Bartolomeo Rastrelli, te kaihoahoa: haurongo, mahi. Smolny Cathedral, te Winter Palace, Stroganov Palace

Kaihoahoa Bartolomeo Rastrelli - kaihanga o maha whakaongaonga, whare ataahua. Ko tōna whare, me whare karakia e patu i roto i to ratou whakahi, me te kororia, te whakakake me rangatira nunui o. E kore te mea poitirere tenei. I muri i te katoa, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, tona biography ko o te pānga ki te maha pā o hoahoanga hou, hanga, ka hanga hoki fetaulaki'anga.

Poto e pā ana ki tamarikitanga

Matamua Bartolomeo Franchesko Rastrelli i Paris, i te tama a te toi pūmanawa, me te pai-mohiotia Itari Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Tenei tupu hoki i roto i 1700, i whakarite ai France Louis XIV. Kingi nui mauruuru tona toi marae, na haere iti tamarikitanga Francesco ki te mauruuru, me te whai.

tupu te tamaiti rawa mahira, me te uaua. pai ia ki te mahi i te tahi mea ki o ratou ringa, pai ki te pee i tona papa, me te Hōne ratou pūkenga.

Moving i Russia

I muri i te matenga o "Sun Kingi" riro Carlo Rastrelli he fakaafe i te marae Russian i runga i te mahi-tau e toru i roto i te rangatiratanga raki. I te wa, ko reira tikanga kaimahi pūmanawa ki te haere ki te mahi i roto i Russia, na Rastrelli, Sr., kahore whakaaro rua, huihuia tona hapu, a haere ana ki a St Petersburg.

tutaki Capital manene pai. Te whānau noho i roto i tona whare ake, koa te faatura me te honore. Pita ahau, whakaritenga pukumahi o te pa hou, tukinotia ki kaimahi pūmanawa aroha, me te atawhaitia. ka kite ia ratou kaha me te pūkenga o ngā mātanga tukua whakahau, aru e pai, utu pono kingi.

Ko te timatanga o te auahatanga

Mai i te kuao tau mahi Bartolomeo Rastrelli i mahi zodcheskoy nui i raro i te arata'iraa, me te mātakitaki o tona papa. Hei tauira, whai wāhi ia i roto i te otinga o etahi o te whare o Prince Menshikov - hihiri me te mana-hiakai hoa Emperor Pita.

Ko te mahi āhua motuhake tuatahi e Bartolomeo Rastrelli (i te ara, i roto i te Russia, he kuao kaihoahoa ko Patoromu Varfolomeyevich) ko te hanganga o te whare e toru-papa o te kohatu tūturu mo te rangatira rongonui, Statesman me te mataotao Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira.

E kore kua te kaihoahoa homai tona whare tuatahi etahi āhuatanga motuhake me ngā āhuatanga. No, hanga te whare i roto i runga i te kāhua whänui ana te whakaaetia o Pita ahau, ko reira tūturu i roto i te tini o te rōrahi, te mārama o te wahapū me te flatness o te paruru. Ka whiriwhiri tō kāhua ake o Rastrelli muri.

I roto i te 1720 tau, haere he kaihoahoa tuhi rave rahi mau taime ki France me Italy ki te mōhio ki te ngā ahua hou, me tohutohu i roto i te toi o te whare.

nekehanga tōrangapū

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1930, i te ata o te kingitanga Anny Ioannovny, Rastrelli, faaoti tona papa ki te whakatū i tētahi hononga hou, a haere ana Empress ki tona whakarongo, tango tana tama ki a ia, me te tuhi huahua.

Te kuini taitamariki, tiaki ki te kororia me te huatau, atawhai ka mau kaihoahoa pūmanawa a whakaratohia ratou ki te honore, ki te mahi i te hanga o tona whare ake. Na te kaihoahoa taitamariki ki te whai wāhi te wehewehe ia i te aroaro o te Empress. Katoa o ana kaupapa kua whakaaetia, ka whakatinanatia.

Ko te hotoke Palace

Ki tīmata te haerenga mai o Anny Ioannovny kaihoahoa tukuna ki te mahi puta noa i tona ora - i tukua e ia ki te whakaoti i te whare o te kingi matua i roto i St Petersburg. He aha hanga Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Te Winter Palace, hanga i roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1700, au ra iti, me te kitea te Empress, pera ia oaoa tangohia te mahere hao o te kaihoahoa faauruhia, kia rite ki nei i te reira tika ki te hoko hoki wha tu tata te whare, a i roto i to ratou wahi ki te hanga i te matatini fare nehenehe.

I oti he tau torutoru i muri i te whare, me i mua te aroaro o nga kanohi o St Petersburg iho pai hanga whare wha-kōrero, tona paruru anga i te awa Neva, ka wāhi tata e whitu tekau ruma kāwanatanga me mo kotahi rau rūma, me te whare tapere, taiwhanga, fare pureraa, me te rota o te mahi, me te tiaki i te whare.

Kua angitu a nui te whare kua whakapaipai, i te pou a tawhio rusticated me whakairo pediment, a katoa te papa tuatahi o nohoia e te taiwhanga nui ki haurangi te whare.

Ko reira taa'eraa i Rastrelli ki te whakaputa ke kotahi ano te Winter Palace. A e rua tekau nga tau i muri mai, i roto i te kingitanga o Elizabeth.

kitea te Empress hou te noho matua o te Romanovs paru, me te kore e tika ki to ratou mana. hiahia ia ki te whakapiki ake i te tiketike whare me te roa. Ko reira tika ki te wahia te whare, a i roto i tona wahi hanga i te hou, atu e tika ana mo te fariiraa o minita ke, me o te whakanui.

Ko te hanganga faahiahia o te Winter Palace hou, i hanga i raro i te mātakitaki o Bartolomeo Rastrelli? Ko te whare kaimahi rima rau ruma me hipokina te wāhi o ono tekau mano mita pūtoru.

Palace he āhua tapawhā nui, e nohoia roto te kōwae mua, me te nui, maitai retracted paruru, i rite rawa ki te tīwae whānui wehea me rahi matapihi, casings matapihi o ngā āhua, me te maha te ipu me pou, whakanohoia ki runga i te parapets.

Ko reira taa'eraa e te tirohanga hou o te Winter Palace, hoki e mohiotia ana te Hermitage, he tata rawa hāngai ki te kaupapa whakamutunga o te kaihoahoa nui.

Ko te kaihoahoa mō Biron

I roto i te 1730 tīmata Bartolomeo Rastrelli ki tata kōrero ki Biron - he tino o Anny Ioannovny. I raro i te Tuhinga o te kaihoahoa kingi o te Hiha uncrowned riro te kaihoahoa o te Empress nāianei. E te ara, Elizaveta Petrovna, i muri i rima nga tau, i haere mai ki te mana i roto i te tukipoto whare, koa ano nga ratonga o Rastrelli rite te tino kaihoahoa.

Hoki Biron whakawhanake kaihoahoa me te mauria ki waho kaupapa mo te hanganga me te Mitavsky Rundale whare kingi. Here, hanga te ariki he hanga tauine gravitating ki te hanganga kati, ai te huānga tino ko elongate tinana pokapū.

Ki ia koe te tuhi hou whakawhanakehia Bartolomeo Rastrelli me pai ake, ngā rārangi me ngā tūāhua e hoko atu kirihou me te te tauturu.

Mahi i runga i hanganga. Anichkov Palace

Ki te taenga o te rangatira i muri o te kaihoahoa pūmanawa ka anga ki te puta whakahau ngā me te monamona, tetahi o i ko te otinga o te hanga i runga i te awa o Fontanka, tīmataria e te kaihoahoa Zemtsov. haere ki raro hanga Luxury, whakaturia i roto i te kāhua Baroque, i roto i te hītori rite te Anichkov Palace. mātakitaki i Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli te hanga me te mahi o ngā hanganga rerekē, te āhua rite te reta "H".

Mahi i runga i hanganga. Peterhof

Ko te tikanga i muri o Rastrelli ko faaapīraa o Peterhof.

Elizaveta Petrovna hiahia toku ngakau katoa ki te whakapai ake me te whakarangatira i te noho o tona papa mate. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka mea ia ki te pupuri i te ahua o te kāhua o te whare a Pita me te huru o te wa, Heoi, ka mea ki te he tapakuha, te hanga o te hanahana hou, me te tauine.

Bartolomeo Rastrelli, i taea e ki te whakawhānui me te whakarerekē i te matatini whare, mahue tona whare pokapū ngangahau tata tonu. I runga i nga taha o taua mea pania tinana, a whakaturia teneti hou, tūhono ratou ki ara ātaahua, me te hanga i runga i te toru o nga patunga witi, me te kua whakawhanakehia te pūnaha park picturesque.

Ko te tuhaa tino mīharo o te roto o te Peterhof - he tapawha ki-reo rua whare mua arapiki, te whakapaipai ki te mutu whakapaipai.

Here i reira he mea katoa - ngā gilding utu, me te peita huatau o taiepa, me te stucco, rakau whakairo, me te rikarika ki.

Mahi i runga i hanganga. Tsarskoye selo

Ko tētahi atu kaupapa whare nui, i ia ki te kia kimautolu ko, ko te whare kingi raumati, kei roto i Tsarskoye selo. tawhito-pupuku rawa me iti whakaaro ia Empress.

Eaha te mau tauiraa i ki kia hanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i te Catherine Palace? Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te kingi hanga he hanganga o te kāhua Baroque Russian, e tohu i kore moni e kore tetahi atu tikanga. Ko te whakapaipai o facades me whakapakoko i neke atu i te kotahi rau manokaramu o te koura.

I roto i te tukanga o anō te kaihoahoa oho te e'a rahi i roto i te taha ki te tonga-hauauru o te whare, e tuu i te whakaroa o whakarara pātata ki tahi i te tahi whare kawa; faahohonu nga kapiti o matapihi, te hanga i te tākaro taonga o te marama, me te whakamarumaru; facades whakapaipai ki stucco me whakairo ki te whakapaipai ratou i roto i ngohengohe tae koura puru, me te taonga. kua homai tenei katoa te whare tino o Empress nui e mea hakari ana, me te whakapuaki aronganui kaha.

kaupapa hou

Heoi, ko te mahi hoahoa e Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli kore iti ki te hanganga o ngā kaupapa ke anake. hanga te kaihoahoa tona ake drawings pūmanawa, me te taketake, i hanga te papai me whare kawa. Ko tētahi o ēnei hanganga ko te Smolny Cathedral. rite Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli reira i roto i te kāhua Erihāpeti Baroque timera me toi, whakarākai me Gables dormer ka pania i roto i ngohengohe te tae puru marama.

Ko te matatini o te whare karakia i hanga rerekē, me te motuhake. whakaturia Cathedral rima-domed, engari anake te kikorangi kotahi (he te rahi nui rawa) tika pā ana ki te temepara, i te tahi atu e wha he pere.

Ko tētahi atu mahi pūmanawa o kaihoahoa ko te Stroganov Palace. ngā Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli e toru ngā whare ki tetahi paruru noa, te pokapū o e kua whakapumautia he whakamahau ki te koti o ringa, a ka kawea i roto i te nuinga o e'a rahi whakapaipai ki stucco taonga, me te parahe mahi kohukohu rino, me te taiwhanga nui, te whakapaipai ki te whakairo tataitia me whakaata nui.

Roto te whare noho i te wāhi whare rahi o kotahi rau e rua tekau ma waru mita pūrua.

auahatanga ahiahi

Ki te mate o Elizabeth tapoko ki te warewaretanga nunui, me te kāhua Baroque utu, na Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli i ahau i roto i o mahi. I whakakapi te reira e te rangatira hou haere mai, atu mōhio i roto i toi o nāianei. Hapa whakahau me te ite mau fifi pūtea, faaoti te kaihoahoa toulekeleká ki te ui mo te poroporoaki me te haere ki Itari, tōna tikanga hoki maimoatanga hauora.

Here te kaihoahoa kauwhau rapu mō kiritaki, engari e kore e mahi i te reira. I roto i te whakarara ki tenei Rastrelli pūmanawa haapii ia e te tautapatia Catherine ki tetahi atu kaihoahoa. whiwhi Heoi nui Italian rīhaina pouri me te penihana tika i roto i te mano moni.

Fakataha ki tona hapu (i te kaihoahoa ko te wahine aroha, me te rua tamariki) Rastrelli mahue Russia. Te taha te ara tutaki ia ki tona kaiwhakaruruhau tu'o Biron ka tonoa ki tona whenua i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga hou i a te whakapai ake i te taonga o te Regent mua o te Russian Empire Courland.

Kei te mea te reira e riro i te mahi whakamutunga o te kaimahi pūmanawa he kaupapa o te Ekalesia o St. Himiona ko St. Anna, i te aroaro ki te kaimahi tukuna iho ki te Tatau Panin ki te ui kia utua o ma rua mano. Heoi, e kore e te tatau whakaaro reira e tika ana ki te whakautu ki te pitihana Rastrelli, ahakoa hanga e ia te hahi i roto i runga i te tuhi, i muri i te matenga o te kaihoahoa.

ra whakamutunga

Ko te tau whakamutunga i mua i tona mate, puritia te kaihoahoa nui i roto i te te warewaretanga me te noho takitahi. Ko te ao o te toi te kore e hiahiatia tona hanganga hou, ka ui kahore tetahi ia e pā ana ki ngā kaupapa hou, me ngā whare. He mea pouri, me te depressing tiaki ia atu ratou ra i te toi pūmanawa. Rawa pouri ko tona ora i muri matenga o tona wahine.

Tumu kōrero me fakaanga tae noa te mutunga e kore e mohio ki te rā tangohia o te mate o Rastrelli. Īhaka, ka mate ia i roto i Maehe-Paengawhāwhā 1771. Tona wahi o te tanumanga ko tonu unknown.

Heoi, i mahue ia i muri i te kainga tupu nui, utu nui, me te whakapaipai - ana mahi nui e kua haere i roto i te mau tenetere, me mate. E tonu ratou tangane'ia'ia me ahuareka ana manuhiri i huri noa i te ao.