Mathematician Perelman Hakopa: takoha ki pūtaiao. Well-mohiotia mathematician Russian Grigory Perelman

Mathematician Perelman - he tangata rawa rongonui, ahakoa te meka e arata'i ia he ora mokemoke me te i roto i nga ara taea e te press. Ko te tohu o te whakapae Poincaré, meinga hoatu ratou i te reira i runga i par ki te pūtaiao nui i roto i te aamu o te ao nei. kihai mathematician Perelman maha tohu whakaratohia e te hapori pūtaiao. noho tenei tangata i te rawa ataahua, me te kanga katoa ki te pūtaiao. O te akoranga, e pā ana ki taua mea, me te whakatuwhera i te mea e tika ana ki te korero i roto i te taipitopito.

Matua Grigory Perelman

Pipiri 13, 1966 whanau ko Grigoriy Yakovlevich Perelman, he mathematician. Sioloto reira i roto i te rohe tūmatanui he bit, engari te rongonui tino e te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga. I whanau ia i roto i Leningrad - te whakapaipai ahurea o to tatou whenua. Ko tona papa he hiko. kihai i whai ia ki te mahi i ki te pūtaiao, rite tokomaha whakapono.

Yakov Perelman

whakapono Tino rongonui e Gregory - tama Yakov Perelman mohiotia popularizer o pūtaiao. Heoi, ko tenei tinihanga nga, no te mea ka mate ia i roto i te whakapaenga o Leningrad i Maehe 1942, na kihai i taea e ia e te papa o te mathematician nui. whanau tenei tangata i roto i Białystok, he pa e no mua ki te Russian Empire me tenei wahi o Poland. whanau Yakov Isidorovich i roto i 1882.

Yakov Perelman, i te mea rawa ngā, ngā ano pāngarau. I tua atu, i hiahia i roto i te tātai arorangi, te ahupūngao ia. whakaaro tenei tangata e te kaiwhakarewa o pūtaiao whakangahau, me tetahi o te tuatahi e tuhituhi mahi i roto i te momo o te tuhinga pūtaiao rongonui. Ko ia te kaihanga o ngā pukapuka "Pāngarau Live". kua maha atu ngā pukapuka tuhituhi Perelman. I tua atu, tona rārangi pukapuka ngā neke atu i te mano tuhinga. Ko te pukapuka rite "Pāngarau Live", ko Perelman i ngā ona panga e pā ana ki tenei pūtaiao. He tokomaha o ratou e tango i te ahua o ngā kōrero poto. faataahia teie buka no te tuatahi hoki te iwi taitamariki.

I roto i te faatura kotahi he reira tino ngā ano pukapuka, te kaituhi i - Yakov Perelman ( "whakangahau pāngarau"). Trilliard - E mohio ana koe he aha tenei tau? Tenei nuku ^21. I roto i te Soviet Union mo te wa roa, e rua unahi whakarara te tīariari - "poto" me "roa". E ai ki a Perelman, "poto" whakamahia i roto i ngā tātai pūtea me ngā tūemi rā, me "roa" - i roto i te tuhituhi mātauranga i runga i te ahupūngao me te tātai arorangi. Heoi, e kore e trilliarda mō te tauine "poto" te tīariari. Nuku ²¹ huaina a reira sextillions. e rerekē ēnei unahi tino.

Heoi, e kore matou e faataa i runga i tenei ki te mutu, ka neke ki runga ki te kōrero o te takoha ki te pūtaiao, i hanga reira Gregory hei utu Isidorovich Hakopa, nei whakatutukitanga kua iti iho i te tano. E te ara, e kore tuu aroha o pūtaiao Gregory tona i'oa rongonui.

Mother Perelman me tona mana i runga i Gregory

Mother o te pūtaiao heke whakaako pāngarau i te kura umanga. I tua atu, ko ia he vaiolini pūmanawa. Pea te aroha o te pāngarau, me te tangohia e waiata puāwaitanga Gregory runga reira i a ia. E rua kei te rite ngā Perelman. A, no te fehangahangai ki te pai rawa o te wahi ki te mahi i - i roto i te Conservatory ranei i roto i te kura nui hangarau, kihai ia i ahei te whakatau. Ko wai e matau ana aha e kua riro Grigoriy Perelman, i whakaritea e ahau ki te tiki i te mātauranga waiata.

Kōhungahunga pūtaiao heke mai

Kua i te tau taitamariki Gregory rerekē pukapuka kupu, tuhituhia e rua, me te waha. Ia maha patua e te kaiako i roto i te kura. E te ara, ki runga ki te kōeke 9 ako Perelman i te kura nui, āhua angamaheni, e he na nui i runga i te mata. Na ka kite i te kaiako o te whare o Pioneers te tangata taitama pūmanawa. I tangohia e ia ki nga akoranga mō ngā tamariki pūmanawa. Kua whai wāhi tēnei ki te whanaketanga o taranata ahurei Perelman.

Toa i nga Olympics, kura

Mai reira e haamata i te wikitoria taumata mo Gregory. I roto i te 1982 riro ia i te mētara koura i te Budapest International Mathematical Olympiad. Te reira uru Perelman ki te rōpū o te kura Soviet. riro ia te kaute tonu, whakatau tino nga mahi katoa. kōeke te tekau ma tahi i St. Gregory puta i roto i te taua tau. Ko te meka o te whai wāhitanga i roto i tenei whakataetae whaimana whakatuwheratia hoki ia nga tatau o te pai pūtahi mātauranga o to tatou whenua. Otiia kihai a Grigoriy Perelman tika i roto i reira, engari riro ano hoki te mētara koura.

Ehara i Koinei, i haina ia i waho whakamātautau i te Leningrad State University, Mechanics me Pāngarau Faculty. E te ara, te mētara koura i roto i te kura Gregory, piro nui, i kore riro. Tenei haukotia te aromatawai o Koiri. Tuku ture hākinakina i te wa i obligatory mo te katoa, tae atu te hunga e e uaua ana ki te whakaaro ahau i roto i te pou pekepeke ranei i te pae. I roto i te tahi atu kaupapa ako ia i rima.

Ako i LSU

Neke atu i te nga tau i muri torutoru, tonu te pūtaiao heke tona mātauranga i LSU. uru ia ki te angitu nui i roto i ngā whakataetae pāngarau. i taea e ki ara farii i te karahipi Lenin whaimana Perelman. Mai ka e ia te rangatira o 120 moni - he rota o te moni i roto i aua ra. E tika ana kia, pai ia ora ia.

Me ahau mea ai ko Pāngarau me Mechanics o te University, e huaina nei inaianei St. Petersburg, i roto i nga tau Soviet, tetahi o te pai i roto i Russia. I roto i te 1924, mo te tauira, puta ia i V. Leontyev. Tata tonu i muri i te otinga o te whakangungu, riro ia te Nobel i te ohaoha. Tenei pūtaiao ara ka karanga te papa o te ōhanga American. Leonid Kantorovich, anake toa kāinga o tenei tohu, riro te reira mo ratou takoha ki tenei pūtaiao, ko te matmeha orometua.

Tonu te mātauranga, te ora i roto i te US

I puta ia i LSU tomo Grigoriy Perelman te Steklov Mathematical Institute, ki tonu ratou mātauranga i roto i te kura puta. Aita i maoro roa, rere ia ki te US i roto i te tikanga ki te tapaea tenei whare mātauranga. Kua tonu tenei whenua i whakaaro te āhua o te haere noa mutunga, ina koa i roto i nga wa Soviet i roto i nga tangata o to tatou whenua. Hei kite i tona moemoea o tokomaha, otiia kihai i te mathematician Perelman tetahi o ratou. Te āhua e te faahemaraa i haere ki hia e te Te Hau-ā-uru hoki a ia. Scientist arahina tonu te āhua noho tano, ara he uaua iti. kai ia hanewiti tīhi e kua horoi ki te miraka te waiu ranei ki raro. Na o akoranga, mahi te mathematician Perelman pakeke. I roto i ngā, i whakaako ia. tutaki pūtaiao me hoa mathematicians. Amerika 6 tau i pokaia ia.

Hoki ki Russia

hoki Gregory ki Russia i paari taketake. Here mahi ia mo 9 tau. Ko reira i tenei wa, kia kia, a ka timata ia ki te matau e te ara ki te "toi parakore" Ko roto i te taratahi, taratahi i te hapori. faaoti Gregory ki wehewehe ratou whanaunga ki te hoa mahi. faaoti te pūtaiao ki te maukati ia i roto i tona fare Leningrad ka tīmata he mahi nui ...

āhuawhatunga

Ehara i te mea ohie ki te whakamārama i whakamatauria Perelman i pāngarau. nga i aroha nui o tenei pūtaiao anake e taea mahino kakato te auraa o tona kitea. Ka tamata matou ki te reo wātea ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te whakapae i hoatu e Perelman. kumea ana Gregory āhuawhatunga. Ko reira he manga o te pāngarau, maha hoki i huaina āhuahanga i runga i te pepa rapa. rangahau āhuawhatunga nga āhua āhuahanga e ora taua ka ko piko te puka, ka whiria, totoro ranei. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki te te tino elastically hauā reira - kahore splices, motu me wehenga. Ko te tino nui hoki taua marau rite ahupūngao pāngarau te āhuawhatunga. E horo'a te reira i te whakaaro o nga āhuatanga o te wāhi. Kei te korero tatou i roto i tenei take e pā ana ki te wāhi mure ore, e te whakawhānui tonu, e ko te ao.

Te Poincaré whakapae

kawea mai te nui French ahupūngao, mathematician me te philosopho zh. A. Puankare te whakapae tuatahi i roto i tenei whakaaro. tupu tenei i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Ko Me kï reira i hanga e ia he whakaaro, a kahore i kawea mai tohu. hanga Perelman reira toku misioni ki te whakamatau i tenei whakapae, deduce te rau tau i muri mai, he otinga pāngarau, arorau houhia.

A, no te kōrero iwi e pā ana ki tona ngako, te tikanga timata e whai ake nei. Tangohia te kōpae rapa. kia wawahia e te reira i runga i te pōro. Ko te kupu, ka whai koe i te ao e rua-ahu. He mea nui kua kohia te paenga o te kōpae i te wāhi kotahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e rave i te reira koe ki te rucksack mā te kukume me te here tona taura. Huri i te reira poi. O te akoranga, hoki tatou ko reira he-ahu toru, engari ko te wāhi e rua-ahu o te tirohanga o te pāngarau.

Na ka timata haurangi kua āhua me te whakaaroaro, i te mea uaua ki te kite i tētahi tangata ngawari. Na kia whakarato te reira i te ao e toru-ahu, he pōro, totoro i runga i te tahi mea e haere atu ana ki tetahi atu taha. poi-ahu toru, kia rite ki te whakapae - te ahanoa toru-ahu anake ngā, e taea te kirimana ki te whakapae "gipershnurom" i kotahi ira. Ko te tohu o tenei ture tauwehe tauturu ki tatou kia matau ki ta ahua ko te ao. I tua atu, whakawhetai ki a reira e taea āhua tatou amo e te ao, me te reira ko te poi e toru-ahu.

tāpae kōrero Poincaré me te ariā Big Bang

Me kï reira e tenei whakapae ko te haamauraa o te ariā Big Bang. Ki te ko te ao he "ahua" kotahi, te tapao o nei - te kaha ki te wahia te reira i tetahi wāhi, i te tikanga e ko reira taea, me te totoro i roto i te ara ano. whakatika te pātai: ki te mea he poi, he aha te mea i waho te ao? Ka taea e ki te tangata e te he hua tuarua no ki tetahi anake te ao, a kahore noa nga hanganga katoa, e matau ana ki tenei mea ngaro? Ko te hunga e hiahia, ka taea e koe te whakahere ki te tirohia i roto i nga mahi o tetahi atu mathematician ao-rongonui - Stephen Hawking. Heoi, e taea e kore ano te mea ai ki runga ki tenei kaute te tahi mea raima. Kia tumanako tatou e ka e taea ki te whakaoti i tenei puzzle ka puta i roto i te heke mai, e fakamamahi'i te whakaaro o maha tetahi Perelman me ia. Ko wai e matau ana, kia taea ki te mahi i reira tonu pea noa koe Grigoriyu Yakovlevichu.

Te Nobel i roto i te pāngarau

kihai i Perelman riro tenei tohu whaimana mo tona paetae nui. Ke e kore te mea te reira,? I roto i te meka, e taea te ngāwari faataa te reira, ki te whakaaro tatou e kore e tīari tenei tohu. te kōrero katoa o nga take he aha i hanga māngai Nobel tangohia o tenei pūtaiao nui. Ki tenei ra, e kore whakawhiwhia te Nobel i roto i te pāngarau. Perelman pea e kua riro te reira ki te vai te reira. He ko he kōrero e te take mo te pato'iraa Nobel mathematicians ko te whai ake: ko reira māngai o te pūtaiao i mahue ia i te wahine marena hou. Ka rite ki reira e kore e ranei, engari anake ki te haerenga mai o te rau tau 21 tika hopea ka kaha. Just na reira ko tetahi bonus mo mathematicians. Korerotia mai ki a poto tatou e pā ana ki tona hītori.

Kia pehea te i te paraihe o te Institute o Clay?

Rawiri Hilbert i te International Congress o Mathematicians, puritia i roto i te 1900 i roto i Paris, tapaea he rārangi e ngā 23 raruraru ki te kia kitea i roto i te rau tau hou 20. Ki te rā whakaaetia mo 21 o ratou. E te ara, oti he paetahi o te LSU matmeha YV Matiyasevich i 1970 te whakatau o te 10 o enei raruraru. I te timatanga o te rautau 21 rite ia unu he rārangi i runga i te Institute o Clay American, arā, o whitu raruraru i roto i te pāngarau. kia whakaoti ratou i roto i te rautau 21. i kauwhautia Tohu he miriona tāra mo te whakatau o ia o ratou. Ahakoa i roto i te 1904, whakatakoto ia te tetahi Poincaré o enei mahi. hoatu mua e ia te whakapae e te wāhi-ahu wha katoa te mata e toru-ahu, e homeomorphic ki reira homotypic ao ōrite. I roto i te mau parau ohie, ki te he rite i roto i te tahi mau rave'a ki te ao te mata e toru-ahu, ko reira taea ki te totoro i te reira ki te poi. Kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina ana tēnei tauākī o te pūtaiao i te tātai o te ao e tika ana ki tona faufaa rahi i roto i te māramatanga o ngā tukanga tinana matatini, me te tika ki te meka e te whakahoki ki reira ko te pātai o te āhua o te ao. kia mea te reira e tenei kitea whai wāhi nui ana i roto i te whanaketanga o te nanotechnology.

Ko te kupu, kua whakaritea e te Clay Pāngarau Institute ki te whiriwhiri i te mahi uaua tino 7. i korero ai hoki te whakatau o ia o ratou he miriona tāra. Na konei mai i te kitea i hanga e ia Grigoriy Perelman. Taonga mō te pāngarau, o te akoranga, haere ki a ia. I ite ia tika hohoro, mai ia i roto i 2002 whakaputaina ana whakatutukitanga i roto i ngā rauemi Ipurangi ke.

i whakawhiwhia Perelman te Clay paraihe

Na, i roto i te Maehe 2010, i whakawhiwhia ia he tohu pai-tika ana Perelman. Paraihe i roto i te pāngarau tikanga whiwhi āhua faahiahia, te nui o i ko $ 1 miriona. a Gregory ki te tiki ia mo tohu o te ture tauwehe o Poincaré. Heoi, i roto i te Pipiri 2010, kawea atu e te kaipūtaiao waihotia i roto i Paris hui pāngarau i ai ko ia ki te tango i te wahi i te whakaaturanga o tenei tohu. He Hōngongoi 1, 2010, ua faaite Perelman tona kore nuitia. Ano, hoatu te moni ki a ia, e kore ia ka mau, i roto i te noa'tu o tono katoa.

Aha kihai mathematician Perelman te utu?

faataa Gregory i te meka e kore e hinengaro tukua ki a ia te tiki i te miriona, hoatu e rave rahi atu mathematicians. ka mea te pūtaiao i ia he maha ngā take pērā i ki te tango i te moni, a kihai i tangohia e ratou. kihai i taea e ia te whakatau. Ko te take matua o te kore o tohu Grigori Perelman, ka karanga te mathematician tautohenga ki te hapori pūtaiao. tuhia e ia e whakaaro ia tona whakatau taurite. ka mea a Gregory whakapono ia e te takoha o Kirikiriroa, te mathematician Tiamana, i roto i te otinga o tenei raruraru, e kore e iti iho i tona.

E te ara, i muri noa puta talanoa i runga i te kaupapa: me maha pāngarau tohatoha mirioni, pea tonu maia te tangata ki te tango i a ratou. He tau i muri i te kore o Perelman Demetrios Christodoulou ko Richard Kirikiriroa whakawhiwhia i te Shaw paraihe. Te rahi o tenei tohu i roto i te pāngarau, ko te kotahi miriona tara. Kei te te tahi mau taime tenei tohu tuku ki rite te Nobel o te Te Tai Rāwhiti. ka Kirikiriroa reira mo te hanga o te ariā pāngarau. Reira ka whakawhanakehia tona mathematician Russian Perelman i ana mahi i oti rawa ki te tohu o te tāpae kōrero Poincaré. riro Richard tenei tohu.

Ētahi atu tohu, o nei i pai ki te Grigoriy Perelman

E te ara, i roto i 1996, i whakawhiwhia Grigoriyu Yakovlevichu te utu whaimana mō mathematicians taitamariki i te hapori pāngarau Pākehā. Heoi, kihai ia ki te farii i te reira.

10 tau i muri mai, i roto i 2006, whakawhiwhia te pūtaiao i te Āpure Medal mō te whakaoti i te tāpae kōrero Poincaré. kihai Gregory me i reira.

Pūtaiao moheni i roto i 2006 ka karanga te tohu o te whakapae, i hanga e Poincaré, te pakaruhanga pūtaiao o te tau. Me kï reira e ko te mahi tuatahi i roto i te pāngarau, kua roaa nei te taitara taua tenei.

whakaputaina Rawiri Gruber me Sylvia Nasar i roto i 2006 i te tuhinga e tika ana te maha o Destiny. ta te reira i Perelman, tona raruraru whakatau Poincaré. I tua atu, whakaahua ana te tuhinga i te hapori pāngarau, me i te pūtaiao ngā o te mau parau tumu matatika. Kei te aroaro o te reira me uiuitanga onge ki Perelman. mea te rota te pā ana ki te faaino Shintana Yau, mathematician Hainamana. Fakataha ki ana ākonga, tamata ia ki te wero i te faaoti o te taunakitanga o Grigoriem Yakovlevichem. I roto i te uiuiraa, mea Perelman, "e kore e nga tangata iwi ke whakaaro te hunga e maumau'i paerewa matatika i roto i People pūtaiao rite ahau -. E he tangata i roto i te wehe".

I roto i te Mahuru 2011, a kihai mema i roto i te Russian Academy o Sciences, te mathematician Perelman. aroaro tona haurongo i roto i te pukapuka whakaputaina i roto i te taua tau. Mai i reira ka taea e koe te ako atu e pā ana ki o pāngarau te whakarau, ahakoa hāngai te kōrero huihui i runga i te whakaaturanga o ngā rōpū tuatoru. Ko tōna kaituhi - Masha Kohena. whakaemi te pukapuka i runga i te kaupapa o ngā uiuinga ki te hoa, kaiako, hoa, me te tahi-kaimahi Perelman. Sergei Rukshin, Uchitel Grigoriya Yakovlevicha, ka mea e pā ana ki tona misioni.

Grigoriy Perelman tenei ra

I teie mahana arata'i ia he ora mokemoke. Kaha tukunoa'i press mathematician Perelman. Hea e ia ora? Tae noa tata, i ora ai Gregory me tona whaea i roto i Kupchino. A i roto i 2014 te mathematician rongonui Russian Grigori Perelman kei roto i Sweden.