Gerald Ford: kaupapa here roto, o waho (poto), te haurongo, whakaahua

Hono ako i te hītori o te United States, e mōhio tetahi kaipānui tahuri e te iti ako ko te peresideniraa o Gerald Ford. Otiia i muri o te Ao te Tama'i Rahi II, i tenei wa i roto i te ora o te tangata kaha mana kua pea te tino fakamamahi.

Ngā āhuatanga o te wā wā i raro i te peresideni Forde

I roto i te meka, te hua i roto i te hara, me te raruraru ōhanga nui haere raruraru i roto i te hapori. Nui haere te tokomaha o te iwi ereraa i te ti'aturiraa i roto i te mana, a whakama i roto i te hapori American. Te Whitināmu War me tona mutunga, kiki hoki te kāwanatanga US, aggravates te āhuatanga.

Ahakoa tenei, ko te peresideni Ford taea, whakawhetai ki te huru marino me whārite, ki te whakahoki whakawhirinaki tūmatanui i roto i te peresideniraa, me te whakapakari i te tumanako mo te heke mai pai. I roto i tona peresideniraa, i roto i te tau 1975, i hanga e ia he rere Soviet-American tahi o te hōtaka "Soyuz-Apollo" ki tauranga waka ātea. Te faaineineraa mo te hui timata i raro i Nixon. I tua atu, i te wa ano i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite whakanui te 200raa o te Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga American.

Otiia, e kore i te reira nui ki te whakaara i te mana o te Rōpū Republican, turakina e te Watergate, i haukotia Gerald Ford ki hei peresideni mo te wā tuarua.

Gerald Ford: He Haurongo o te wā o te tamarikitanga, me te taiohi

Gerald Rudolph Ford, e toru tekau-waru o nga peresideni o te Hau Amui no Marite, e mahi i 1973 ki te tau 1976, i whanau Hōngongoi 14, 1913. ka mau tenei hui wahi i roto i Omaha, Nebraska. Boy ko Leslie Lynch kingi. I muri i te wa poto wahia ake te whānau. Mother o te matenga o heke mai te Tari Porotītaha, moea e Dorothy Kingi te rua o te wa. Tenei wa ko reira te kotahi kaihokohoko whiriwhiri Gerald Rudolph Ford, tuatahi i tona oire o Springs Grand. Ko te kupu, Leslie Lynch Kingi, kotahi tahuri, whakawhetai ki a ia pāpā, i roto i Gerald Rudolph Ford.

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ko taitamariki Gerald he matataua, i roto i te raupapatanga o te whakahaere, ka haere ia ki te tihi, ka tiki i te ana'iraa rawa, Eagle Scout. Ko te whutupōro kura rōpū taiohi, me te ka ko tetahi tangata taitama he rangatira. Tākaro whutupaoro, kihai ia i hoatu e ake me i te wā o te ako i te University o Michigan.

I puta ia i roto i te mater alma i roto i 1935, tonu te tangata i mau i ana mātauranga ki Yale University te kura o ture. tu'ite - 1941.

Haurongo Gerald Ford i te aroaro o tona taenga i roto i te kaupapa here nui

I muri i te urunga US ki te Pakanga II o te Ao, ka haere Gerald Ford ki te akoranga motuhake, i reira rite te whakarite he kaiwhakaako hōia i hoia.

I roto i te 1943, ko Ford Kaiwhakaako mahi mo, a ko reira ki runga ki te 1946 mahi kawea i runga i te kawe rererangi "Monterey." Tenei kaipuke, i te Pacific Ocean, kua whai wāhi i roto i te maha o ngā mahi hōia ki te Japanese Imperial Navy.

E haere mai ana i roto i te kararehe, ka hoki Gerald Ford ki tona pa o nikau Srings, te wahi i timata ai ia te mahi kia rite ki te mahi ture. Katahi ia faaoti e ia e pai Kia taumau i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū.

Whai wāhi i roto i te ora tōrangapū o te whenua i roto i te wā i mua i te taenga mai i roto i te Tari Porotītaha

haere mai ahau 1948. kaitono o Ford whakaingoatia e te Rōpū Republican i te Whare o ngā Māngai o te US Congress. Ki te wikitoria i roto i enei pōtitanga, ka anga ka tona mahi i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū. I toutou pōtitia Ford ki tenei tūranga mō nga tau maha, tae noa ki 1973.

E noho ana i roto i te Whare o ngā Māngai, whai wāhi he kaitōrangapū i roto i te tūhuratanga o te kōhurutanga autaia o te peresideni Kennedy i 1963. whai wāhi Warren Komihana i roto i te mahi, me tona mema kaha Ford i. Heoi, tatü motuhake, e kore kua kawea mai tenei mahi, no te mea te hua o te tūhuratanga, te hua korerotia ki nga mana i te Komihana, me te iwi whānui US, a mohoa noa i raro ki te faaino koi.

Hoki kakato, te āhuatanga o te Ford-kaitōrangapū i mea ai, ia ātete te mārō o te Whitināmu Pakanga i te Hononga o Amerika, ko te tautoko me te hoa o te peresideni Nixon.

Access ki te tihi o te kaha

I roto i te 1973, ka rite ki te hua o te take tāke, i takoha ia ki te rihaina Spiro Agnew, ko wai i reira tumuaki tuarua-peresideni. Mā te whakamahi i te whakatikatika ture e hāngai ana, whakaritea te peresideni Nixon mono Gerald Ford o Agnew.

He tau i muri mai wahia te tutukitanga Watergate kiki, whakawehi Nixon Tuhinga. arahina tenei ki te whakatā wawe noa o te Whare White. Na, kahore he pōti a Congresses, Vice te peresideni Gerald Ford, hei whakarite i ki te kaupapa ture, ka te US peresideni mana horonga te pou i roto i te tau 1974, 9 Ākuhata. I mua tonu i to tatou aamu e kia tika ki te whakaatu i te reira. Na, kia mohio: Gerald Ford (whakaahua i raro nei).

kaupapa here ke

Ki te whakaaro ki tenei rohe o mahi, e taea te tohe reira mahue e kua peresideni Gerald Ford tona tohu i roto i te aamu o te ao. Tonu i te kaupapa here o te détente timata e mua te peresideni Nixon, utua Ford he haerenga ki te Soviet Union, tonu tīmataria i roto i 1971 ki te haerenga, whanaunga ki Kominiusi Haina, kua oti te Vietnam War.

Heoi, i reira i hoki āhuatanga kino. Na, bypassing Congress, rite whakahaua e te peresideni Ford whakahaere he mahi motuhake i roto i Cambodia. E whakawarea ana e manuao Cambodian US hokohoko kaipuke, a hoki ana tona waka o 39 heramana kāinga ahatia, engari patua reira US Marines (41 iwi), i tupitahia i te rangi te pa Cambodian o Sihanoukville. I roto i te 1975, ano i roto i te huna i Congress, mana Ford ki āwhina i te ope anti-kāwanatanga i roto i te ā te whawhai i roto i Angola. Waho kaupapa here Gerald Ford, i roto i era atu mea, i rua ngā wāhi nui e tika tokanga makehe. Te reira - détente me Vietnam. Next, kia kōrero a pā ana ki tenei i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Defusing raruraru

I roto i te 1975, i hanga te peresideni Ford he haerenga ki te USSR, te wahi i roto i Vladivostok tutaki ki General Hekeretari o te LI CPSU Komiti Central Brezhnev kōrero i tenei hui, me te āhua o whanaunga i waenganui i te USSR - te United States, a ngā take ao, me ngā huarahi ki te whakaiti i te riri o whānui te whawhai karihi. I roto i te raruraru whakamutunga kitea pātai o herenga o rautaki ringa ino.

I te wa ano hainatia Ford te Helsinki whakaaetanga i runga i Haumarutanga me te mahi tahi.

Heoi, a ki runga ki tenei mara-Democrats congressmen ki te haukoti i te mau tautooraa a te peresideni. Congress haere te Jackson-Vanik menemana ki te kawenata i runga i te hokohoko i waenganui i te USSR me te United States o te tau 1972, e here ana i te tupuraa o tenei kirimana ki te āhuatanga ki metarahi mana i roto i te Soviet Union.

Vietnam

He whārangi motuhake i roto i te hītori American ko te whai wāhitanga o US i roto i te Pakanga Vietnam, ranei, rite i huaina ai kaitōrangapū ahu whakamua me kairīpoata, te mōrearea US Vietnam. Te kore noho i runga i nga āhuatanga katoa me tūkunga o tenei fakamamahi mo US pakanga hapori, tika ki te mea e i roto i nga tau o te kingitanga o Ford i mohiotia kua reira e te take mo te timatanga o te poma o Te Tai Tokerau Vietnam, na i runga i. N. Tonkin raruraru ko te tapehatanga parautia e US pokapū maramarama. Tata morare moni ranei tautoko te ao katoa te pakanga o te pakanga o te iwi Vietnamese mō te motuhake me te reunification o te whenua. I te tau 1975, ka tangohia nga hōia o te DRV i tupuhi Saigon - te whakapaipai o te Republic o tonga Vietnam, i runga i te whare peresideniraa hutia te kara o te wikitoria.

whakatahia Ameliká tona karere me te Vietnamese, e kore i taea e te tangata e noho i roto i te whenua tukua.

Heoi, mutu whai wāhi tika o ngā hōia US i roto i ngā mahi whawhai mua, i roto i 1973, me te hainatanga o te tiriti te rongo i roto i Paris.

Ko te pānga o te pakanga ki runga ki American te pāpori i pera kaha e te US ka memeha māperetanga a haere ki te kirimana ope. tīmata te reira i tenei whakahou tonu i raro i te peresideni Nixon. Ko te inductee whakamutunga mutu i te Army US i roto i 1974.

I roto i te whānui, i rite te pāpori, me te kaha rite ki te hua o tenei whawhai tatou miharo t. N. Whitināmu syndrome. Ko, te hapori me te kāwanatanga te take āta te Na'e i roto i te whawhai taua unu. Ko te mau hopearaa o tenei mo te wa roa awe te kaupapa here ke o te US peresideni me Congress.

I te wa ano i mohiotia tenei mea US minitatanga mahi i roto i te wā i mua ki te takihala'i whakaaro tūmatanui, e rua i roto i te ao te ao me te i roto i Amerika.

kaupapa here kāinga

I roto i tenei rohe, he maha o ngā mahi a te peresideni meinga te tupu o te riri tangata '. Na, i roto i te 1974, 8 Mahuru, whakaputaina Ford he tikanga e murua tona mua mo te katoa, kua riro e rua pai-mohiotia, me te toe ngaro, he ki te whenua, mahia e Richard Nixon ei peresideni US.

Ka rite ki te hua o te murunga, ahakoa he reira rite ki te tikanga ture, te peresideni Gerald Ford kihai i whakawhanakehia hononga ki Congress. I tua atu, i reira ko te nuinga mo te Democrats.

Na, kihai Congress ki tapahia whakapaunga i runga i te pai. Ford ia i roto i nga tau o tona tikanga, whakaritea he aukati i runga i runga i te 50 pire rerekē. I roto i te tahuri, kihai i te Congress whakaae ki te peresideni, a tautoko ano ratou. i patua Ford me te take o utu mo takoha moni. i roto i te meka ko te momo tona peresideni, i te Congress - mo te wahi tino - te Rīpera. A, anga ke ki te tūranga o te Whare White, te pä whakawhiwhia ki kaiwhiwhi ki utu iti. Ko te kupu, e kore i taea e ngā kaupapa here kāinga Gerald Ford kia whai hua i roto i te aroraa tamau ki te Congress.

ōhanga

I roto i te wa o te rironga o Gerald Ford i te tari peresideniraa me i roto i tona kingitanga, ko te United States i roto i te raruraru ōhanga hohonu: tamau nui haere pikinga me kore mahi, he hanga i roto i te heke. i takoha te mana ki tino whakaiti moni kāwanatanga. Pūtea o tetahi hōtaka, e kore e pā ana i roto i tetahi ara ranei tetahi ki te hiahia o te Taparima, i roto i mutu meka.

Whakamutunga o te mahi tōrangapū me te tiaki o te ora

Ahakoa te maha o ngā whakatutukitanga me tautooraa o nga tautooraa katoa e kua fakahaa'i Gerald Ford, kaupapa here kāinga me te ke, whakaahuatia poto i roto i tenei tuhinga, e kore ahau i oaoa i rongonui whānui i roto i te hapori American. kawea Measures ki te whakaiti i te pikinga i roto i runga i te pūtake akiaki, engari kua meinga te reira i te ara i roto i te kore mahi ki te 12%, tīmata te heke nui o te ōhanga US mai te Topatariraa Rahi o 1929-1933. I te tau 1974, i te hoariri pūmau Republicans - Democrats - riro i roto i te pōtitanga midterm i roto i nga whare e rua o Congress. I muri ka haere mai te tahuri o ratou whakamanamana i roto i te iwi mo te peresideniraa. Ko tētahi atu - e toru tekau-iwa - te peresideni US ko te kaitono o te Democratic Party.

ngaro Gerald Ford te pōtitanga peresideniraa te kaitono o te rōpū tāwhai, Dzhimmi Karteru, mahue te Tari Porotītaha, a mo te wa roa mahi i te American Enterprise Institute.

I roto i tona noho i te tihi pou o te kaha hanganga o te United States, Ford kua riro i roto i rua rahua nganatanga ki runga ki tona ora. Hoko ko te-peresideni ex, mahue mau ia tōrangapū.

I te 2006, Hakihea 26, mua US te peresideni Gerald Ford, ngā kaupapa here ä-roto, me te waho kē e kua tīmata ki te kia wareware, ka mate ia, ka mahue i muri tamariki wha. A, o te akoranga, ko te wahi tino appreciable i roto i te hītori.