Stern Experience - ako whakamātautau o te ariā rāpoi-nekeneke

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau tekau mā iwa, te ako o Brownian (huru) nekehanga o ngā rāpoi ngota meinga te ngākau nui o maha physicists ariā o te wā. Whakawhanakehia e te kaiputaiao Kotimana James Maxwell ariā o te hanganga rāpoi-nekeneke o te mea ahakoa i te tikanga mohio ai i roto i te hapori pūtaiao Pākehā, engari i reira i anake he puka hypothetical. No mahi kua whakapumautia reira na kihai i reira. Ko te kaupapa o ngā rāpoi ngota noho uaua ki te mātakitaki tika me te inenga o te whakaaro tōnoa ratou tere noa te take pūtaiao.

Ko ngā e taea i roto i te mahi ki te whakamatau i te meka o te hanganga rāpoi o te taonga, me te whakatau i te tere o te kaupapa o ona matūriki e kitea, te tuatahi i kitea e aha rite faufaa. i kitea faufaa mahu'inga o taua ngā mo Pūtaiao, rite taea reira ki te tiki i substantiation mahi, me te tohu o te mana o tetahi o nga ariā tino matatau o te wa - te rāpoi-neke.

Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, kua tae te pūtaiao ao te taumata rawaka o te whanaketanga mo te putanga o nga taea tūturu o te manatoko whakamātautau o te ariā o Maxwell. ahupūngao German Otto Stern i 1920, te faaohiparaa i te tikanga kurupae rāpoi, i whakaaro e te Wīwī Lui Dyunoye i 1911, te tau, te whakahaere ki te whanganga i te tere o te kaupapa o te hiriwa rāpoi ngota hau. Experience Stern irrefutably whakamatauria te tika o te ture tohatoha o Maxwell. Ko nga hua o tenei whakamātau whakapumautia te aromatawai pono tikanga velocities ngota i rere i te whakapae hypothetical hanga e Maxwell. Pono, e pā ana ki te āhua o te wheako nui-tere hurihurihanga i taea ki te hoatu mōhiohio anake rawa taratara Stern. i ētahi atu mōhiohio pūtaiao ki te tatari tetahi iwa tau.

Ki te hanga pū nui te ture tohatoha taea tirohia Lammert i 1929, e rave rahi ake wheako Stern mā te haere i te kurupae rāpoi i roto i te rua o tītaka kōpae, i rua toropā ka wāhikē whanaunga ki tahi i te tahi i te tetahi koki. Na roto i te rerekē te tere huringa o te kōwae me te koki i waenganui i te rua, i taea te taratahi Lammert i te rāpoi takitahi o te kurupae, i whai rerekē mahi tere. Otiia ko reira te wheako o Stern tohua te timatanga o te rapua whakamātautau i roto i te mara o te ariā rāpoi-nekeneke.

I te tau 1920 i hanga te tatūnga whakamātau tuatahi mō ngā o tenei ahua. Tuhinga reira o te rua o ipurau, hangaia fakatāutaha e Stern. Roto te pūrere i whakanohoia konukawata tokotoko angiangi ki te paninga hiriwa, a ka e mimiti e te para tuaka hiko. Kua hanga nga tikanga mārua i roto i te kōwae, i te kurupae kuiti o ngota hiriwa tū maka tapahia wāwāhi wä roa i roto i te mata o te rango, ka noho i runga i te mata motuhake waho. O te akoranga, ko te mīhini i roto i te nekehanga, me i te ngota tae te wa mata ki te tahuri i roto i te tetahi koki. I roto i tenei ara, Stern ka takoto te tere o to ratou kaupapa.

Otiia ko reira kore noa te paetae pūtaiao o Otto Stern. He tau i muri mai, apiti ake ia ki whakahaeretia Walter Gerlach he whakamātau, i whakapumautia te aroaro o te whatu o ngota me ki te whakamatau i te meka o ratou quantization mokowā. ui Stern-Gerlach whakamātau te whakatūnga o te tatūnga whakamātautau motuhake ki te kaha aukume pūmau i tona turanga. I raro i te mana o te papa autō i hanga e tenei kaha wae matūriki timatanga e whakakotititia takotoranga rite ki o ratou ake miro autō.