Waiwaro Diene: hanganga, te poinanahatanga me te nomenclature

waiwaro Diene (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - waiwaro kukū, i roto i te hanganga te wahi i reira e rua here rua. Whakaaro i te alkadienes hanganga matū e wehea ki e toru ngā momo: pato ahau - he cumulated diolefins here (SN2SSN2); Momo II - alkadienes ki conjugation (conjugated) hononga; E wehea e te here kotahi (N2SSNSNSN2) rua here i roto i te hanganga diene; Momo III - dienes ki hononga kiriweti (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

waiwaro Diene: āhuatanga whānui

O nga momo e toru o dienes nuinga moni ki te momo ahumahi matū II he alkadienes. Mā te irahiko i kitea e te here rua i roto i te rāpoi ngota butadiene i waenganui C1 me C4 he roa atu i ethylene rāpoi ngota.

waiwaro Diene: poinanahatanga

Hoki enei pūhui matū waro āhuatanga e rua ngā momo o te poinanahatanga - mokowā (stereoisomerism) me hanganga. Ko te momo tuatahi - hanganga mekameka poinanahatanga pūwaro e kia tika branched ranei. Ko te momo tuarua o te poinanahatanga he tika ki te localization mokowā o ngota me ngā rōpū ngota huri noa i te here rua. Ko te kupu i hanga i iritihia me cis-poinanaha dienes. Hei tauira, mō te S5N8 tātai diene rāpoi reira e toru poinanaha hanganga:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

waiwaro Diene: nomenclature

Hoki diene ingoa whakamahi rua nomenclatures - hītori (hei tauira, e kite tohu Allen), me te IUPAC (International Union o takahi a Applied Chemistry). E ai ki te nomenclature IUPAC, tuatahi i huaina diene ōrite waiwaro tahi, i roto i te ingoa o nei "en" e whakakapi e te pīmuri "diene", ka tohu nga tau te wahi o localization o rua here i roto i te mekameka pūwaro. kawea taua waiwaro mekameka i roto kia e te tau i te uara i raro. ka dienes o te ture i homai i runga IUPAC me tuku atu ki e whai ake: 1,4-pentadiene; 2-mewaro-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

He he maha o te ahumahi me te tikanga taiwhanga kōtuitanga diene. Ko te hunga matua ko te depolymerization o rapa tūturu (Māturu maroke), te tikanga maroketanga catalytic o ngā hopi, tikanga maroketanga waiwaihā monohydric kukū.

Butadiene - he rauemi raw tino mō te whakaputa rubbers waihanga (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), me te perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - he taonga ki te kakara āhuatanga. isoprene Tuatahi whakaputaina i rapa taiao i te Māturu maroke. I rite hoki Isoprene i maroketanga o isopentane. Whakamahia ki te whakaputa i te rapa waihanga, rongoa me matū kakara.

Rubbers - rauemi rawa kaha, me te rapa o te take waro whakaputaina e te i ngā rauemi tūturu raw (rapa tūturu) me ngā tikanga waihanga (waihanga). Ko te pūtake o te rapa e diene conjugation muingota ki rua here. Ko te potae i hanga i roto i te tukatuka o te rauemi me te whakawera whanariki (vulcanization). Rubbers - he rauemi raw rawa nui mo te hanga o potae me ngongo, te tuuraa i takai, pūāhuru rapa, hu, me te tahi atu tūemi whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi, te whare, kāinga, rongoā hauora, me te kararehe.

waiwaro Ethylenic i roto i to ratou hanganga i tetahi here rua. I te tahi taime e tuku atu enei pūhui ki olefins no ki te waiwaro rua haurehu waihā raro te tauhohe i ki māota pūkeha ranei te hanga i te pūhui hinuhinu, e te hunga rewakore i roto i te wai.

waiwaro Acetylenic (alkynes) - pūhui, e roto i tetahi here, takitoru. Ko acetylene whiwhi nei e te tauhohe i te uara teitei o katoa o alkynes konupūmā carbide ki te wai. whakamahia ana tēnei hau te i fehokotaki'anga autogenous, me te tapahi konganuku. Acetylene - he rauemi raw tino mo te hanga o te ethylene, te waihā, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene, tāpia waikawa, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.