Gyustav Eyfel: haurongo, whakaahua. Bridges Gustave Eiffel

Ko te mutunga o te rau tau XIX tino deservedly riro te mana o te wā koura i roto i te hītori o te engineering. au te reira i te kaihoahoa nui tohu tonu te kōrero ngā taumata nei whare. Alexander Gyustav Eyfel tangata ohie mohiotia rite te kaihanga o te pourewa rongonui i roto i Paris. e mohio ana torutoru iwi e noho ia i te ora rawa taonga a hanga maha waihanga atu tino. Kia a ako atu e pā ana ki tenei Engineers nui me kaihoahoa.

Kōhungahunga me Mātauranga

whanau Gyustav Eyfel i roto i 1832 i roto i Dijon, kei nei i roto i MAORI. rawa pai tona papa tupu karepe i runga i o ratou māra nui. Otiia kihai i Gustave hiahia ki te horo'ai to ratou oraraa ki ahuwhenua me te pou-whakangungu i te kura nui rohe tomo ia te Paris Ecole Polytechnique. I muri ako i reira mō ngā tau e toru, ka haere te kaihoahoa heke mai ki te kura Central o Toi me Crafts. I roto i te 1855, puta Gyustav Eyfel.

mahi wawe

I taua wa, whakaaro engineering i akoranga fili, na ka mau kaihoahoa taitamariki he mahi i te kamupene e whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga me te hanga o piriti. I roto i te 1858, hangaia Gyustav Eyfel tona piriti tuatahi. e kore i taea e huaina tenei kaupapa angamaheni, rite te toenga o tona mahi kaihoahoa. Hei opehia mana kaha, whakaekea ratou te tangata i roto i te raro o te popo'a i te tikanga o te press waipēhi. Ki te rā, kei te uaua whakamahia tenei tikanga, kia rite ki i roto i te hiahia o ngā whakangungu hangarau.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tika whakaturia nga puranga i te hohonu o te 25 mita, i Eiffel ki te hoahoa i tētahi pūrere motuhake. I pai, no te hanga te piriti, mohio Gustave i rite te kaihanga kaipūkaha piriti. Neke atu i te te rua tekau tau i muri mai, kua hangaia e ia he maha waihanga rerekē me te urupa hoahoa rahi, e ngā te piriti Bir Akeym, Pont Alexandre III o, te Eiffel Tower me te ake.

He tirohanga makehe

I roto i tona mahi, tamata tonu te Eifel ki mai ki te tahi mea auaha e kore e faaiti anake te ati o kaihoahoa me kaihanga, engari ano hoki hanga he takoha whai hua ki te ahumahi ake. Te hanga tona piriti tuatahi, faaoti Gyustav Eyfel ki te whakarere i te hanga o te tīrewa mōmona. hanga nui piriti maitai kikorangi i roto i mua i runga i te pēke. A ki te whakaturia te reira i roto i te wahi, e hiahiatia ana te kaihoahoa kotahi anake maitai taura totoro i waenganui i nga tahatika e rua o te awa. timata tenei tikanga ki te kia tono hurinoa, engari tau 50 anake i muri i whakaaro ai i te Eifel.

Bridge mo Tyuyer

Piriti i tu tonu i Gustave Eiffel, engari i roto ia ratou i reira, a i kaupapa haurangi. Ko ētahi o ēnei he Viaduct hanga e te awa Tyuyer. takoto te matatini o te kaupapa i roto i te meka i i ki te tu i runga i te pae o te maunga awa 165 mita hohonu ia. Tae noa Eiffel tono ki te hanga i te Viaduct ka he torutoru ake Engineers, engari kihai ratou katoa. tapaea e ia ki te taupoki ana i te tautoko nui awaawa kikorangi hoki e pai mahi e rua pylons raima.

Tuhinga Arch o rua haurua e e rite rawa ki tetahi ki tetahi ki te tika o nga whakatekau o te mirimita. ka te piriti i te kura pai Eifel. riro ia wheako tino taonga, me te kua takoto to ratou ora, me te ārahitanga ngaio.

Fakataha ki te rōpū o Engineers whakawhanakehia Gustave he tikanga ahurei e taea ki te tātai i te hanganga konganuku o tata tetahi whirihoranga. Hanga he piriti puta noa Tyuyer, ka mau hero o to tatou aamu ake whakaaturanga hoahoa ahumahi i roto i Paris, i ko ki kia tū i roto i te 1878.

"Hall o Machines"

Fakataha ki te mataaro pūkaha French rongonui hangaia de Dion Eiffel te fare nehenehe, e kiia nei ko "te Hall o mīhini." roa hoahoa ko 420, te whanui - 115, me te teitei - 45 mita. anga hanga titoa o whakarewa Kurupae puka openwork, e pupuri hipokina te karaihe whirihoranga ngā.

A, no te nga kau taki o te u, i ko ki te tā te kaupapa Eiffel i te ora, maheni ki tona whakaaro, whakaaro ratou i te reira rite te tahi mea e taea. Ko te mea tuatahi e raruraru ratou, - te meka e i roto i aua ra kihai i te tīariari i te whare o tenei rahi. Otiia, i te "Hall o mīhini" tonu i hanga, me te mau mai i te kaihoahoa maia whakawhiwhia te Gold Medal mō rongoā hangarau tino. Kia aroha mai, e kore e taea e koe, me ahau e kite i te whakaahua o tenei hanganga ngā, mai i roto i te 1910 i te wāwāhitanga i te reira.

Ko te hoahoa "ruma mīhini" tino i okioki ki te papa raima He ähua iti. Ua tauturu tenei tikanga ki te karo i deformations e te taniwha, puta tika ki displacement whenua tūturu. Ko te ara mohio te kaihoahoa nui tono ano a ano i roto i o ratou kaupapa.

Te pourewa, kihai i taea e e

I roto i 1898, i roto i te anaanatae o te Exhibition Paris i muri, Gyustav Eyfel a hanga ana he teitei pourewa o 300 mita. E ai ki te whakaaro o te kaipūkaha, ko reira ki te riro i te tino hoahoanga o te pa whakaaturanga. I taua wa, e kore i taea e ara te kaihoahoa whakaaro he aha tenei pourewa ka waiho tetahi o nga tohu matua o Paris, ka whakakororia piriti kaihanga mō ngā rau tau i muri i tona matenga. I roto i te whakawhanake i tēnei hoahoa, tono ano te Eifel tona taranata, a hanga neke atu i te kotahi whakatuwheratanga. Kei te pourewa o ngā wāhanga whakarewa angiangi, e kua piri ki tetahi ki tetahi i rivets. silhouette translucent o te pourewa rite rere reira ki runga ki te pa.

He uaua ki te whakaaro, engari inaianei e kore ai e te wae Parisian matua. I te timatanga o 1888, he marama i muri i te tīmatanga o te mahi hanganga i runga i te hanga, ki te heamana o te ingoa o te komiti whakaaturanga i tuhituhia mautohe. Ko te rōpū o toi me ngā kaituhi. I ui ratou ki te hoatu ake te hanga o te pourewa, rite kia pahuatia ai te whenua maheni o te whakapaipai French.

Na reira te kaihoahoa rongonui T. Alphand credibly te whakaaro e te kaupapa Eiffel he pūmanawa nui a taea riro kore anake te ahua matua i roto i te whakaaturanga, ko te attraction matua o Paris. Pera tonu te meatanga i roto i iti iho i te rua tekau tau i muri i te hanganga o te pa nui ka pā ana ki te kaihoahoa kaupapa, e tangohia e te peu o te whakaaro nohinohi, me te kore e wehi o faaotiraa maia. Ia ka karanga i te kaipūkaha tona hanganga "te pourewa 300-mita", engari whakawhiwhia ia hapori te honore ki te hanga hītori mo te marea, ka karanga te pourewa tona ingoa.

Statue o Liberty

e matau ana torutoru iwi, engari ko reira Gyustav Eyfel, he hiahia to tatou nei haurongo ki a koutou i tenei ra, ngā te pikinga o te tohu American - Statue o Liberty.

tīmata te reira i katoa ki te meka e te hanganga French i roto i hanga o ona pourewa tutaki ki tona tauira American - te kaihoahoa T. Bartholdi. whai wāhi whakamutunga i roto i te rēhitatanga o te teneti American i te whakaaturanga. pokapū Exhibition i ki te waiho i te whakapakoko iti o parahi, i kanohi herekore.

I muri i te whakaaturanga, ka nui haere te Wīwī te whakapakoko ki te teitei o 93 mita, a hoatu ana e ia Amerika. Heoi, ka tae te tohu heke mai i te wahi o te tāutanga, ka mārama e hoki me te tāutanga he anga maitai kē. Ko te mataaro pūkaha anake nei i matau ki te tātaitanga hoahoa parewai, ko Gyustav Eyfel.

whakahaere ia ki te hanga i tētahi anga pai kia te whakapakoko, ko te utu nui atu i te tau kotahi rau, me te hau kaha i te moana ki a ia manawarau. A, no te he tau torutoru ki muri, whakahokia te tohu American i, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tirohia i te tātai Eiffel whakamahi hōtaka rorohiko hou. Koinei, te kaipūkaha anga whakaarohia rite orua ki te tauira, i whakawhanakehia e te mīhini.

taiwhanga

I muri i te angitu maere i rua whakaaturanga o to tatou hero faaoti ki te kōrero i roto i te hohonu ki te mahi i te rangahau. I roto i te pa o Auteuil, tuatahi hanga ia i roto o tetahi mea i roto i te taiwhanga ao ako i te pānga o te hau ki runga ki te ātete o whare rerekē. Eiffel Ko kaipūkaha tuatahi o te ao, e whakamahia i roto i ngā akoranga hau kauhanga. Ko te hua o tona mahi whakaputaina i roto i te raupapa kaihoahoa o mahi taketake. Ki tenei ra whakaaro reira te whanaketanga o te mātāpunenga o engineering.

mutunga

Na, ka mohio tatou tetahi mea anake Paris pourewa, rongonui Gyustav Eyfel. Whakaahua o ana fakatupú korekoreko me meinga whakaaro koutou e pā ana ki te nui tangata me te taea te whanui o to tatou ngakau. Otiia i te timatanga o te Eifel ko he kaihoahoa noa o piriti, nei whakaaro kua mura hoa wiri. kōrero Tino fakalaumālie.