Whārite oscillations ōrua me tona auraa i roto i te ako o te āhua o ngā tukanga oscillatory

Katoa ngā hawarite i te faaiteraa pāngarau. Ratou āhuatanga faaite te huinga o whārite teihana, whakaritea te whīwhiwhi o nei i te matatini o te tukanga oscillatory, āhuatanga pūnaha me te taiao i roto i nei puta ratou, i.e., te āhuatanga o waho e pa ana i te tukanga oscillation.

Hei tauira, i roto i nga rehe o te oscillation hawarite ko te kaupapa, āhuatanga nei i te:

- pūāhua tika;

- pāhiwihiwi;

- neke sino fakamatelié, e puta i te trajectory aho whenu ranei rite te mahi o te wā.

I runga i enei āhuatanga, e taea meinga whārite oscillations hawarite, e kua te puka:

x = A cos ωt puka ranei x = te ωt hara, te wahi x - taururuku uara A - te uara o te kaha tīwera o te oscillation, ω - whakarea.

mea faufaa no te kōpiupiutanga hawarite katoa, e kōrerohia i roto i te kinematics me rehe taua te whārite o oscillations hawarite.

Tohu ωt, i roto i tenei tātai e tu ana mo te tohu o te pānga pākoki, ka karanga wāhanga me tāutu reira te wāhi o te wāhi papatipu kōpiupiu i te wa i homai i te kaha tīwera homai. A, no te whakaaro o nga rerekē huri taiāwhio he 2n wähanga kaha, whakaatu reira te maha o wiri aunoa i roto i te huringa wā me te tohu w. I roto i tenei take, te whārite o oscillations hawarite kei reira hei uara taupū o te huringa (porohita) auau.

Kei te whakaaro matou i te whārite o oscillations hawarite, rite kua tuhia, taea te tango i ngā momo, i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga rānei. Hei tauira, i konei te he kōwhiringa. Hei whakaaro te whārite pārōnaki o free oscillations hawarite, kia whakaaro tetahi te meka e ahu ratou katoa ki te attenuation. Ko nga momo rerekē o te oscillation, faaite tenei āhuatanga ake i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē: mutu te tinana pokarekarenga, te whakamutunga radiation i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko. He tauira ohie whakaatu whakaiti o pūmanawa oscillatory, tona faafariuraa ki mahi pūngao wera.

Tenei whārite kua te puka: d²s / dt² + 2β x DS / dt + ω²s = 0. I roto i tenei tātai: s - uara tāngata uara i faaite i te āhuatanga o te pūnaha ngā, β - tamau e whakaatu ana i te damping whakarea, ω - auau huringa.

Whakamahi o tenei tātai taea te huarahi ki te whakaahuatanga o ngā tukanga oscillatory i roto i ngā pūnaha rārangi i te tirohanga kotahi, a hoki ana ki te hanga i te hoahoa me te whaihanga o tukanga oscillatory i runga i te taumata whakamātau pūtaiao.

Hei tauira, kua mohiotia ai e oscillations damped mutu i te wā whakamutunga o ona faaiteraa ki kia hawarite, arā, te kāwai o te auau me te wa mo ki a ratou hei horihori noa, a kahore e kereme e mōhiotia.

Ko te tikanga matarohia mō te ako wiri hawarite mahi oscillator hawarite. I roto i te puka māmā ko reira he pūnaha e whakaahua ana i te whārite pārōnaki o oscillations hawarite: DS / dt + ω²s = 0. Ko maha tukanga oscillatory arata'i noatia ki te meka e reira e he maha nui o oscillators. Tenei ko nga momo matua ratou:

- he oscillator puna - kawenga noa he tetahi m papatipu, e iri nei i runga i te puna rapa. oscillates reira momo hawarite, e kua whakaahuatia e te tātai F = - kx.

- oscillator tinana (tautau) - totoka, oscillates huri noa te tuaka pateko i raro i te mana o te tetahi ope;

- tautau pāngarau (i roto i te āhua e kore e whakaritea puta). Ko te pūnaha tauira pai ngā o te tinana tinana kōpiupiu he tetahi papatipu, e iri nei i runga i te aho weightless mārō.