Konupūmā carbide

Ka rite ki te hua o te pāhekoheko o te waro ki te konganuku i carbides temperaturahpoluchayutsya tiketike. Hei tauira, te konupūmā carbide: Ca + 2c → CaC2. O nga carbides katoa kua reira uara nui mahi. CaC2 Pure - pai crystallizing totoka, tioata taekore i hanga katote Ca2 + ko C2-. Ana ingoa atu - te konupūmā acetylide konupūmā carbide ranei. He rite ki te 64.1 g / kamiriona papatipu titiwha. Ko reira e kore te ahua, me te kore wairewa i roto i tetahi o nga whakarewa mohiotia, me decomposes i te mahi o te wai. tona kiato ko 2.22 g / cm³. Ko te pāmahana rewa 2160 ° C me te kohua - 2300 ° C. Ko te tohu o te mana i runga i te tinana ko te taonga tino mōrearea (piha 1 o te ati).

rite acetylide konupūmā tuatahi i roto i te tau 1862 e te kēmihi Tiamana Fridrihom Velerom ka hana ki waro koranu o te konutea me te konupūmā. whakaahuatia hoki ratou i te tauhohe o te konupūmā carbide ki H2O. Ahakoa me ona tohu (hei tauira, makuku kōhauhau) o te konupūmā carbide tauhohe kaha ki te tuku o te nui o te wera. Otiia i roto i te take o te kore o te wai hua autoignition acetylene taea puta. Calcium carbide kaha tauhohe ki diluted waikawa pararopi me wairewa waiwai o kawakore. Ko te hoki tenei te tohanga o acetylene. Te riroraa i te kaihoko whakaiti kaha, CaC2 nehenehe o te whakaora i nga waikura katoa konganuku ki carbides konganuku parakore ranei.

e kore he watea hoki o te konupūmā whiwhi konupūmā carbide, me tona waikura. I pāmahana teitei (i 2000 ki te 2300 ° C) Ko tona ora. E hono ana te whakarewa me te waro: cao + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. e te tukanga wahi i roto i te oumu pewa hiko, he ranunga aano atu ai o kotakota tere , me te Coke kerekere ranei. He tae te hua faufau, kua he tae grayish, no te mea te reira kei poke i roto i te puka o free waro, waikura, me pūngāwhā, te konupūmā phosphide me ētahi atu pūhui matū. CaC2 hautanga Mass reira ko te 80-85%.

I roto i te tauhohe o carbides ki turanga wai ranei whakarewa, acetylene ranei. E ai ki te rua i te whakatinanatanga tauhohe ki te wai te konupūmā carbide. Acetylene, te tauhohe hua e kua faufaa ahumahi: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, ko te hangarau, me te kua he kakara kino, no te mea kei roto te reira i te maha o poke (NH3, H2S, PH3, me ētahi atu). Ahakoa i roto i te puka parakore, ko reira he hau te huitahi ki te kakara huru pai ngoikore, a ko reira rawa wairewa i roto i te wai. He mea nui ki te whiwhi konupūmā cyanamide (he rauemi raw i roto i te hanga o te pūhui cyanide tono rite te tongi ranei) carbide mā te tauhohe i te reira ki te hauota i te whārite tauhohe: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

CaC2 whakamutunga whakamahia whānuitia rama carbide, i mahi rite te puna o te mura acetylene. I tēnei wā, iti te whakamahi o te taua puna marama te nuinga potholing, Kei te whakamahia hoki te reira i roto i faaoaoa ia me tiiramaroa. Ētahi atu wāhanga nui o te CaC2 tono - he hangarau matū, kei hea he reira te rauemi raw. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o ngā matū, te nuinga o ratou he rapa waihanga. whiwhi hoki i te konupūmā carbide pango acetylene, vinyl pūhaumāota, vinyl waikawameha ahetiki, acrylonitrile, ethylene, hauwaiwaro, resins waihanga, styrene. Kei te whakamahia te parahi mo te deoxidization me desulfurization konganuku (whakaiti o te hāora, me te whanariki, aua). Kei te whakamahia te konupūmā carbide mo te hanga o te regulator tupu tipu, he kaiwhakahohe carbide paura (fehokotaki'anga acetylene).

titau takanga ia ton CaC2 e pā ana ki 3 mano KW / h o te hiko. Na reira, e te aroaro o utu iti mo reira whakatikaia reira. Tairanga, Heoi, kei te tipu haere te hanga o te konupūmā carbide ao. Ki te i roto i te 70 o te rau tau o mua, ia tau hua ake ki te 5 miriona taranata, i roto i to tatou rau, kua tupu te tau e pā ana ki te hawhe. Hei tauira, i roto i Haina, te hanga o te acetylene i runga i te konupūmā carbide ko te puna matua o te rauemi mata mo te ahumahi matū, i roto i ngā mo te hanga o te polyvinyl pūhaumāota. Ko te hanga o te acetylene i tona rauemi raw atu economical atu te whakamahi i te hinu kawemai. Na reira, kei te tipu haere tona production i roto i China. I roto i te 2005, tae reira 8,94 miriona tana, a reira ko he faingamālie tūturu ki te whakaputa i 17 miriona taranata.

Rerekē Haina, te United States, Europe ko Japan te tikanga heke konupūmā horomanga carbonaceous. Ko taua te taumata o tona production i roto i te US i roto i te 90 ki anake 236 mano taranata ia tau. I roto i to tatou whenua, hua te carbide konupūmā rite ki nga ngā whakatakotoria atu i roto i ISO 1460-81. Ko tōna kiritaki matua - ko reira Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania me Slovakia. Nā ki te kohi mana tiketike o te hua i roto i te hononga ki te hua i roto i utu o kohi hiko o te konupūmā acetylide i Russia me whenua kaweake hinga i te hawhe.