Ako Pre-kura, me tona tūranga i roto i te whanaketanga tuakiri

Ia paraparau tatou no ako i kotahi te hopoia whakaaro te kaiako kura tino ki mōhiti me te atatohu i roto i te ringa ahorangi whare wānanga hina-hina ranei, päpäho e pā ana ki te mātauranga wisdoms. Ko ako - he kore noa he mātauranga te kura, me te mātauranga whare wānanga. I teie mahana, e kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te ako kura-mua.

ako mua-kura - he peka o te pūtaiao ako, e tuatapapa i te whakatipu me te mātauranga o te kōhungahunga tamariki. Ko, ko reira te turanga, te turanga o te heke mai o te takitahi. Ko te aha ki te kōhungahunga whakaritenga pedagoam rawa, tiketike rawa.

Na ka anga ahau ki te hanga i te kura-i mua i te ako rite te pūtaiao i raro i te mana o te pai-mohiotia pūtaiao-kaiako, tetahi o te "matua" o ako, Yana Amosa Comenius. Ia te tuatahi ka whakatata whakarongo ki te meka e hiahia tamariki rite rite tatou ki te mea, "ki te whai wāhi i roto i" i whanau, e anake he huarahi whānui i roto i te aupururaa e te mātauranga homai hua tika. ratou whakapae katoa i runga i tenei mea, me nga tikanga taketake o te kōhungahunga ako, tona mahi me te tūranga i roto i te hanganga o te tangata fakamatala'i ia i roto i te pukapuka "School matua", e kore i nei ngaro tona hāngaitanga i tenei ra.

Tūmahi o kōhungahunga ako kaua obschirny. Tuatahi, tenei ako me nga whakapai kounga o te tukanga mātauranga mō te tamariki taitamariki. Tuarua, whai wāhi ako kōhungahunga i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā puka hou me ngā tikanga o te mātauranga, me te mātauranga, e whai wāhi mahi rangahau, te whakahaere tamataraa hinengaro, me te mātauranga me ngā. Ko te mahi matua o te takii katoa ko te ki te mahi tika ki te tamaiti, te hanganga o tona whakaaro, whakapono, ngā tautōhito, aravihi ki faaite ake whaiaro, takoto te turanga mo te mātauranga anō, me te whakangungu.

ko view mua kia homai te tamaiti kia ki te whakawhanake i samostotelno, haere te rārangi i roto i nei e waiho reira pai, "kore ki te pokanoa ki te natura", a ka fakatonutonu katoa kaiako kura kua. hi'opo'a-e tamariki rasli mo te wahi tino. Ki te whanaketanga o te whakaaro tangata, e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te hinengaro me te ako, kua nui haere te moni i roto i nga wa e inaianei taea tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki te wāhanga o te hanganga o te tangata, timata i te whanau, kua meinga ako kōhungahunga he wāhanga o te ora o tetahi cheloecheskogo hapori. Te reira i tere whakawhanakehia i roto i te mutunga o te 19 - senituli 20. mana motuhake i runga i tona whanaketanga a Zh.Zh.Russo, nei i whakanuia auaha i taua wa te whakaaro o tūturu mātauranga, mātauranga mahi; Pestalozzi, e prevozglashal te parau tumu o-te whanaketanga whaiaro, F.V.Frebel, e riro te theorist o tiaki kōhungahunga me te kapinga i whakatapua o tenei take wahi tino o ratou pepa pūtaiao. Te reira i whakatuwheratia Froebel te tuatahi i roto i te tau 1840, i mua-kura, i whanau te ingoa o te Kindergarten (mooni ki Nemec - kindergarten), i reira te turanga o te mātauranga whakaaro whakatauira, tūranga-tākaro, me te whakawhanake i ngā kēmu.

whakawhanakehia kōhungahunga ako kore whakawhetai anake ki whakamarama Western. He wāhi nui ki tona whanaketanga i hanga e mua. Hei tauira, kua whakawhanakehia Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, e kiia nei ko "kaiako o ngā kaiako", he pūnaha whakangungu kaiako, i kō atu nei te ki te torutoru tonu i roto i te te whakamahi i tenei ra. taunaki Ushinsky te whanaketanga o te katoa, me te tahi o te tuakiri, mō te kore ki te whakaraupapa i te whanaketanga o etahi 'ulungaanga mo etahi, mo te mātauranga o te morare.

Korero o ako kōhungahunga, e kore e taea e kore ki te whakahua Adelaide Semyonovna Simonovic. ko ia e kore e noa te theorist o te mātauranga kōhungahunga (pukapuka tuhituhi "ngā kōrero Practical e pā ana ki te takitahi me te mātauranga pāpori o ngā tamariki taitamariki" tonu ki te whakaputa rite "kindergarten"), engari ano hoki i te mahi - mahi i roto i kindergarten i Tiflis me Petersburg. Ano, kua whakatuwheratia e ia he kindergarten utua i roto i St. Petersburg, i reira kua kï te mahi ana ariā e pā ana ki te faufaa o te kotahitanga o tinana, me te wairua.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ko rawa kōhungahunga ako he ara roa, me te i ēnei rā ko reira te tukanga o tona whanaketanga kaha.