Eduard Bernstein: Ideas Basic

Ko ia te tangata e ui te u o te parau haapiiraa Marxist. Ka rite ki te kaitautoko oraora o whakaaro manapori pāpori, ko ia te kaituhi o te ariā hou o te revisionism, i whakaturia te pūtake o te tahuritanga ki te pūnaha whakapono, piri nei ki SDs. Tenei tangata - Eduard Bernstein. ko tino whakaaro "Bichevatel" Marxism me te matenga o te International Tuarua e te parau haapiiraa o te "tiango o te moni" me te ariā o te "impoverishment o te ënei whenua" i roto i te pakiaka he. Na ko wai te mea ia, Eduard Bernstein, a he aha ka e ia katoa o te ohorere i te hoariri o Marx? Whakaaroa tenei pātai i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Tau o te tamarikitanga, me te taiohi

Kei te mohiotia te reira e, i whanau Eduard Bernstein, nei poto biography ko o te pānga ki hītori me pūtaiao tōrangapū ki te whānau Hurai. puta tenei hui January 6, 1850 i roto i Germany. kihai i ngā mātua o Edward taonga, engari, ahakoa, i taea ki te hoatu i to ratou uri i te mātauranga ratou. oti Future Social Democrats kura he tamariki tūmataiti ', ka timata ki te haere kura.

Na tomo te tangata taitama nga kura o Tauhokohoko. Hoko ona raukura, kitea e ia he mahi rite te papa'i parau i roto i te pēke puritia e te Rothschilds i roto i te pane a German institution ohie.

SDP

Eduard Bernstein, kua rite te tangata taitamariki tīmata ki te tiki wāhi i roto i te ariā o te hapori. I ako i te kura, e whakau ana ia i te ropu, i huaina "Utopia" e ngā iwi e faaite i ona whakaaro. A i roto i te 1872, uru atu iwi taitamariki nga rarangi o te German Social Democratic Party. I roto i te whakarara, kua mahi ia i roto i ngā mahi kairīpoata i te mara tōrangapū. I maoro Eduard Bernstein, nei biography te mohiotia e kore e hoki katoa, ko reira he kaitautoko o te ariā hapori whakawhanakehia Dühring. I roto i te mutunga o nga 1870, kua rāhuitia te mana Tiamana te niupepa whakaputaina e te Democrats Social, i muri i akina atu te tangata taitama i ki te waiho tona whenua.

hekenga

oho ia ki Switzerland. Hoki etahi wa te tangata taitamariki mahi rite papa'i parau i te kaipakihi Hochberg, e pūtea e rave rahi pukapuka Social Democrats.

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1880, Eduard Bernstein, ka anga ki te mahi i roto i te hautaka "Social Democrat" hei ētita. I roto i tenei tūranga, mahi ia mo tata 10 tau, hoko e, ka pau te kawe haavare te manawanui e te mana Swiss, nga Democrats Social me peia i te whenua. I muri haere Edward ki te UK, te wahi hopoi mai te whiu mona ki ia Engels. riro ratou hoa tata, a Bernstein - he kaitautoko o te parau haapiiraa Marxist.

I roto i Germany

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1890, i te pae hopea tukua Edward ki te hoki ki tona whenua, te wahi hāngai ia ki runga ki te mau tautooraa o tona mahi tōrangapū. I tenei wāhi, ia pae hopea ua faaoti i runga i te pai rawa o te parau haapiiraa.

I roto i te 1902, ka te Democrats Social he mema o te pāremata Tiamana. Ka mahi ia ki te whati iti i roto i tenei kaha noa 1928.

Ko te ariā o te revisionism

I roto i te aamu o Bernstein tomo ia kia rite ki te enemi o te parau haapiiraa Marxist, e kore e whakaae e ia e kore katoa ona tikanga, engari anake ki etahi. Ia whakawhanakehia hoki te ako o te revisionism.

tohe te kaituhi e hiahia ariā o Marx whakahounga, no te mea rere reira counter ki te wheako hītori hou me te kura o te hapori rite te parau haapiiraa tōrangapū me pehea he tika noa whakaako. Otiia whakarongo kau ana nga whakaaro Eduard Bernstein, me te whanau o te revisionism i riro ki mauahara i te rangatira o te Russian Revolution Vladimirom Leninym.

I roto i ana mahi "Raruraru o hapori" me "Raruraru o hapori me te manapori pāpori" whakatakoto Social Democrats tona tuhinga taketake: "Ko te kaupapa - katoa ki te whāinga hopea - kahore".

Ko te ngako o te faaino o te ariā Marxist

ko, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, kua ui ia te tika o etahi tikanga o Marxism i ngā o te mana pūtaiao. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ki te pono mārika e te whanaketanga o te moni ka whakapataritari te impoverishment o te ënei whenua. He aha e kore kua ano i whakaae, Eduard Bernstein? Ko te whakaaro taketake o Marxism i runga i te meka e te pūnaha bourgeois tā kukū whakahauanga o te whakapaipai i roto i te rāngai katoa o te ōhanga, paopao ano ratou. E ai ki nga Democrats Social, te whakawhanakehia atu te pūnaha capitalist, te iti kite nga ngā whakahēnga piha haapiiraa, me nga ora a te kaimahi mau i roto i tenei take, kia whakapai ake i te utu o nga panoni kāwanatanga.

A i roto i te āhua pāpori o te momo bourgeois o te taputapu rawa nui te hanga - he ture, i roto i nei te "mahue" kia māngai i roto i te nuinga.

Heoi, Bernstein ko te kaitautoko o whakahou äta o pūtahi tōrangapū, me te ōhanga. A me hoki "ngohengohe" me "whakamātautau" whakatinana parau tumu faaotiraa-whaiaro o mana, me te manapori. Heoi esdekov faaara ki te kaha (mihini) na roto i te ia mutu te raupapa, te kore e taea e te hapori kanohi i te raruraru.

meka ihoa e kore kua te mahi whakapumautia te ariā o Marx ko Engels, kia rite ki nei anake te ärai patu o te mana i te ënei whenua o e taea arahi ki "whakawhanaunga" o te ōhanga.

"E taea reira ki hapori pūtaiao?"

Na ko te mahi Eduarda Bernshteyna, tuhituhia i roto i te 1901. I roto i te reira, e rārangi e ia nga wāhi matua o te ripeneta e pā ana ki te tauira Marxist o te whanaketanga. Ko te ariā o te hapori whakaaro Social Democrats toru ngā o tirohanga. Ko te tuatahi titau hapori rite te ariā, te pūtake o e he ngā whakahēnga piha haapiiraa.

Kei te kitea i te tirohanga tuarua te ahanoa rite te kaupapa mo te huringa o te pūnaha capitalist i roto i te pāmu ngā ki te mana. Ko te toru o fokotu'u e hapori - he ako e tohu nei ara te whanaketanga o te hapori.

Eduard Bernstein i roto i tenei mahi fakamamafa'i e whakaaturia whāinga o pakanga piha rite nga whāinga pai o te whanaketanga o te hapori - he mea he hapa matarohia.

"Katoa postulate te ariā o te hapori, hanga i roto i te mana o te pūtaiao, kia tūnga hei tikanga invariable i roto i te mekameka o ona tohu arorau. He kaupapa o te mahi tahi tata ki mahi, ki nei hapori whāinga, tenei meka i roto i ētahi wā ka heke ai reira ki kahore kaupapa mahi, "- tuhi" bichevatel "o Marxism.

e whakamua Bernstein te whakaaro e kore e hapori rite te whakatōpū o mahi me te ariā tuku moni ano ki substantiation pūtaiao, ahakoa kihai i hiahia ia te reira. Ko te take i he taea te parau haapiiraa o te hapori anake i runga i te huru e whakaratohia reira etahi mārika morare, me te ture.

Heoi te tikanga to'utangata revisionist esdekov rite tino tikanga makanga me Marxism ariā.

huru Whaiaro ki Marxism Social Democrats

Eduard Bernstein rite te ideologue o te manapori pāpori ki te mau haapiiraa o Karla Marksa huru he rangirua. ka kite ia i te reira rite te arotahi o te ariā aroraa piha, hītori, rapunga whakaaro, ōhanga tōrangapū o te moni, me tenei symbiosis whakahoutia whakairo-mata tūnga rangahau o te hapori ā-.

i taea e ki te haamou i wāhanga te inviolability o nga'oua taketake o Marxism Eduard Bernstein, engari ko ia ki tutakina atu i te reira i roto i te taha pai. I roto i ngā, i whakapono nga Democrats Social painga o te meka i taea ki te whakatōpū i te mau haapiiraa o Karla Marksa me tahi-te tīariari rua te kaiwhakaatu o te hapori: te pakanga piha me nga mahi wairua me te ariā.

Ko o te whakaaro i ko te wāhanga matua o te whakaaro o Bernstein te faitotonú hinengaro hītori. Ko ia te tuatahi o nga kau muimui o nga mau haapiiraa o Marx me Engels kumea ana whakarongo ki tona mana, me te whai huatanga i roto i nga tikanga o mua hou.