Baroque o Pita. Āhuatanga o Baroque

St. Petersburg, whakaaro tetahi o te whakaotinga o nga pa nunui o te ao, ko te kōtuitui pono ahurei o nga ngā rerehua o onamata ki ngā kōrero tuku iho Western me Russian. mea Tohunga i këtia tona kāhua toi ihirangi o te wā o tona takenga. I muri i te katoa, i hanga te pa i roto i te tīmatanga o te rautau tekau mā whitu, e kore i taea e nei pā tona ahua.

Hanga i pai irresistible o te tangata kotahi - Petra Velikogo, horomia e ia te kanorau katoa o hoahoanga Pākehā. I hanga tona ahua i roto i te hinengaro o te tsar Russian whakamutunga i raro i te mana o Frantsa Leforta me Vinius - kaipakihi Tatimana, e nona te kohinga nui o peita me tā. He Pākehā a, i roto i ngā ratou, i whakaaturia ana te pa Tatimana i roto i nei tino mārama kitea hoahoanga hauauru o te rau tau 17.

Āhuatanga o Baroque

Tenei hoahoanga, e pā o hoahoanga puāwaitanga mo te wa roa e kore e kite i rite te motuhake, puta i Europa i te tahuri o te mutunga o te Renaissance. Ko te rite ki tona tonu me te whanaketanga. Ki etahi whānuitanga, e taea te huaina tenei kāhua o te hoahoanga ki hoki rapunga whakaaro. He whakaputa me te parori ona āhuatanga matua. te Maueraa o te whakaaro me te taata nei whakatinana nga kaihanga o te wā, hanga i te hanganga he kōrero toi tino ataahua, me te taonga. Tikanga o ngā tikanga ngā hanga e ratou he hanga pono halá.

mōhiohio whānui

"Baroque o Pita" - he wā e whakamahia ana e te hītori o te toi ki kāhua hoahoanga, whakaaetia e Pita te nui. Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira mo te hoahoa o ngā whare i roto i te ka pane - St Petersburg.

I roto i nga tau 1697-1698, tae mai a Pita te nui te Embassy o te Netherlands, ngā Amsterdam. Ko tino aroha o te kingi ki tona tino ara radially-whakaritea, raina concentric i roto i te awa tenei pa. Amsterdam facades takahia mutunga teitei kuiti Gables tapatoru, pourewa ranei tuanui tawhio. āhuatanga Traditional hoahoanga Tatimana o te rau tau 17 e te whakamahi o taua whakapaipai huānga tikanga kurua, rite papa matapihi, ngoto, pou, volutes papa matotoru hoki. hanga tenei e taea ki te hanga i huatau, me te mea hakari ana, ngā ki te pakihi tāú, me te whakapakoko o te pa.

i pōlepole Pita ki te whakaaro e taea e Russia uru te whenua Western ritenga, e whai ake nei te ara Pākehā, tōrangapū kore anake ōhanga ranei, engari ano te whanaketanga nuinga ahurea. Na e te aha i karangatia e ia ki te mahi i roto i tona whakapaipai hou o maha rongonui kaihoahoa, kaiwhakairo me kaipeita.

Petrovsky Maniram

Ahakoa he mārama te ingoa e ratou ahua i roto i to tatou whenua, takoto tenei kāhua mīharo te ki te Hiha Russian tuatahi. Baroque o Pita ko te ranunga o ngā ūnga Italian o te taua ingoa ki te tīmatanga te Classicism French me Rococo. Ia kaihoahoa, nei i karangatia ki St. Petersburg, ko te whakarerenga iho o tona kura hoahoanga. Ko e 'uhinga Baroque o Pita whakaata kore rawa mārama ngā o te wā.

Pita ki te hiahia nui tahuri ratou pa, ki te ataahua tino, a ko te take e i roto i riro he aronga hoahoanga Baroque taketake tona kingitanga. Kua tautuhia Hoahoa me te hanganga o ngā whare i roto i tenei kāhua, Kei te hoki i huaina nei o Pita Maniram, i roto i St Petersburg mo nga senituli i muri torutoru whanaketanga hoahoanga.

āhuatanga

rapu te kingi Russian tuatahi ki te neke atu i te whakarerenga iho o te hoahoanga Byzantine. Ko te wa o te hanganga o te ahunga taka i runga i te rau tau 17. kāhua Baroque o Pita ko te kupu e faikehekehe paku i tona tauira Pākehā. Tuatahi, me te tuatahi ko reira - rationality, te mārama me te tapatahi.

Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga motuhake matua e tohu i te hoahoanga Baroque Petrine - he whare peita-reo rua: whero me te ma. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga - he tikanga planar o te hoahoa.

Ko te whare tuatahi i whare i St. Petersburg, me te whare rakau, i roto i o ratou hanganga rite ki te hauauru hawhe-rākau. ka ui ratou peita te raima. Na reira, i taua hanganga, a tae noa pereki "ki īnaki" taea whakarato i te reliefs iti whakarewa wahi ranei moldings me pou, me nga papa tatau.

kāhua Whakaahuatanga

āhuatanga Baroque o Pita e te whakamahi o ngā āhuatanga o te Tuscan matarohia ranei Korinetia, ahakoa i roto i te tikanga rawa kuware me te ake tawhito. More noa i Russian ohie "matatahi" e whakakapi nga pou me tīwae. hanga Windows architraves ngā momo - te tikanga ma i runga i te papamuri whero, ki te thickening huru, taringa, te whakamahi i i te tihi o te ofa'i faahope. hanga i roto i rustication nga koki o te whare i roto i te kāhua Baroque, a i roto i ētahi wā, me te papa tuatahi,.

kō atu tenei kaihoahoa titiro hakari ana, me te huatau maha kōrero iti hoahoanga pērā i anga, curls me balustrades. Ko te whakamahi o nga wahi e uaki katoa o te kopere-āhua ranei āhua-porohita pediments whakaaro whakahauanga. Ko te kupu, e ngā mātanga, me te roofline taonga.

Ko rite noa, me te tāuta o whakapakoko, me te ipu. I runga i nga titahatanga o kaihoahoa tāuta dormer. Mai te wahi o runga o te whare maha riro te taonga o te silhouette whakapaipai, me te tino mātanga.

kaihoahoa Baroque

i mua ara te taketake o Pita o St Petersburg me ana karere puta noa i Europe ka anga ki te utu tangata ke: kaihoahoa, pā, Engineers. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi e hanga nga whare katoa i roto i te pa i runga i te kaupapa o kaihoahoa ke nei i haere mai ki te mahi i roto i Russia. Na ko te tuatahi i roto ia ratou Domenico Trezzini hanga nga whare tino rongonui o St. Petersburg, e tohu te kāhua Petrine Baroque. Photo Pita ko Paora Cathedral - tohu oraora. Ko tōna pourewa pere ko te tiketike-teitei ngoi Petersburg. Faceted koinga whero o te Cathedral o i'ai rangi kōruru rite te ātete ki whaanui rārangi ãpoko Neva embankments.

karakia tairitenga i roto i te hoahoanga Western tata kahore. taiawhiotia ana e ia anake ki te koinga miro kei i te whare Exchange i Copenhagen, takoto hoki te pūtake o nei te kāhua Baroque. Whakaahua o te muri, Heoi, ko tetahi tohu o te meka e te Arei St. Petersburg paku rerekē: hoki tona rahi me te āhua faceted e rua.

I roto i te kaihoahoa tuatahi nei i hanga Baroque o Pita, no, i roto i te tua ki te Trezzini, ko Jean-Baptiste Leblond ko Schluter, ko JM. Fontana ko Michetti ko Mattarnovi. ka haere mai katoa o ratou ki a Russia i te aniraa o Pita. hopoi mai ia kaihoahoa ki te ahua o ratou whare i raro i hanga iho, noa i roto i tona whenua, te taketake o te kura, i māngai. āta, te āwhina ki te kawe i roto i o ratou kaupapa taukei nga whakarerenga iho o Pākehā Baroque me kaihoahoa rohe pērā i Michael Zemtsov.

Rerekētanga i Moscow Baroque

he angamaheni hoki St Petersburg Baroque o Pita. Waho enei whare he iti rawa. I roto i ngā, i te Menshikov Tower, hanga i roto i te Moscow me o Tallinn Kadriorg Palace.

Haunga te aronga Naryshkin i Moscow, Pita te nui, te aroaro he makanga koi o te iho Byzantine, te nuinga te hoahoanga Russian o tata tekau tenetere, Kei te āhuatanga i reira i te hangarite me te toenga. Wehe o te pokapū hanganga, iridescence me te paraire i roto i te whakapaipai, tatau matapihi tairanga, me te tapawhā, parehua tuanui ki te whati - enei āhuatanga katoa o te kāhua Baroque, ko roto i te honore o te kingi tuatahi, ka te tapao o whare maha Pita.

tauira nui

I teie mahana, tūruhi e haere mai ki te whakapaipai raki, i te whai wāhi ki te mauruuru i te mahi o te ringa kaihoahoa e mahi i roto i te wā. Petrine māngai Baroque te konei e maha whare pai-mohiotia. Ko tenei a Pita ko Paora Cathedral, Alexander Nevsky pakiki, Whare Ma Piti Colleges ki te whare raumati o Pita ahau, Schluter Chamber, Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, i mahi i runga i te hanganga o te iwi maha: Mattarnovi, Kiaveri ko Zemtsov. Ko hoki Creation o te muri te Ekalesia o Himiona, a Anna.

I te moutere o Vasilevsky ko tetahi tauira o te whare i roto i te Baroque - te whare rahi tuatahi i roto i St Petersburg. Ko reira te noho o te Kāwana-Tianara i whakahaerehia pōhiri ki a haere te Runanga. Ka rite ki te tauira angamaheni o te whare taonga, ka mahue te paruru matua o te parepare, tohu hoki te hanganga te Petrine Baroque.

Kotahi tekau ma rua whare Colleges

Tata ko tetahi tohu hanga i roto i tenei kāhua hoahoanga. Tenei Whare Ma Piti Colleges. Kaihoahoa Trezzini ko te ara tino taketake ki te whakaoti i te raruraru fai e Pita. Tenei whare i roto i te kāhua Baroque, i te mea he ma rua whare rite whakaritea i roto i te raina i muri ki tetahi ki tetahi, i roto i te kauhanga roa noa, totoro hoki e toru rau e waru tekau mita. Ia wahi e te tuanui motuhake. I roto i tenei take, homai Niniiraa mooni breathtaking o Gables toutou me ngä i roto i te paruru, pou me architraves i roto i te paruru kukū whero me te ma i te hanganga i te tirohanga nui.

hoahoanga Landscape

Ka taea te kite i ngā āhuatanga o Baroque kore anake i roto i ngā whare i hangaia i roto i taua tau. No ngā iti he whare me ngā pāka. Tenei, hei tauira, mohiotia ki te Summer katoa Garden, i whakatakotoria i roto i runga i te ahua motuhake o Pita; Peterhof ensemble, e hāngai ana i runga i nei, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, ko nga mana'o o te emepera Russian tuatahi i ona toronga ki Versailles. I teie mahana, e ratou rawa nui urupa o architecture whenua.

Summer Garden i te ngana ki te hanga i te kingi o te papa nui "te tahi mea hanga." I te reira i te puna e whakaoho ki nga kaupapa o nga korero tito noa a Aesop, ka tāuta i roto i te taiwhanga motuhake kitea ana i nga karikari i roto i te Roma, a ki te uaua nui kawea ki Russia whakapakoko o Venus - te mapere tawhito tārua Roma o te taketake Kariki. manuhiri kari, kaore he aweretanga, i ki kihi te mapere matao o te atua etene. Ētahi atu whakapakoko me busts kua tāuta i te huarahi, me te "i Versailles."

Palace raumati

Tenei māngai kanapa o te Petrine Baroque iti, me te tino māmā i roto i ngā o te tahora. Ko reira tino hāngai ana ki tona mahi - whakarato o ngā whai wāhitanga ki te hararei uri kingi.

karanga ētahi iwi tenei pou ki a Pita kāhua Baroque o te nui e tika ana ki tona rahi iti, "te whare Russian tuatahi." Ka rite ki e rua he kaihoahoa me kaihoahoa, whakahaua D.Trezini te hanga o te whare i roto i nga tau katoa e wha. Ko te pati-reliefs i runga i te waho hanga e te kaupapa pūrākau. Ko te whāinga ko Trezzini haereraa o wikitoria i roto i te Pakanga Northern. I mua ki hono to'utangatá, a haere maitai tiaki whakairo whakapaipai oki me te wōnati pania i roto i nga peita roto, me te tuanui.

I roto i te mutunga

Ahakoa te meka e te whakaaro te reira e kore rawa ake ki tona ingoa, Baroque o Pita i roto i ona ake ara motuhake. Ki te katoa tono mārama kitea, hopoi mai tenei kāhua te rota o pükenga. Ano, e kore e nga whare o taua tau i analogues i te ao, he taketake ratou. Ko te facades o nga whare, ahakoa ngā ohie, engari i te wa ano huatau, me te rawa māngai. e kore e ratou i whakapaipai mōmona, me te taimaha, a ka tae te faaiteraa i te kōrero iti.