Ariā pūtau

puritia Opening me introduction o te wā "pūtau" e Robert Hooke. Heoi, te pūtaiao kite reira (pūtau) rite feāvaaki i roto i te ōrite (kākahu) rauemi, i ko te tipu. pūtau kararehe i whakaahuatia tuatahi e Leeuwenhoek nei kitea pūtau toto whero, me te parāoa. Instruments (whārahi), i whakamahia nei e nga kairangahau o te tenetere 17-18 kahore whakaaetia, kia whakapumautia reliably tetahi āhuatanga noa o te hanganga mōkitokito o whēkau o te kararehe.

Ahakoa te meka e nga kai otaota e atu wātea mo te ako, ariā pūtau ko te matauranga marara, me te mea afaro roa. I muri Hooke mea kairangahau e nga kopa whakato i te hanganga motuhake, āhuatanga e te aroaro i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te rerekē ngā pūtau mōkitokito. Ko te kimi i tetahi tukipūtanga i ngā kitenga i hanga na e kore i ranei.

I roto i te rau tau 18, e kore i rangahau mōkitokito hoatu tetahi matauranga qualitatively hou. A tuatapapa i anake ki te timatanga o whārahi hangaia ki tonu. E te rau tau 30, 19 tau o ārahi huaota o te wa tukua ki te whakapakari i te mōhiotanga o te hanganga pūmotu o ngā tipu. Mai e tango te pūtau te mana o "hanganga pūmotu". Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga o te maceration (whaowhia) wawahi te whakaaro e te taiepa noa matūriki mōkitokito. Ko te kupu, kua mutu aivanaa e ko te pūtau he hanganga kati. Ano, kua fakakoloa'i ai ki te tetahi mana motuhake.

Mole G. ko L. H. Treviranus whakakitea e hanganga huawhenua kahore e i kitea e te hanganga pūtau, i hanga e te hononga o ngā pūtau takitahi tuatahi. riro pūnaha Elementary te uara o te wāhanga morphological me whaiaroaro, i roto i nei te pākia e motuhake.

tinana mōkitokito o te kararehe kua kaha ako e te kura me te kura Muller Purkinje. Ngā mihi ki to ratou mahi i te nui nui o te rauemi pono kua kohia.

Tika whakatakoto ariā pūtau o te hanganga o kaiao ko Schwann (kaimātai kararehe German, kairangahau) i roto i te tau 1839. Nā ki te meka i roto i to ratou kaimātai kararehe rangahau e hāngai ana i runga i nga mahi o te huaota Schleiden, whakaaro te muri kei te ki kia tahi-kaituhi o Schwann.

Cell ariā ko te whānui o te raraunga maha e hāngai ana i runga i te ōrite o te kararehe, me te huawhenua hanganga māmā. Kua kï reira me te taua tikanga o ratou hanganga. Ko te kupu, faaite Schwann pūtau ariā te pūtau rite te pūtake mahi, me te hanganga o te taata ora.

I muri, kairangahau M. Badi faaohipa i tenei matauranga i roto i te ako o te māmā. K. Siebold oti (i roto i te tau 1845) te tūranga o te natura pūtau-tahi māmā.

ariā Cell, Heoi, i hou i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. Virchow hoatu mua (pūtaiao Tiamana) he whakapae hou. I runga i raraunga hou, faaoti ia e hanga e he pūtau kei te anake i ngā pūtau preexisting. hoatu hoki Virchow mua te whakapae o te "āhua pūtau." I raro i tenei whakaaro, te kaiao multicellular ngā kōwae āhua motuhake, o nei e nga mahi faufaa i roto i te hononga tata ki tahi i te tahi.

kitea Cell ariā te kotahitanga morphological o te natura waro katoa. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga me te whakatōpū o te ariā o te kukuwhatanga.

hāngai ana ariā pūtau Modern te i runga i ngā tūranga e toru.

E ai ki te tuhituhinga tuatahi, e pā ana te hanganga timatanga te ki te kararehe o te ao. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kī tenei kai e, ahakoa o te ahua o te ora, whakarite whanaketanga hanganga, iranga, me te mahi e anake e te pūtau.

E ai ki te tūranga tuarua, wae timatanga hou e wahi anake i runga i te pūtake o te wehenga i mua-tīariari. I roto i tenei take, te pupuri i te katoa o nga pūtau te mōhiohio koiora taua, te whakamahi i te mōhiohio ki te kawe i roto i ona mahi i runga i te pūtake o te kōtuitanga pūmua.

E ai ki te tūranga tuatoru, hāngai te hanganga wae ki te rauropi multicellular, āhuatanga nei i te te whakahaere nahanaha, me te tapatahi.