Domenico Trezzini: he haurongo o te kaihoahoa tuatahi o Petersburg

Ko te kaihoahoa tuatahi o St Petersburg Domenico Andrea Trezzini pau rawa i te ora roa. I roto i Russia, kua kitea e ia he whare hou, me te ingoa whānau. hanga ia i roto i te St Petersburg he maha o ngā hanganga hoahoanga nui e kua tākiekina hoahoanga Russian i roto i te whānui. Na kei te inaianei e taea maha te kite tona ingoa i roto i te pukapuka o raruraru te wahi e faaere ākonga ki te mārama "pehea hokona kāpehu Pita Lopushin me Domenico Trezzini." Ko te haurongo o te kaihoahoa - he wāhanga o te hītori Russian.

Childhood me te Whānau

Ko te ora, me te rawa e pā ana ki tona tamarikitanga iti rawa te mohiotia Domenico Trezzini. I whanau ia i roto i te kainga Swiss iti o Astana, e tata ana Lugano Tessinsky Canton i 1670, he mohiotia he rā atu tangohia. haere mai Family i rangatira Italian kotahi noho i roto i Trezzini. I te wa o te whanau o te tamaiti, noho ana matua i roto i Switzerland, a i te tikanga rawa ataahua. Otiia ko whakakake o ratou takenga te whānau, ka whakanohoia te tomokanga ki to ratou whare i te koti o ringa i roto i te puka o te ripeka o te St Andrew, te puka French.

hanganga

Ahakoa te meka e ko poto o moni Domenico Trezzini te utuafare, ano faaoti ratou ki te hoatu i te tamaiti i te mātauranga. Canton Ticino, i te mea te kāinga ki te rota o manene i Itari, rongonui hoki ona kura toi, me te hoahoanga. Mai i tenei tauwāhi ko reira e pā ana ki 150 he āhua pai-mohiotia kaihoahoa Pākehā. Na reira, ko te whānau Trezzini roa puputu'u mo te aha tikanga ki te hoatu i tana tama. A, no te oti ia ana ako i te kura rohe, ua faaoti te mau metua e hiahia Domenico ki tonu ratou mātauranga ki te tiki i te wahi tika. I taua wa, ko Italy te pokapū o te mātauranga hoahoanga, i reira e rua nga wahi o te Center o te mātauranga mō ngā kaihoahoa: Roma ko Venice. Mai i piri me iti Venice, hinga te kōwhiringa i runga taua mea. haere Domenico ki taa te tikanga i roto i tenei pa ki runga ki te wai, a muri riro he tau torutoru te tuhinga hiahiatia whakau tona tohu. Na ko reira tika ki te kitea te mahi.

Fakaafe i Russia

I roto i Itari me i tona Huiterangi taketake ki te mahi kahore i Domenico Trezzini. I taua wa, timata te Danish Korol Kristian te Tuarima hanga nui-unahi - tikanga ia ki te hanga taiepa a tawhio noa Copenhagen. I haere Domenico ki Denmark, i reira ko tetahi huringa o te kāwanatanga, me te kingi hou Frederick kihai i te tuawha hiahia ki te utu mahi Trezzini. Ko Domenico ano i kitea tetahi wahi, ka mahi ia i runga i te hanga o taiepa i roto i te 4 tau. I aua ra, i waenganui o Denmark ko Russia i mutu haumi hōia, me te i rave rahi nunui Russian i roto i Copenhagen, a ka rapu hoki te tohunga mo te whakatinanatanga o Pita te nui. puritia Russian Ambassador Andrey Izmailov mau a'oraa ki pihi kaihoahoa, tohunga i runga i pā. i korero Trezzini utu teitei i, "aranga ki" me te utu ara i muri ia "Ka whakaatu i to ratou toi." Katoa o tenei ko neke atu i whakamatautau, kaihoahoa taitamariki, ka whakaae ki te haere ki te whenua tāwāhi pērā i Russia.

parepare

hiahiatia wawe Russia taiepa ki te tiaki i to ratou rohe ki te Swedes. Otiia kihai i tohunga o te kōtaha taua i roto i te whenua, me te kore kupu whāinga me kaihoahoa me Engineers ki waho. I roto i te 1703, he arawai i Copenhagen ki Arkhangelsk haere Domenico Trezzini. Na ka whakatika ia ki te wahi o te whanau o St Petersburg, a noho i roto i te whakataunga Kariki. Ora i konei a he rerekē manene, i rite ki nga pukapuka o to'utangata, kahore tetahi pai e kore Trezzini i mohio me pehea ki te hīraurau i ā rātou tautohe me ngā raruraru. Ko te kaupapa tuatahi, i whakahau ano e te kaihoahoa - Fort Kronshlot i nga wai o te Gulf o Finland. kaha ia ka mau ki runga ki te mahi, me te mo te marama torutoru, ahakoa te te rerekē kaihoahoa mo te reo makariri, me te tauhou, i taea e ki te hoatu i te pourewa tona kapa. Ko reira rerekē hoki meinga te whakarerenga iho Russian o puka me te hanganga maha tuôraa taetuí. Heoi, ko te whakaekenga tuatahi o nga Swedes whakakitea e oboronosposoben Fort me reira tino faateitei Trezzini i nga kanohi o Pita te nui. I roto i te honore o te wikitoria i roto i Narva, faaoti Pita ki te hanga ki reira hanahana Arch i te tikanga o te iho Roma. Ko te kaupapa fekau'i 'e ia Trezzini. kuwaha mano me mua ka Trezzini te īngoa "Pita", kua meinga e ratou he tohu tūturu o ringa Russian, me te tino koa te Russian mua. Na hanga ana e ia he hoki ki te wahi o te hanganga Trezzini St Petersburg, a ki te mahi i te hanga o te pa.

pa a Pita ko Paora

I te moutere o Hare mo te maha o nga tau i reira kua mahi - i whakaarahia Pita ko Paora pourewa. i tonoa Domenico Trezzini ki te whakakapi i te hunga mate kaiwhakahaere pae hanga Saxon kaipūkaha Johann Kirhenshteynu. E taua wa i whakaturia, nga taiepa matua rakau, i te mataaro hou ki te whakaoti i hanga i runga i kronverka motu pirihi, tangohia te taiepa kaha, kitea te ara ki te whakaiti i te kawenga i runga i te whakapakari o te poipoi i roto i nga waipuke, me sieges. whakatakotoria Domenico te kohatu tuatahi o nga taiepa pereki, me te mātātoa rātou i roto i te hanga. Ka ka e huaina a Pita, a Paora pourewa reira te whare matua o tona ora. Na roto i te tikanga o Pita whakaturia te pa tatau "i roto i te tikanga o Narva", te whakatū taiepa, hanga ake te makasini paura, pa. meatia tenei katoa kei te tino nūpepa me rahi. pinepine e farerei i te kingi te pae hanga me i pai ki a ia te ahunga whakamua. whakakaha Trezzini ratou tūranga i te marae Russian.

Trezzini ko Northern Capital

I muri i te mutunga o nga mahi nui i roto i te pa kaha o Domenico Trezzini, tona biography te inaianei ake hono ki Russia, riro he tikanga mo te whakamahere o ngā wāhi noho o te pa. noho Buildings o te kaihoahoa o taua wa iti, engari te tau whakaaro te whanui, me te hanahana o te haputanga. Whiwhi kaihoahoa Tīmata taka i runga i te "rakau" wā o te pa, e kore e tukua ai te ariki ki tino whakaatu o ratou aravihi, heoi whakamahia ki te whakaaro me te hanga i roto i te kohatu ia. I whakaritea te reira i atu mau ohipa i whakamana e ia ki te fatongia nui. Otiia kihai i Pita whakarite i ratou mau fafauraa, e kore ia whakaarahia te utu kaihoahoa, ahakoa i roto i te timatanga me te kupu whakaari. Trezzini kore engari i amuamu, engari i ētahi wā te oti'ati'a ui whakarei utu. Ka Works i runga i te whakaritenga o te kaihoahoa pa kia whai wāhi noa te mutunga o te ora. Ko haunga tenei, kua whakatakotoria e te kingi ki runga ki a ia, me te tahi atu mau fifi tāone kua whakaritea e e te kaipūkaha ki whakahonoretia. Tuatahi, ka kore he kaupapa hōia o te kaihoahoa te whare karakia i roto i te pa. I muri mai, ka anga ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te metarahi me kua hoatu te rota o te kaha me te whakaaro i roto i te whakamahere i te pane a Northern.

Pita ko Paora Cathedral

I roto i te 1712 ka timata Domenico Trezzini mahi i runga i te kaupapa o Pita ko Paora kohatu karakia hei utu o te hahi rakau. Ka rite ki te kaupapa o te pa kohatu, ka te karakia he kupu hou i roto i te hoahoanga Russian. I te whare i whakaritea i te raruraru rawa nui: kua waiho e ia i te tohu o te Russia hou, te ngakau o St Petersburg. Cathedral noho te whare teitei i roto i te wahi hītori o te pa a tae noa 2012 me he tonu he tohu nui o te opuaraa Petersburg. I roto i te Cathedral tikanga hoahoa - hanga Pākehā tino Western. He tino me laconic tona ahua, wā e te pourewa pere maha-ATE. Ko te kororia katoa i roto i te whare karakia. noho te reira i te urupa emepaea me te nehenehe iconostasis tataitia. Ko te roto rite te staterooms tino whakapaipai ruma kingi. i taea e ki te ite i te whakaaro o te kamaka o Pita Trezzini - he wawata mō te kaha, me te tiketike o te wairua.

motu Vasilevsky

Kaihoahoa Domenico Trezzini i roto i te 1715 hanga he mahere mō te hanga auau o te moutere o Vasilevsky. Kua kore i tiaki te nuinga o nga whare i runga i ona kaupapa, engari tonu te parau tumu i te whakamahere taua. hiahia a Pita ki te waiho i runga i te motu o te hauwhā whakahaere o tona kāwanatanga hou, a ka whakahau Trezzini faaineine no tenei ruma. I teie mahana, te whare Ma Piti Colleges, hangaia e Trezzini, ko te tauira o te Baroque a Pita, te tupuna o i ko te kaihoahoa Russian uri Swiss-Italian. Hoki i runga i tona kaupapa i runga i te motu i hanga reira Gostiny Dvor, kihai i ora ake ki o tatou ra.

ake whare

ka korerotia e Pita te kaihoahoa ki te hanga i te whare kohatu tuatahi mō te ora me te kia ora i roto i reira "no te tauira." Kei te whare i runga i te parepare o te moutere o Vasilyevsky ka riro he "kaupapa tauira", hoki i kawea te tauira i roto i maha nga tau i muri mai St Petersburg hanga. Ko reira he tauira o te Petrine Baroque, āhuatanga nei i te he mahere auau, rationality, wāhanga whakamana-i ngā ki ngā āhuatanga Baroque, tāú, me te laconic whakapaipai waho o ngā whare. Te whare i muri Nōna te hanganga iti, engari i tenei ra ko te taonga o te University parepare.

Buildings i St. Petersburg

Domenico Trezzini i St Petersburg hanga e rave rahi whare, etahi o ratou kihai i ora ake ki te ra nei. Ko taea te kite koe i te whanui i te taranata o te kaihoahoa i te pourewa o, i roto i te whakamahere o Vasilyevsky moutere me rawa ona hīkoi, te Summer Palace o Pita ahau i roto i te Summer Garden, te matatini o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki. I te 1726 ka timata ia ki te ako i te roha o te Winter Palace o te emepera Pita i te Winter Canal, hanga te rua o nga whare o te whare. whai wāhi hoki Trezzini i hianga me hanga o te hoehoea te whanga.

Pānga i runga i Trezini hoahoanga Russian

I runga i te whanaketanga tāone Russian kaha te awe e te maha o kaihoahoa ke, tae atu Domenico Trezzini. nuinga ka Wae Petersburg ona whakawhetai ahua ki tona whakaaro. timata ia ki te hanga kaha i runga i te oneone Russian i roto i te iho Pākehā. O te akoranga, ako ia te mau parau tumu o te hoahoanga Russian, engari nui o ratou puta. Na i tenei ra he aha Petersburg titiro rite Pakeha, Ko te nuinga o tika ana ki Trezzini. kawea ano e ia ki runga i te kaihoahoa tino Russian M. Zemtsov, nei i te rota mo te whanaketanga o te hoahoanga motu, me te ahua o St Petersburg.

tūmataiti

e toru nga wa Trezzini i marenatia. Ko te wā tuatahi ia marenatia atu i runga i te ara i Venice ki Switzerland. I roto i te faaipoiporaa i ia toru nga tamahine. Ko tana wahine ko ia i roto i te ringa o Russia. I runga i te wahine tuarua o te kaihoahoa kore e mohiotia, engari i roto i tenei faaipoiporaa ka e ia te tama-maoro-hia Pita (Pietro), ko tona matua wairua ko te Hiha Pita te nui. Pietro muri riro he kaihoahoa, a ka mahi ano i roto i Russia, ki M. Zemtsov. Ko te toru o te faaipoiporaa i te roa rawa me te pai mo te kaihoahoa. Maria Carlotta - wahine o Domenico Trezzini, e noho tahi ia noa tona mate, ka hoatu e whanau ki te tamahine a te kaihoahoa me tama tokowha.

Tawhito me te mahara

Tae noa ora i tenei ra 16 whare Domenico Trezzini i St. Petersburg, engari tona tukufakaholo matua - he whakatakotoranga o te moutere o Vasilyevsky me te hanganga o te titiro whakapaipai Northern. Otiia kihai i tino mauruuru nga mua, me te ingoa o te kaihoahoa kua ite e rave rahi ngaru o te warewaretanga. Ko te puta tuatahi i muri i tona matenga, a roa tata 100 tau. Mō mahara ia ka timata ratou ki te whakahoki i etahi o te hītori o whare St Petersburg. Na ka wareware ano e pā ana ki reira mo te 30 nga tau. Puhake o te pānga i roto i reira puta i roto i te hononga ki te hanga o te History o Art Russian. Ano, haere tona ingoa ki te warewaretanga mō te wha tekau tau. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19 kei te piki mahara reira, ako ana whakaaro kāhua. I teie mahana te ingoa tuhituhia te Trezzini i roto i pukapuka katoa i runga i te hoahoanga Russian. I tonu te nuinga kotahi ano o te iwi i roto i Russia tīmata ki te mahara tona ingoa. Te āhua, ki te whakatika i tenei he tutu, i roto i pukapuka kura i roto i te pāngarau i reira ko tetahi raruraru i roto i nei toa Pita Lopushin me Domenico Trezzini. Na, mea papû e, faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru e ki te whakaputa moni i roto i te whakatupuranga o muri i roto i te aamu o te whenua, me ona tikanga. Ahakoa nga hua kitea o te kaihoahoa, i roto i Russia tonu kua tona ingoa e kore e whakaingoa i tetahi huarahi ranei rohe, ara motokā ranei. I i te kāinga i roto i Switzerland, te wahi tau 17 anake i ora ia, i roto i tona kororia, ki te whakaingoa i te huarahi pa nui. I te mutunga o te rau tau 20 i reira ko te whakaaro ki te hanga i te tohu Domenico Trezzini i St Petersburg. Ko anake i roto i te 2014 i roto i St. Petersburg, i te pae hopea, i reira ko he tohu i roto i te honore o te kaihoahoa tairanga. Trezzini fakatupu tenei ra he wahi o te hōtaka whakahauanga i roto i te ako o te hoahoanga Russian, no te mea kahore taua mea i te ahua o St Petersburg ko Russia e kua rerekē kua.