Dzhon Dalton - English pūtaiao-pereoo o rau XVIII

Tautuhi kotahi anake makehe pūtaiao, ki e taea te pēnei Dzhon Dalton, he uaua. Ko tētahi o nga karaipi tino, me te taiea o tona wa, ko te ahupūngao, te kēmihi, tohunga huarere. Kia mohiotia hoki ana mahi i oti rawa ki te reo Ingarihi. Ia te tuatahi ako te koha o te whakakitenga tae, i i a i muri mai i huaina e tona ingoa - Kinaa.

Kaiako-whakaako

Tukupü o ona whakaaro pūtaiao, me te kanorau o ngā ngākau nuitanga rangahau e taea te wāhanga faataa e tona kore o te mātauranga ōkawa i roto i te mara ngā. whanau Dzhon Dalton i Mahuru 6, 1766 i roto i te pa o Iglsfilde, County Kimberlend te raki o Ingarangi, i roto i te hapu rawakore o te kaiwhatu. ko ana matua Hāhi Tūhauwiri, kau angatu'u, whakakahore katoa hono e te ki te Ekalesia mōhiohio o Ingarangi, na te haerenga ki whare mātauranga mō Hoani kihai i taea.

Ko te hiahia ki te whiwhi i te tau wawe, kaha tiketike, me te hiahia ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga kua arahina ki te hua ohorere. Nā ki te taunga ki John Gouhom, matapo philosopho-mataotao, tukua ia he wahi o to ratou matauranga, me te pakeke whaiaro mātauranga-, Dzhon Dalton ki timata 12 tau e mahi ana rite te kaiako i roto i te kura tuawhenua.

Dalton Meteorology

Dalton Ko te whakaputanga tuatahi o te mahi, i huaina "kitenga Meteorological me ngā wheako" (1793). Ngā mihi ki a ia, tutaki ia ki nga pūtaiao e awhinatia i te kuao kaiako ki te neke ki Manchester, ka whiwhi i te tūranga whakaako pāngarau i College New. Interest i roto i te huarere ka haere mai ki a ia i roto i te mohio ki a Erihu Robinson, pūtaiao, me Engineers i tona pa Iglsfilda. Dzhon Dalton i tona mahi, kei roto tokomaha o nga whakaaro i arahina ia ki te kuwaha o te ture hau heke mai, whakawhanakehia te ariā o te hanganga o rerenga kōhauhau, whakaarohia e George Headley.

I roto i te 1787, ka timata te pūtaiao ki te pupuri i te rātaka o ngā kitenga huarere. Kua Dzhon Dalton, tona haurongo he rawa ngā me te haapiiraa, te tomokanga whakamutunga i roto i te rātaka kua paruparu ringa i muri i 57 nga tau. Enei pūkete Ko te hua o te ako o te hanganga kōhauhau - te whakatutukitanga tino nui o Dalton i matū me te ahupūngao. Ko tētahi o te tuatahi i timata ia ki te ine i te pāmahana o te rangi i tiketike rerekē, hanga haerenga auau ki te maunga i roto i te Takiwa Lake i te-uru raki o te whenua.

colorblindness

oti rawa te rua te mahi nui o te pūtaiao i ki philology - "Āhuatanga o English Grammar" (whakaputaina i roto i te 1801), engari ka ngā tona aro i te taha o ona ake tirohanga āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kite te tae. I muri ora hoki e pā ana ki 35 tau, ka kitea e ia e kite tae rerekē atu te nuinga o te iwi, a e te āhuatanga taua kua tona teina. matau hohoro e kore ko reira anake te whakarōpū o ngā tae (te tae, i karangatia e ia te puru, rerekē i te mea i te etahi whakaaro ko ia), ua faaite Dalton ana whakaaro e pā ana ki te take o tenei āhuatanga.

Ko te mutunga i tika te āhua tuku o tenei koha, ko te whakamārama o tona bleaching kanohi wai i muri i haapapu. rangahau tupato, me te pūtakenga o te huarahi ki te raruraru, i whakawhanakehia e ki pūtaiao i roto i te tuhinga e tika ana "take rerekē o te tae" (1794), ko te take o te matapo o te wā, e kua mai i whakamahia e te ophthalmologists.

ariā hau

Te āhei ki te whakatau i ngā kitenga me ngā e arahi ki ngā wāhi e pā ana o pūtaiao - te pūtake o te tikanga auaha, i ko te rangatira o Dzhon Dalton. Ngā āhuatanga i roto i te matū me te ahupūngao, i hanga e ia, kei te maha e hāngai ana i runga i te taua ngā. Mai i te ako o te kōhauhau, awa, hanga i te rangi, kē mai ia ki te ako o nga taunekeneke o ngā haurehu e hāngai ana i runga i o ratou āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū - kiato, te pēhanga, me ētahi atu nga hua o tenei mahi tukua ki a ia kia āhuatanga i roto i te corpuscular - .. Atomic - te āhua o te taonga.

Ngā ki te haurehu arahina ki te kitea o te maha Dalton ture taketake: i runga i te kanohi (tūturu ki te wähanga takitahi) tenge o te ranunga hau (1801), te ture o te roha waiariki o hau (1802) me te tauira o te whakakāhoretanga o ngā haurehu i roto i wai (1803). Ko te mutunga e te nui o te rerekētanga o ngā ngota whakatu hau, te aroaro o ngāwhā kōpaki okoloatomnoy Dalton whakaaetia whakamārama i te āhua o te roha o ngā haurehu ka wera, ratou tūringiringi me te pēhanga i runga i nga tikanga o waho rānei.

ariā ngota o Dalton

Ko te whakaaro e ngā mea katoa i roto i te āhua o ngā āhuatanga wehewehe iti, i whakahuatia kua e kaituhi onamata. Otiia ko reira hoatu Dalton enei physicality whakaaro. Ko te tikanga matua o tona ariā i te maha o ngā tauākī:

• ahanoa rauemi katoa i mau o te iti - wehewehe, hanga kotahi te matūriki - ngota.
• Ngota o te taonga taua i roto i te papatipu me te rahi.
• Ngota o ētahi momo pūmotu rerekē i roto i te rahi me te taimaha.
• Ētahi atu matū matūriki matatini ngā o te maha o ngā momo rerekē o ngota.
• Ko te taimaha o matūriki hiato o te taonga rite ki te moni o nga marea o te ngota Pākēha.

tauira Āta tiaki o te rāpoi ngota, hanga Dalton o pirepire rakau. Ko te kaiaka nui o te kaipūtaiao - maka ana ki ngā te ariā pūtaiao o whanaunga ngota taimaha ngota faaotiraa o te hauwai rite te wae taimaha rāpoi. papatipu ngota ka taonga taketake i roto i te matū āhuatanga ine. Kihai nga whakaaro katoa Dalton o te hanganga ngota o te mea tika e tika ana ki te kore o te whanaketanga o te ahupūngao whānui, engari kua mahi tona ariā rite te hiringa kaha ki te matauranga o te ngota.

āhukahuka

i taea e ki te whakatutuki i roto i tihi pūtaiao, he taua tīmatanga uaua, rite Dzhon Dalton torutoru. haurongo Poto o te kaipūtaiao - he tauira oraora o te āhua o faaotiraa me matewai hoki te matauranga e te huri te ora o te tangata. āhei te reira ki a koe ahu mai i te ara o te hoko i te tuakiri kaha, me te kite pehea ko te huringa o te tamaiti e kua kahore tupono o te whiwhi i te pūnaha nui o te mātauranga, ngā whakapono mātua nei katia te ara ki te whare wānanga, i roto i te pūtaiao ao mohio, mema o te hunga pukenga pūtaiao whaimana o Europe.

tauira torutoru i roto i te aamu o te devotee taua, tata lī'oa Monastic ki te pūtaiao, i arahina Dzhon Dalton. whakaahua Photo pania ki te pūtaiao i roto i te wā whakamutunga o te ora, e whakaatu te tangata nana nei i hoatu te mana katoa mahi raupapa, me te pakeke.

utu a Dalton ko te āhukahuka o hoa me ngā ākonga. Kua te whakapakoko o te kaiputaiao kua tāuta i te tomokanga ki te Royal College o Manchester, i reira whakaako ia i roto i tona ora. I roto i te heke mai, kua tupu tenei āhukahuka ki te rongo pono ao.