Famous ōmataora Russian me te rongo mau, me te whakatuwhera ratou

Whakatairanga o pūtaiao - te rota o te iwi pūmanawa, me te whakatapua e kore e wehi i te wa i hoatu ai mua tona whakapae e pā ana ki te kaupapa ki te whakaaroa te pūrere hou nei. tangata tino rite o nga mano tau ka kite te rota o ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ngā, me te nui i roto i te mara o te koiora. Ko wai e te iwi nei whakakororia Russia? Ko wai e enei ōmataora rongonui?

Mai i Antiquity ki te rau tau XIX

Kua tīmata ōmataora Famous me ratou ite ki te puta mo te wa roa. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata, ka ara i roto o te pātai mō te pūtaiao pera, i reira nga iwi e hiahia ana ki te taa i te mea ngaro o te ao. Ko te he taua tangata rongonui, rite Aristotle, Pliny, Dioscorides.

Biology rite pūtaiao ka anga ki te puta ofi ange ki te 17 rau th. whanau systematics puta o kaiao ora i marau pērā i koiora, whaiaroaro. Tonu ki te whakawhanake i anatomy: i reira ko te whakatuwheratanga o te rua o nga tohanga, i ako tuatahi reira pūtau toto whero, me te parāoa o kararehe. ōmataora Famous o te wa - te reira Uilyam Garvey, A. Leeuwenhoek, T. Morgan.

XIX ko XX rautau - ko reira te tihi o ngā āhuatanga hou i puta ke te ao. Ko te ōmataora tino rongonui nei noho i te wa, i taea ki te rahi te huri i te akoranga o te pūtaiao. Ko te hiranga o te tenetere 19-20th, e kore e taea te whakamaihi, no te mea i puta mai noa nga whakapae taketake me innovations i tenei wa, i roto i te koiora kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tahi atu mara o pūtaiao. Pea i whakahaeretia nga akoranga tino nui anake i roto i te mau taata pērā i Pavlov, Vernadsky, Mechnikov me maha atu ōmataora Russian pai-mohiotia.

Zhan Batist Lamark

Fanauhia i roto i te 1744 i roto i Picardy. hoatu e ahau mua te whakapae o te kukuwhatanga o te ora i runga i te whenua, no te aha huaina a reira te kawainga o Darwin. Hoki whakaurua Lamarck wā "koiora" me pekanga tīmataria pērā i kararehe me te paleontology hātaretare.

Antoni Van Levenguk (1632-1723)

I muri i te matenga o tona papa, ka timata Leeuwenhoek ki te mahi i roto i te orohia karaihe mua. He tau torutoru i muri ka ia he ariki i roto i tona mahi, i awhinatia ia ki te hoahoa ona ake karu 200 wā whārahinga. Ki tenei karu, Leeuwenhoek kitea kaiao free-ora - huakita me protists.

Hoki whakamatauria tuatahi pūtaiao e te toto ko te wai ki te maha nui o ngā pūtau. ngā pūtau toto, i whakatuwheratia hoki pūtau toto whero Leeuwenhoek.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

whanau I. P. Pavlov i roto i Ryazan i 1849. I puta ia i te haapiiraa evanelia i roto i tona kainga, ua faaoti ia ki hono to ratou oraraa i te pūtaiao. puta pūtaiao Future i te Medico-Whārangi Academy, tango i runga i i ngā kaiako hinganga o te scalpel. He aha te tutuki angitu ōmataora tino rongonui o te rau tau 19?

mahi rangahau o hāngai Pavlova i runga i nga mahi io. haapii e ia te hanganga o te roro, te tukanga o te te tuku o ponana karere. Ka rite ki whai wāhi te pūtaiao i roto i te rangahau o te pūnaha kūnatu, hoki i riro ia te Nobel i 1904. Tae noa tona mate, mahi I. P. Pavlov rite te Rector o te Institute o Pātukitukinga o te Academy o Sciences.

Ka rite ki ki katoa ōmataora pai-mohiotia Pavlov pau te nuinga o tona ora ki te pūtaiao. Mō 35 tau i whai wāhi ia i roto i rangahau e pā ana ki te pūnaha io pokapū ki te āhuatanga o te whanonga hinengaro. ka te pūtaiao te kaiwhakarewa o te aronga hou i roto i te pūtaiao - whaiaroaro o teitei mahi io. I whakahaeretia te rangahau i roto i te taiwhanga, hōhipera hinengaro me kennels mō mōkai. I roto i te whānui, i ngā nga tikanga katoa mo te mahi noa i te kāwanatanga o te USSR, t. Ki. Kua awhinatia te hua o te rangahau ki te hanga i te taahiraa nui ki te revolution pūtaiao i roto i te mara o te mahi neural.

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky

Tata ki te katoa te pai-mohiotia ōmataora Russian nga Utaina tino, i physicists me mathematicians. He tauira a Tūrongo - V. I. Vernadsky, he whakaaro nui, kaiputaiao, kairangahau.

whanau Vernadsky i roto i te tau 1863 i roto i St Petersburg. Ka oti te Faculty o Pāngarau me Physics Peterburg University, tīmata ia ki te ako i te āhuatanga o te āhuatanga iratuki, te hanganga o te kirinuku o te whenua, te hanganga o nga kohuke. kua homai tona rangahau whanaketanga ki te whakatūnga o te ako hou - biogeochemistry.

hoatu hoki Vernadsky mua tona whakapae e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te ao koiora i runga i mea e ora rauropi katoa. Whai wāhi mai rauemi iraruke i roto i te huringa solar, piri ia te whakaoho, me te popohe i roto i te pūnaha koiora.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

ōmataora Famous o te rau tau 19 i hanga maha ngā āhuatanga i roto i te mara o te whaiaroaro, me te immunology tangata.

whanau Mechnikov i roto i te tau 1845 i roto i te kainga o Ivanovka Kharkov kawanatanga, puta ia i roto i 1862, ka whakauru atu i roto i te kura o Physics ko Pāngarau Faculty o University Kharkov. I muri whakaoti ana rangahau i te pūtaiao whare wānanga ka anga tona rangahau i roto i te mara o te Embryology o hātaretare.

I roto i te 1882 tutaki Mechnikov ki Lui Pasterom, e tuku ia i te mahi pai i te University Pasteur. mahi Ilya Ilyich reira hoki te maha o nga tau. I roto i tenei wa ia i hanga kore noa he torutoru nga āhuatanga nui i roto i te mara o te Embryology, engari anga ano ki te ako taua ari rite phagocytosis. Mau, ko Mechnikov me te tuatahi ki te kitea e te reira i runga i leukocytes tauira.

I roto i 1908 riro te pūtaiao te Nobel mo te whanaketanga o te immunology me rongoā. Na roto i tona rangahau, i taea ki te piki ki te taumata muri enei raupapa.

Mau hoari noa te mutunga o tona ora mahi ia i roto i te University o Paris , a mate i muri i te maha o whakaeke ngakau.

Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

Famous ōmataora Russian taea whakamanamana i te auraa o tona kitenga. Ko ahau kahore okotahi me NI Vavilov - kaikoiora moroiti, huaota, te tipu physiologist, arorangi me te matawhenua.

whanau Vavilov i roto i 1887 i roto i Moscow. Mai kōhungahunga i hiahia i roto i te kohikohi tipu, tuhi herbarium, ako o ngā āhuatanga matū o matū ia. Ehara i Koinei, tona wahi o te ako i mua nei e waiho te Moscow Agricultural Institute, te wahi i taea e ki te whakaatu i to ratou taranata ia.

Ko te kitea tino nui o te Vavilov - ko reira te ture o te raupapa huirua e whakamārama te parallelism i te kainga o huru o te maha whakatupuranga o kaiao. kitea kairangahau e roto momo tata e kitea ngā irarā ōrite o te ira kotahi. whakamahia ana tēnei āhuatanga i roto i hua ki te matapae i te āhuatanga ka taea o ngā tipu.

Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

e kore ōmataora Famous mahi anake i roto i te mara o te huaota, anatomy, whaiaroaro, engari ka whakanekehia ake ano hoki te ako hou. Hei tauira, kua whai wāhi DI Ivanovsky ki te whanaketanga o te Virology.

puta Ivanovski i St Petersburg University i 1888 i te Tari o Botany. I raro i te arata'iraa o ngā kaiako pūmanawa, ako ia whakato whaiaroaro, me te koiora, i tukua ki a ia kitea te rauemi puna mo ona āhuatanga heke mai.

Dmitry I. tona rangahau i runga i te tupeka. kite ia e te kaihoko fakatupu o tupeka mosaic kore he kitea i roto i te karu kaha tino me e kore e tupu i runga i pāpāho matūkai noa. I muri mai, ka haere mai ia ki te mutunga e reira he kaiao take noncellular e meinga enei mate. Ivanovo karanga ratou wheori, a ake mai kua te timatanga o tenei tekiona o te koiora rite Virology, i rahua ki te hanga i ētahi atu ōmataora rongonui o te ao.

mutunga

e kore te mea he rārangi whānui o pūtaiao i taea ki te whakanui ana akoranga Russian nei tenei. kua hoatu ōmataora Famous me ratou ite whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga o te kounga pūtaiao. Na reira, ka taea e tatou tika te karanga i te rau tau 19-20-th te tihi o te mahi pūtaiao, te wa o ngā āhuatanga nui.