatia te "poaka i roto i te paraikete" me "tapatapahia i roto i te whakamātautau," ka ko tino e whakaaro matou i te reira i te iwi Soviet. Na witi ko rangatira tatou hopea "aroha", whakaaro e te mutunga i kitea te El Dorado, te mea ngaro o te angitu o te ao capitalist i runga i te pāmu i Iowa. Ko "witi Kōrero" i roto i te haerenga i hanga he pūrākau e reira whakapae whakaritea Khrushchev i runga i tona whakamātau ki tenei tikanga. I roto i te meka, ko e pā ana ki papatipu māra whakahau ahuwhenua o te kānga korero i mua i te haerenga. Khrushchev ia pai ki te karanga "corncob" ara i mua i tona whakarite ki te tūranga teitei o te faatereraa i roto i te whenua, me te te maha kawea ngā kaupapa o te whakataki papatipu o tenei tikanga. Ko te take mō tenei "aroha" ki tenei huawhenua ko te meka e i roto i tau 1949 whakaorangia te witi Ukrainian Soviet Republic i te "matekai" muri ka ko Khrushchev i te pou o Hekeretari Tianara o te rōpū i roto i te whenua. I roto i ētahi atu rohe o te USSR tonu i te matekai tika ki te kore hua me te kore o rāhui. Heoi, haerenga a Khrushchev ki te US i roto i 1959 ngā kōrero hutia i roto i tona whakapono e tenei tikanga ko te hiahia akiaki ki te whakauru i roto i te USSR. I muri mai, kua hoa utua to matou ahuwhenua mō ngā ki tenei huawhenua, ka kanga te Hekeretari Tianara te iwi Soviet i roto i te kīhini, munching witi taro hei utu o te witi. Fair ki te mea i taua i teie mahana whakaaetia te Russian Tāhuhu o Ahuwhenua nga ngā Nikita Khrushchev i te whakataki o kānga i roto i te ōhanga motu, pera faarahi te reira i te hua o te mīti me te miraka kararehe. Ko ia fa'i hoki e "kore ko reira e tika ana, o te akoranga, katoa i runga i te whenua ki te rui witi."

Ko te ohorere tuatahi

haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US ka mau wahi i roto i te 1959, ka i haere tahi e te momo o te pākiki o. I te tahi taime huri i te reira i roto i taua i te rangatira Soviet, me i te wa ano e ngana ana ki te wehe i te mea ngaro o te Te Hau-ā-uru, me i te wa taua ki te whakaatu ia ratou painga i ahurea, hoatu ia i roto i te tūranga rorirori.

I te wheketere, IBM he noho tau'a ore to tatou rangatira ki te hua, tona ahua katoa tohu e matou, rawa, he reira mea katoa. A haamana'o na e i roto i te 1959 i reira nga te tuatahi i roto i te ao o rorohiko i te transistor taumata tiketike o te tika, me te mahi i kitea te US Air Force taea reira ki te whakamahi noa i roto i te pūnaha rangi korero whakatūpato wawe. e kore te mea tino maere Khrushchev, rite kore i taea e te mahi i runga i te whakapai ake o rorohiko i whakahaeretia i roto i to tatou whenua, me te "corncob" ki matau i te auahatanga pāhoro no o te kore o te matauranga pūmotu i roto i tenei rohe. Ko, kua whakaaetia tenei tenenga IBM ki te riro i te rangatira te ao i roto i te hangarau rorohiko.

Otiia i faahiahia Khrushchev tetahi tenenga - whaiaro mahi-i roto i te piha tamaaraa. O te akoranga, i kore i rite ki te Hekeretari Tianara ki te whakaatu i tona ohorere, me te tonu tohe e "i roto i te USSR pai." Heoi, tokomaha mohio e Khrushchev disingenuous.

I roto i Hollywood

haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US i roto i 1959, ka tohua tona taenga i Hollywood. kamupene kiriata "rua tekau Century Fox" whakaritea i roto i te kororia o te rangatira o to tatou tina nehenehe mō te 400 iwi. i taua fiefia e i karangatia e ia rongonui anake kahore ratou haurua tuarua, rite te pai rawa mo te hunga e kore e nei e makona.

Hollywood i taua wa i whara "hopu makutu" - te whawhai ki te whakatö-o Communism i roto i te United States, na he tokomaha manukanuka āheinga karapoti. Heoi, tata katoa te pai-mohiotia kaiwhakaari, kaiwhakahaere, kaitōrangapū, Playwrights, me etahi ka mau wahi i roto i te tina:. Bob hupou, Francis Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Dzhon Kennedi , me te tini ke atu.

Etahi, pērā i Bing Crosby ko Ronald Reagan, hei tohu o te whakahe ki te tikanga hapori kaki kapea e te aniraa. wehi etahi noa mo ratou aitua, a kihai i haere ki te hui, kia rite ki te whawhai ki a ratou kua i roto i te Komihana o Uiui i runga i Ngohe Un-American. I roto i enei iwi i rua kaitito rongonui Arthur Miller, engari tana wahine, Marilyn Monroe i ngā māngai e te feia faatere o te Soviet.

Khrushchev i runga i te kiriata

I muri kua whakaritea e manuhiri tina ki te whakaatu i te shooting o te kiriata "Cancan". Kua whiriwhiria āta te ngā i te tino piquant kiriata te kongakonga heke mai. rere waiata nui kaikanikani, ka anga ki te kanikani, remu tino ara mīharo. I muri mai, kihai i nga kairīpoata mahue te whai wāhi ki te ui i te rangatira Soviet e te whakaaro ia o taua scenes. Kei te karanga a tenei momo to tatou rangatira "faufau", me ia e kore te whakapae i te whakatika i to ratou whakarongo ki runga ki a ratou. Heoi, ko te shooting o kairīpoata ki te anga ke.

I te hui ki te whakahaere hokohoko uniana, i Khrushchev faaite tona riri i te meka e te "attrice faitotonu" kia "ara ake te pito" i roto i te manakohia "tūmatanui kino." A ka i kore e taha to tatou rangatira te faingamālie ki te haapapu e "e hiahia ana tatou taua" haere noa "he kore e tika" me "hiahia ki te whakaaro noa" tatou, a kahore "mataara koutou kaihe." Heoi, i tenei rangatira Soviet kihai i makona ia: timata ia ki te parody te kanikani i te kiriata, e tuu tona kaihe i roto i te iwi whānui. I te iti rawa, na ka tuhituhia taua mea e tetahi o nga kairīpoata American - Sol Bellou, e hipokina haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US. Ko pono fakangalongata'a tau mo ia, a ia pinepine whakaaro e pā ana ki enei ngā puta noa to ratou oraraa.

haerenga o Khrushchev ki te US: whakaminenga ki te uniana hokohoko

He oto tūturu mo to tatou rangatira i te whakaminenga ki te whakahaere hokohoko uniana i roto i te United States. te whakaaro ia e ki a ia, ka whakatau ia ki ana hoa i roto i te whawhai ki te ao capitalist. O te iwi katoa, engari noa "kaimahi pakeke" Me kino "kaitukino me enslavers." Otiia ko he ia: ko te rangatira o te uniana hokohoko nui Uolter Rayter whakahē te pūnaha hapori katoa o te USSR. tamata Khrushchev ki paruru i atu a whakawakia ia o "tinihanga o te piha haapiiraa mahi", engari i roto i te mata ka mea a Reiter Nikita Sergeyevich e kore e whawhai ia mo hapori i roto i te whenua, a ka kaimahi anake ki te whakapai ake i te ora mahi.

I muri mai, no te kitenga o ia Reiter moni Khrushchev tohu e moni nga capitalists nga rangatira katoa hokohoko uniana i roto i te United States.

"Ngeru mate Dead"

I roto i te whānui, haere tahi haerenga a Khrushchev ki te United States (i roto i te 1959) i na maha mahi o whakapataritari, korokë, hanihani ki runga ki te wahi o te iwi whānui American. ko nga pātai tino kino mo to matou rangatira, te hunga e pāngia te ngangaretanga Hungarian. Enei fakamatala'i ia te "ngeru mate mate", ka pängia e te meka e kua roa kua enei ngā i roto i te mua, engari kairīpoata whakaara tonu tenei kaupapa.

haerenga tuarua

Ko te haerenga tuatahi a Khrushchev ki te US he raina wareware, engari ehara i te mea ko te haerenga anake o to tatou kaiarahi ki "hoariri hoariri". E mea ana i muri i to maatau kaiarahi i te United States i mamae i te tau 1959, kaore pea ia e haere ki reira. Engari, i te tau 1960, i korero ia i te 15 o te Runanga Nui i te UN i New York, i reira i whakawakia ai te whakawhitinga capitalist o te Hauauru ki Awherika. I runga i taua mea, i oati ia ki te whakaatu i te ao katoa "whaea kuz'kina." Ko te hunga wehi Amerika kua hurihia tenei kupu "ka tanu koe," me te rangatira Soviet i nga kanohi o te ao o te Tai Tokerau ka huri hei kaihauturu, ka rite ki te whakangaro i te ao katoa. I muri i tera, ko tetahi atu haerenga hoahoatanga o Khrushchev ki nga USA (1961) kaore i puta, a, ko te kupu "whaea kuzkina" i timata ki te tohu i te "kingi-poma" kaore i puta i te USSR i muri i te Runanga Nui.