Irakētanga rite te take i roto i te kukuwhatanga

tukanga irakētanga o whanaketanga ko tetahi o nga wahi tino nui o te whanaketanga. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, te tīmatanga kua reira he pānga kino i runga i te tohuāhua o takitahi. Heoi, ka rite ki te ngoikore e hakari ngā irarā whakarerekētia, te tikanga i roto i harotoroto ira i roto i ngā tohuira iraruakē i te pūwāhi e tika ana. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou atu te tūranga o te tukanga irakētanga i roto i te kukuwhatanga.

Overview

Irakētanga - he huringa ohorere i roto i te monoraa i whakapataritari huringa mahi, me te hanganga koi o te rauemi ira. whakaritea whakamutunga ki te raupapatanga o ngā āhuatanga ngā i te pae rāpoi reira i roto i te ira ki te pūira me genomes. Irakētanga - pēhanga i runga i te take taupori. No te mea rerekē reira te auau o tetahi irarā whanaunga ki te tahi atu.

pānga pai

Nā ki te aroaro o ngā irarā mutant i roto i te puna ira i roto i te tohuira iraruakē waho te pānga kino tika i runga i te whakapuaki o te huru tohuāhua whakahaeretia e te e te ira.

Nā ki te kaha ranu (heterosis), he maha ngā irakētanga i roto i te āhua iraruakē whai wāhi pinepine ki te noho tuwhera tonu o te rauropi.

Na roto i te rokiroki ngā irarā, e kore e nei whai uara urutau i roto i te taiao hakari o oraraa, engari e taea ki te hoko i te reira i roto i te heke mai, te whanaketanga o ētahi atu niches kaiao ranei ranei, i hanga i te rahui o rerekētanga.

Meaning o irakētanga

Hiranga ko te mea i te takanga tamau o huringa māhorahora me ngā puta ona i roto i te whiti ngā hou o ira, me te panoni. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, e arata'i ki whakatikatika i roto i te taupori tupuna. мутационного процесса состоит в повышении генетической гетерогенности. Ko te tūranga o te tukanga irakētanga ko ki te whakapiki ake i heterogeneity iranga. Heoi, i waho te whai wāhitanga o ētahi atu āhuatanga, e kore te mea te reira i roto i te tūranga ki te ārahi i te hurihanga o te taupori tūturu.

элементарного материала, резерва изменчивости. Irakētanga - he puna o timatanga rerekētanga rauemi rāhui. Ko te ahua o te huringa he āhua tauanga, me te probabilistic. mahu'inga whanaketanga o te tukanga ko ki mau tonu te heterogeneity tiketike o taupori tūturu, whai wāhitanga i roto i te hanganga o ngā irarā me te putanga o ira hou. hanga tukanga irakētanga te whānuitanga ki tonu o te rerekētanga o te poka ngā ira. I tona rere tamau kua reira Anga-kore, me te āhua matapōkere.

pū

происходит на протяжении существования всей жизни. Irakētanga e wahi mo te roanga o to ratou oraraa. Ka taea e ētahi panoni puta wa maha i roto i ngā kaiao rerekē. Ko raro i te mana tonu o te tukanga irakētanga poka ira. wāhikē tenei e te tūponotanga nui o mate i roto i te maha o te huringa wae o whakatupuranga. оказывает относительно небольшое давление на отдельно взятый ген, при большом количестве последних генетическая структура подвергается существенным изменениям. Ahakoa kua te tukanga irakētanga te pēhanga ngā iti mo te ira takitahi ki te maha nui o hanganga ira tata te whakamamaetia nui huringa.

Ko te tikanga me nga hua

Ka rite ki te hua o te whakawhiti tonu i reira he maha ngā o ngā irarā. Combinatorial iranga toutou titiro te uara o irakētanga. tomo ratou ki puta genomes hou i roto i te rerekē taiao tohuira. Ko te maha pea o taua ngā o rauemi ira i roto i tetahi taupori he nui. Heoi, mohio reira anake te wahi iti o te maha takahi pea o kōwhiringa. whakaritea te whakatinanatanga o te hea e te huinga ahurei o tata katoa takitahi. He tino nui mo te whakatinanatanga tenei take o te kōwhiringa tūturu.

whakaatu āhuatanga

Irakētanga he whanaketanga rauemi timatanga. He maha ngā momo o ratou: genomic, pūira, ira. I roto i te āhuatanga o mau faaiteraa o irakētanga kia tohatoha ratou expressiveness. whakaata te reira i te tohu o te tohuāhua pakeke. I tua atu, i te irakētanga āhuatanga o penetrance. Ko reira te auau o mau faaiteraa tohuāhua i roto i te kotahi irarā o te ira ngā i roto i te taupori ahakoa o expressivity.

irakētanga ira

tohu ratou te raupapa panoni nucleotide. Irakētanga i roto i tenei take e taui te āhua o te mahi ira. Ko te tikanga i reira he he hurihanga rāpoi, meinga pānga tohuāhua. Tera pea e i roto i te tetahi ira i roto i te waehere ira motuhake i waehere TTC mō te waikawa glutamic. A, no te whakakapi anake te nucleotide kotahi, Ka taea e ia te tahuri ki te codon GTT. e kore e whai wāhi ia i roto i te kōtuitui o te waikawa glutamic me glutamine. He rerekē nga rāpoi ngota pūmua taketake me te mutant, a pea ka meinga reira rerekētanga tohuāhua tuarua o te huru. Ka puta te tukuruatanga tangohia o nga irarā hou tae noa ki taua wa rite kore te huringa hou ka tupu. A, no te ira irakētanga te kupu i reira ko te raupapa mamaoa ranei o ngā huānga huirua. Ka taea e te mahi koe i te mutunga whakamuri. tikanga te aroaro o te allelic rerekētanga i te ira ngā e ko te reira i te tetahi wa e mutated.

ato'a

Iraruakē tohuira diploid, "he DNA puku" - mea katoa ko te rore hoki irakētanga. A, no te , te hope'ao te ino o te waehere ira te rarity o te takanga o panoni kōrero e pā ana ki reparations. kia puta tukanga Mutational i roto i nga kaiao ora ngā i te tetahi auau. E tika ana kia ranea ki te meinga i te huringa i ai e te taupori kia whakaaturia ki te taumata hou. E kitea ngā irakētanga i roto i ngā nohanga. kia whai wāhi ētahi o ratou i roto i te tukanga hītori o te whanaketanga o ngā kaiao ora, whai wāhi ki te hanganga o te taxa hou. Irakētanga ahu ki te puta ki waho i te whakawhitinga, discretely me koimutu. ka kia kotahi pūmau tenei huringa. Kei te tuku te reira ki uri. e kore e ara irakētanga directionally. kia taea e te taua huringa e rave rahi taime tukurua.

Ko te uara urutau

Te nuinga o nga mutants hou rerekē oranga tonutanga tino raro atu i te / momo noa mohoao. Ko te kupu e whakahuatia reira ki rerekē nekehanga, i mohio ki te subvitalnogo hawhe-whakamate, me te whakamate huru. I roto i te tātaritanga o te noho tuwhera tonu o te ngaro Drosophila mutants puta i huringa i roto i te pūira X, 90% o te mau taata i reira i raro i noa. I roto i te 10% o te kāwanatanga supervitalnoe i kitea ai - nui haere te ora. I roto i te whānui, i te uara urutau o nga mutants puta, te tikanga iti. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te whaipainga mahi o ngā āhuatanga morphological me hua, tonutanga whaiaroaro.