Zhivkov Todor: biography, te utuafare

Zhivkov, ko Todor Hristov he kaitōrangapū Bulgarian me te rangatira o nga tau maha (i 1954 ki te 1989) o te Bulgarian Party Communist. Neke atu i te nga tau 35 o te kaiārahi rōpū, ko ia te tūranga whakatau-hanga pokapū i roto i te whenua: te Pirimia (1962-1971) me te Tiamana o te State Kaunihera o o nga People Republic o Bulgaria (1971-1989), arā de märena a de haamamae, ko ia te upoko o te kāwanatanga.

He whakamārama, mātauranga me te taitamarikitanga

Ko te wāhi o Todor Zhivkov? ka anga tona koioranga Mahuru 7, 1911 i roto i te kainga o Pravets, e tata ana Sofia, i roto i te utuafare kaiahuwhenua. I te tau 1928 honoa e ia te Bulgarian Communist Youth League, e te tata e pā ana ki te Kaimahi Bulgarian 'Party (BRP). hanga tenei whakahaere tōrangapū ture i muri i te kanga i roto i te 1924, ki te Bulgarian Rōpū Communist, tū i roto i te Mahuru 1923 whakatikanga ake patu hopu mana i roto i te whenua.

puta Todor Zhivkov i te kura nui teina i roto i Pravets i 1929, me te ka ako i te 6 (i teie mahana 10 th) tau o te kura nui i roto i Botevgrad. Na ka noho ia i roto i Sofia, te wahi i parau tuite e ia i te kura nui, ka haere ki te mahi rite typefounder te whare tā kāwanatanga tāone.

Ko te timatanga o ngā mahi tōrangapū

I roto i te 1932 ka Zhivkov Todor he mema o te BRP. Ia hohoro riro te mema o te Komiti Party Sofia me Hekeretari o te Tuarua Bureau Komiti. ko tona ingoa raro "Yanko." Ahakoa rāhuitia BRP me i me ētahi atu rōpū tōrangapū katoa i muri i te whakatikanga ake o Mei 19, 1934, engari tonu ki hei te National Assembly, ko Zhivkov i te wā ki mu'a 'i whai wāhi i roto i tona mahi, i te wa ano e rite ana hēkeretari o te komiti ā-rohe o te CVT i Sofia. Mai i Hōngongoi 1938 ki Whiringa 1942, i te piri ia i roto i te tahi mau kainga Bulgarian (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) me tana wahine Maroy Maleevoy, e mahi i roto ia ratou rite te GP.

Ko te whakawhiti ki te pakanga patu ki te kāwanatanga

I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ko nga porowhita tikanga o Bulgaria ahu e Tsar Boris hoa o Nasí Germany, homai te rohe motu ki te tuu i ona hōia. whakaekea hōia Bulgarian i whakaatu Yugoslavia me Greece i whawhai i runga i Britain Great me te United States, engari i te wa ano kua whakahaere Bulgaria kore ki te haere ki te whawhai ki te USSR.

Kominiusi Bulgarian ki te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, ka anga ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake ope pakanga. Mai Pipiri 1943 Zhivkov Todor whakaritea te whakatau o te Komiti-rohe Sofia o BRP i te mema o ngā kaimahi o te Sofia Tuatahi te rohe operative tutu. Ko fakasiokālafi reira whakahaere t hanganga. karanga. o People Liberation Army, hanga i roto i te Maehe 1943. Hei wāhanga o te rohe whakahaeretia e rua Pirikēti kōaro, tekau wae me ngā rōpū whawhai. Zhivkov ko te māngai mana o ngā kaimahi o te rohe rite te kōaro "Chavdar", ka anō i roto i te ropu kōaro taua i raro i te whakahau o Dobri Dzhurova mahi i roto i te takiwā o Sofia. I roto i te wā kaumātua, he maha hoa Zhivkov Pirikēti "Chavdar" noho tūranga rangatira i roto i te whare āhua Bulgarian.

Ko te ärai o te mana i te Kominiusi

Na roto i te timatanga o Mahuru 1944 i roto i Bulgaria tonu ki te hei hōia German rite ona hoa, ahakoa te kāwanatanga, ka ui ratou withdrawal. Mā te tenei meka, te kāwanatanga Soviet 5 Mahuru 1944, whakaaturia whawhai i runga i Bulgaria. Mahuru 8, ka mau 1944 hoia Soviet o te mua Ukrainian Tuatoru i raro i Marshal Tolbukhin me te Black Moana tāruru te pa i runga i te rohe Moana Black Bulgarian, whakaekea te wahi hoia kahore resistance. Ko te ra i muri mai (Mahuru 9) maunu Kominiusi i Sofia, a hurihia te Muravieva kāwanatanga e te ra i te aroaro o te whakapuakanga o te whawhai i te Soviet Union faaoti ki te whakapuaki whawhai i runga i Germany, engari kihai i whai wa ki te rave i te reira no te mea o te roa o nga kaiwhakahaere tari hōia e pā ana ki te Kominiusi. Ki te rahua hinana tōrangapū Muravieva rūnanga, e whai i te Soviet Union ki te kawe ōkawa ngā hōia ki te rohe hoariri i roto i Germany, i pai kua meinga e fakafepaki i ona hoa Western.

Ka rite ki te hua o te mau ohipa o Mahuru 1944 i roto i te Bulgaria mo te hawhe rau i kingi e te Pāti Communist, a meinga rangatira o te whenua, Georgi Dimitrov, i roto i nga tau kotahi tekau i mua i te rongonui mo tona whanonga maia i runga i te tukanga Leipzig rongonui. I te wā whakamutunga o te hōia Bulgarian te whawhai whai wāhi i roto i reira i runga i te taha o te Soviet Union, a whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai i roto i Yugoslavia, Hungary me Ateria.

Ara mahi rōpū i muri Mahuru 9, 1944

Mai i Mahuru ki Whiringa 1944 ko Zhivkov Todor te matenga tōrangapū o te kaimahi o te nga tangata Militia, a ka toru nga Hekeretari o te Sofia City Komiti o te PDU. February 27, 1945 ka e ia he kaitono mo te Komiti Central o te mau melo o te rōpū. Mai i Hānuere 1948 ko ia te hēkeretari tuatahi o te Sofia City Komiti o te PDU rite te pai kia rite ki te tiamana o te komiti pa o te fatherland mua, i roto i nei, anake nga Kominiusi, ka ngā etahi atu rōpū Bulgarian. I te rima o nga Congress o te BRP, puritia i runga i Hakihea 27, 1948, pōtitia ki te Komiti Central o te Pāti, i whai te ingoa o te Bulgarian Party Communist (BCP). Zhivkov Todor tonu anō-pōtitia i roto i te tino aratai o te BCP, tae noa ki Hakihea 8, 1989, i te mea kua peia e ia i reira tino.

Way ki te tihi o te rōpū o te kaha

I roto i te Oketopa 1949, arahina Zhivkov Tari whakahaere me te ture o te Komiti Central o te Bulgarian Party Communist, i Hānuere 1950, ka ia hēkeretari o te Rōpū Communist, a i roto i Noema i pōtitia ia hei mema kaitono o ona Politburo. Mai i Hōngongoi 1951 ki Whiringa-1989 Zhivkov - he mema o te Tōrangapū Bureau o te Komiti Central Party. Head o te te Komiti Central Party Uepu mai 1953.

Heoi, te mana mau i roto i te rōpū, i tīmataria e ia i muri reira April Plenum o te Komiti Central (2-6 April 1956), e tohu te timatanga o te fifi tuakiri debunking Vylko Chervenkov tata hoa Georgi Dimitrov, e mate i roto i te tau 1949. Tchervenkov i 1950-1956 gg. ko te Pirimia o Bulgaria, a i roto i te tau 1950-1954 - te kaituhituhi whānui o te Komiti Central o te BCP. whakakitea e ia mateaki whiriwhiringa ki Stalin I roto i tona kingitanga, ki runga ki te whakatau i te kāhua o tona whanonga me te ahua.

I muri i te matenga o Stalin, ka āta neke ki Zhivkov te mana o te rōpū i Chervenkov. Tuatahi i whakakorea reira pou o General Hekeretari o te Komiti Central, a i muri i te ono o Party Congress (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov i pōtitia ki te pou hou hanga o Hekeretari Tuatahi o te Komiti Central o te Bulgarian Party Communist (puritia reira ki runga ki April 4, 1981).

Ko te huinga o pou rōpū me te kāwanatanga

Mai i 1946 ki te 1990. I pōtitia Zhivkov tuarua o te National Assembly (Pāremata). Whiringa 19, 1962, i whakakapi ia e Anton Yugova rite pirimia. puritia e ia tenei pou noa Hōngongoi 9, 1971, i te whakakapi ia e Stanko Todorov.

Mai 1971, ka Zhivkov heamana o te Kaunihera hou hanga o State o te Republic o Bulgaria (i roto i te meka te upoko o te kāwanatanga). puritia e ia tenei tūranga tae noa ki 17 Whiringa 1989.

tata ka Bulgaria te käwanatanga 16 o te USSR

Hakihea 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov rite te BCP Central Komiti Tuatahi Hekeretari me te Pirimia fakatāutaha aroaro i te plenum o te Komiti Central o te tono Bulgarian te tono ki te Komiti Central o te CPSU i te pātai o te pūtahitanga atu me te hanumi, o o nga People Republic o Bulgaria me te Soviet Union heke mai, hanga reira te käwanatanga 16 o te Soviet Union, ko te kupu hoko i te riri ki te motuhake te whenua o. whakamoemiti plenum Central Komiti te tono kia rite ki "he faaiteraa faahiahia o te mea ïa, me te internationalism", e ka whakaara i te "auhoaraa fraternal me mahi tahi whānui i waenganui i to tatou whenua, me te Soviet Union ki te taumata hou." Ko te kaupapa "ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, tōrangapū, me te wä mo te whakakotahitanga oti o matou whenua fraternal rua "i paahitia whakaaetia ai i te wātū taara ka hainatia fakatāutaha e Todor Zhivkov, engari i paopao e te Soviet Union.

Wāhanga i roto i te pehanga o te Prague Spring

Ko te whakatau i runga i te whai wāhitanga o Bulgaria i te wawaotanga hōia i muri i te Prague Spring i tangohia e te Kaunihera o Minita, tiamana e Todor Zhivkov. I tukuna te reira i te runga-ngaro Kaunihera o Minita ta № 39 o te NRB 20.VIII.1968 ki te hihiri o te whakatau i roto i te puka o "ki te whakarato āwhina hōia ki te Pāti Communist o Czechoslovakia me te iwi Czechoslovak". whai wāhi te mahi hōia nga Tuhinga hoia 12, me te 22th taua 2164 tangata me te ope taua tank ki 26 mihini T-34.

Tangohanga i tari

I roto i te 1989, he maha o whenua o nga Kominiusi puni hapori ngaro te mana rite ki te hua o takaí me coups, tīmataria e te vaivai whānui o te Soviet Union me te tūranga whakamutunga o te tautoko ōhanga i tona taha. E kore kua reira mawhiti te whakarau noa me Bulgaria. I te Noema 9, i te hui o te Tōrangapū Bureau o te Komiti Central o te Bulgarian Party Communist Zhivkov Todor rihaina i tona pou rite rangatira rōpū, te ra plenum i muri o te Komiti Central, i whakaaetia tona rīhaina, ka tūtohu ki te National Assembly ki te tuku ia ia i te pou o Tiamana o te Kaunihera State. Whiringa 17, ngaro Zhivkov me tenei pou. I roto i te Hānuere 1990, ka hopukina ia, ka kawea ano ia ki te maha o tukuaki'i o te tūkino o te kaha. Nā ki te meka e te mana i roto i Bulgaria ki 90 tau o 20 st. tiaki hoki i te mua Party Communist, whakaingoatia te pāpori Party, t. e. noho i roto i te ringa o hoa teina Zhivkov, kihai i rite ki nanakia rite te rangatira o te Romanian Communist Ceauşescu tona aitua. Tae noa 1996, ko Zhivkov raro whare hopu, te take ki a ia kia whakawakia puhoi, ka tupu te rongonui o te rangatira o mua i runga i te whakamārama o te taumaha āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua. Otiia i kē ia tino tika ai kihai i hū. I roto i August 1998, he iti i mua i te tau o 87, ka mate ia o te hota.

Todor Zhivkov: Whānau

I marenatia e te kaitōrangapū (ki Hōngongoi 1938) i Mare-Jivkova Maleeva, e mate i roto i 1971 i te mate pukupuku. i ratou he tama, me te tamahine. tamahine Todor Zhivkov a Lyudmila (kite. Photo i raro), he kōrero toi Bulgarian rongonui, hoki e ono nga tau rite upoko o Komiti o te kāwanatanga Bulgarian i runga i Toi me Culture. mate ia i roto i te 1981 i te patunga i.

Ko tonu te tama a kaitōrangapū Vladimir ora, ko tana tama i roto i te honore o te koroua rongonui i Zhivkov Todor. Mokopuna o Politika Evgeniya (te tamahine Ludmila Zhivkova) ko he kaitōrangapū Bulgarian me kaihoahoa, e iwa nga wa (2001 me 2009) i pōtitia ki te National Assembly.