Methods mo te tātari titrimetric. momo ine ero. matū tātari

wehea Methods mo te tātari titrimetric e rite ki te whakatinanatanga o te ine ero me te tauhohe matū e kua tīpakohia ki te whakatau i te taonga (wāhanga). I roto i te matū hou wehe i te ine me te tātari kounga.

momo o te whakarōpū

Methods titrimetric tātari tīpakohia te tauhohenga ngā matū. Tei runga i te momo o te pāhekoheko, i reira te mea he wehenga ki faaotiraa titrimetric motuhake o ngā momo.

Methods o tātaritanga:

• , Pitihāoratanga inenga ero; tikanga e hāngai ana i runga i te huringa i roto i te āhua piti hāora o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te rauemi.
• hanganga matatini ko te tauhohenga matū matatini.
• Waikawa-turanga ine ero tā te neutralization oti o nga matū hohe.

neutralization

Waikawa-turanga ine ero taea ki te whakatau i te nui o waikawa pararopi (alkalimetry), ka whakatatau he turanga (atsidimetriya) i roto i te otinga e hiahiatia ana. I muri i tenei tukanga te analyte te tauhohe i ki te tai. A, no te whakamahi i te whakarewa organic (hauwaiwaro, waipiro) ko reira taea ki te whakatau atu matū.

complexation

He aha te mea te mauri o te tikanga o te tātari ine ero? Whakatau tūmanakohia matū i ngā rerenga o te katote hiahiatia rite te pūhui torutoru wairewa ranei tona here i roto i te little- dissociated matatini.

Redoksimetriya

hāngai ana hāora-tangohanga hāora ine ero i runga i te tauhohe whakaiti me te hāora. Tei runga i te otinga titrant kaiwhakahohe i roto i te matū analytic ora ake:

• permanganometry, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te whakamahi o te pāhare pāporo;
• iodometry, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te piti hāora o konutawa, me te te faaho'iraa mai o ngā katote konutawa;
• bihromatometriyu e faaohipahia konurehu pākatirua pūmura piti hāora;
• bromatometry i runga i te hāora o te pāhare pāporo bromate.

tikanga, pitihāoratanga titrimetric tātari me ngā taua tukanga rite cerimetry, titanometriya, vanadometriya. whai wāhi rātou i pitihāoratanga whakaiti o nga katote whakarewa hāngai ranei.

Na roto i te tikanga ine ero

He he he whakarōpū titrimetric tikanga tātari i runga i te tikanga o te ine ero rānei. I roto i te whakatinanatanga tika titrated katote tīpakohia otinga kaiwhakahohe tautuhia. hāngai Tukanga tikanga whakauru ine ero i runga i te whakatau i te wā ōrite eui i roto i te aroaro o pūhui matū. Ine ero o te toenga (tikanga kōaro) e whakamahia i roto i te take i reira ko reira uaua ki te tiki ake i te marama, me ano hoki i te rere puhoi o ngā matū. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakatau i te rauemi pākawa konupūmā te tukinotia paunatia nui te taikaha o te otinga paerewa o te waikawa pūhaumāota.

tātari hiranga

tikanga katoa o fokotuu tātari ine ero:

• faaotiraa tangohia o te rōrahi o tetahi ranei ia o nga matū tauhohe i;
• te aroaro o te otinga titrated, i nei whakamana i te tukanga te ine ero;
• tātari rapunga.

Titrating te pūtake o te matū tātari, na he mea nui ki te whakaaro i te ngā mahi taketake whakamana i roto i te whakamātautau. he whanaunga tata tēnei wāhanga ki te mahi ia rā. Ehara i he i tetahi whakaaro e pā ana ki te aroaro o ngā rauemi mata hua ranei he wāhanga me poke te nuinga, he uaua ki te whakamahere i te mekameka production i roto i te ho'oraa, matū me te ahumahi metallurgical. Kei te whakamahia Fundamentals o matū tātari ki te whakaoti take ōhanga matatini.

Rangahau Methods i roto i te Chemistry Analytical

Ko te matū ahumahi ko te pūtaiao o te whakatau i te wāhanga taonga ranei. Turanga titrimetric tātaritanga - tikanga e whakamahia ana mo te whakamātautau. Ki te to ratou awhina, faka'osi te kairangahau te hanganga o te taonga, te ihirangi ine o te wahi takitahi. Ko reira taea ano hoki i roto i ki te anga matou tātari tautuhi i te tohu o te piti hāora, i te mea he wāhanga o te taonga whakamātautau. I roto i te whakarōpū o tikanga tātari o te matū ki pūkete, he aha te ahua o te mahi e mahara reira ki te mahi i. Ki te whanganga i te papatipu o te toenga hua te whakamahi i te tikanga-kume o rangahau. A, no te te kaha anga matou otinga e tika ana tātari Ineaho. Ko te rahi o te EMF takoto e wāhanga potentiometry wāhanga o te rongoā ako. Ko te hononga ine ero whakaatu whakahaere whakamātau.

Division o tikanga tātari

Ki te tika, te whakamahi i roto i te physicochemical tātari matū, matarohia (matū) me tikanga tinana. Na roto i te tikanga matū i matau noa titrimetric me tātari-kume. He puāwaitanga tikanga rua, whakapau, Kei te whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te matū tātari. Ko te taimaha (-kume) tikanga tā te whakatau i te papatipu o te taonga ranei ona wāhanga wāhanga, taratahi nei te i roto i te āhua parakore, a hoki i roto i te puka o pūhui rewa. hāngai Volume (titrimetric) tikanga tātari i runga i te whakarite i te nui o te kaiwhakahohe pau i roto i te tauhohenga matū tangohia te i te kukū mohiotia. He he he wehenga o tikanga matū me te tinana ki ngā rōpū motuhake:

• whatu (spectral);
• iahiko;
• radiometric;
• tūrara;
• spectrometry papatipu.

ako ine ero pū

Ko tēnei wāhanga o te matū tātari tā ine i te nui o kaiwhakahohe e hiahiatia nei te mo te tauhohenga matū tonu ki te nui o te taonga e mohiotia. Ko te ngako o te tukanga ko e te otinga o te taonga whakamātautau e tapiritia dropwise ki te kaiwhakahohe o kukū mohiotia. Tāpiri reira pumau rite te roa rite te nui e kore e waiho te reira ōrite ki te nui o te taonga e tauhohe ki reira. I tēnei aratuka āhei te tātai tere tiketike i roto i te matū tātari ine.

Ka rite ki kaiwhakarewa technique whakaaro French pūtaiao lusakite Gay. Ko te taonga huānga ranei, i whakaritea i roto i te tauira, tuku ki rite te analyte. I roto kia ratou katote, ngota, herea rōpū mahi Radicals free. tuku tauhohenga haurehu waihā, wai, taonga totoka, e tauhohe ki te matū ngā. Tukanga podlivaniem ine ero ko tetahi otinga ki tetahi i raro i Mixing tamau. He tikanga matua mō te angitu o te tukanga ko te whakamahi o te otinga ine ero ki te kukū pūmau (titrant). Hoki te tātai whakamahia normality o otinga, i.e., te maha o te karamu-ritenga o rauemi i roto i roto i te 1 rita o te otinga. ānau ine ero hanga i muri i te whakataunga.

pūhui matū huānga ranei taunekeneke i roto i te moni taimaha pai-tautuhi ōrite ki to ratou karamu-ritenga.

Taatou faaineineraa titrant i te taimaha o te rauemi tīmata

Ka rite ki te tikanga tuatahi o te faaineine i te otinga ki te kukū tomu'a (titer tautuhia) e taea te whakaaro tika tauira whakakorenga taimaha i roto i te wai ranei i tetahi atu whakarewa me te faatarapape i te otinga rite ki te rōrahi e hiahiatia ana. Ko te titer o te kaiwhakahohe hua taea te whakaturia i roto i te taimaha o te pūhui parakore me rōrahi o te otinga oti mohiotia. I whakamahia tenei tukanga mo te faaineineraa o te rongoā titrated aua matū e taea te whiwhi i roto i te puka parakore, te hanganga o nei e kore e huri i roto i te rokiroki auroa. Matū e whakamahia ana mō te taimaha ipu te taimaha e whakamahia ki te taupoki katia. Tenei tikanga o te whakarite i te rongoā e kore e tika ana mō matū he hygroscopicity nui, me te hoki ki pūhui e tomo ki ngā matū ki haukino (4).

te rua Ko te hangarau ko te takanga o rongoā titrated whakamahia i roto i ngā tipu matū motuhake, i roto i taiwhanga motuhake. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te whakamahi i roto i te pū paunatia moni o pūhui parakore totoka rite te pai kia rite ki te whakamahi o etahi rongoā ki normality. whakanohoia taonga i roto i oko karaihe, ka hiri ratou. Ko te hunga matū e he oko karaihe roto, ka karanga fiksanaly. A, no te mau ana i roto i nga wehenga kaiwhakahohe whakamātau ampule tika i runga i te kōrere, e kua te pūrere rärangi. I tua atu, kua whakawhitia te wāhanga katoa ki te pounamu rōrahi aru e tua o te wai, he nui e tika ana o te otinga mahi.

Kei te whakamahia hoki ine ero he hātepe o ngā mahi. ki tonu puoto takirere ki te mahi otinga rite ki te kore na e kore i ona te raro mirumiru hau. Next, whanganga te otinga pipette ki kia tātarihia, ka kua whakanohoia reira ki te puoto kōrere. Tapiritia ki reira, me te torutoru pata o tohu. Ina e, ko te otinga oti tapiritia dropwise i te otinga puoto takirere mahi aroturuki hoki te huringa tae. A, no te te tae pūmau, e kore nei e ngaro i muri i 5-10 hēkona, whakawa te otinga o te tukanga ine ero. Next puta ki tātaitanga, te tātai o te rōrahi o te otinga pau ki te kukū tomu'a, hanga fakamulituku i runga i ngā.

mutunga

Ine ero taea ki te whakatau hanganga ine, me te kounga o te analyte. Tenei tikanga o te matū tātari tika hoki te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi, kua whakamahia te reira i roto i te rongoā, pharmaceutics. A, no te kōwhiri i te otinga mahi e hiahiatia ana te ki te tango i te pūkete o ona āhuatanga matū me te kaha ki te hanga i pūhui rewa ako taonga.