Whanaketanga tukutuku ao nei ranei whakaaro te Internet?

I roto i te 50s ko te ao he hiahia nui e pā ana ki te taea whawhai ki te USSR. au ra ira Amerika tika ki tona wāhi matawhenua, kua riro te reira i te whakaaro nui e pā ana ki te taea ariā o te whawhai. Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga matua o te whakaritenga mo te hōia, me te mo te pūtaiao ko ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga mo te whakawhitiwhiti o te mōhiohio i waenga i ngā waeine me ngā waeine hōia, i roto i ngā o bombings katoa.

Kua te hua o enei mau tamataraa kua whakaakona i runga i te kaupapa kirimana e te Tari US o Paruru ki nga whakahaere tino wha i roto i tenei mara. Te aro ki te pātai - "? Ko wai whakaaro te Internet" - Me ki whakamārama te mea i te tikanga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tupuna o te Internet rite te tukutuku ao, e taea te whakaaro te reira i te kaiwhakatū o te whare wānanga e toru (California, Utah, California) me te Research Centre i Stenforte. Ko ratou te hunga i hanga te "whatunga miniGlobalnuyu" tuatahi - ARPANET, i roto i te 1957. Ko te whakaaro matua o reira ko i te wa - te whakamahi o te whatunga i enei whakahaere rangahau.

Takahi ki hoki te wahi i te whatunga, he tika ki te mōhio i te reira, a ko wai whakaaro te rorohiko tuatahi? I muri i te katoa, ko te whatunga i taua wa he ranunga o taura taimaha-ohipa, (i ngā āhuatanga nui) teihana rorohiko. I roto i te 1946, kamupene ENIAC hua tikanga rorohiko hiko tuatahi o te ao. O te akoranga, ko te tino rerekē i te emu tou PC tenei ra, engari kei te whiwhi i te reira tata. I roto i te April 1964, kua tukua IBM o rangatū (rahi tonu mīharo) he PC - Pūnaha 60. Heoi, e mohio e kore katoa e i te wāhi ture o te tirohanga, te ārai tuatahi mo te "ao" tauira o te rorohiko i riro e te ihi o te "intellektora" i Omsk Gorokhov .

Na ko atu mārama te pikitia, me ki te whakahoki i te pātai - "Ko wai whakaaro te Ipurangi" taea e i te tirohanga rerekē. Mahuru 1969 - University o California (Los Angeles) i reira he he tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te tūmau. Kua te mīhini kua whaki e Honeywell, a i te ti'araa DP-516. Na ka taea ki te hanga me te mau tonu i te pātengi raraunga centralized te "whiriwhiri" kaiwhakamahi. Ko e mo'oni, ngana ki te whakaaro i te tukutuku ao o nāianei o tūmau free - ka mēra reira kiritaki, rauemi whaiaro me ngā pae awa anake.

I roto i Oketopa o te taua tau i roto i te tari o California univ ngana ki te tuku i hanga i runga i-aho. Pundits rite i tētahi atu rorohiko whare wānanga ki te tā i te kupu "Takiuru". A tae noa ki te meatia e ratou i te kore ko reira te wa tuatahi, ano i ratou. Ki te kōrero tatou i roto i i whakaaro ia ki te Ipurangi i runga i-aho, ko reira taua rā. ratonga Modern me mahi e kia pakeke ki te kore whakaaro raina i runga i-. pahuatia Kaiwhakamahi, me ia i konei, me te inaianei. Na ka te whakauaua tupu nga hinengaro rahi o te ao.

Ko te aha te mea rite ki te Internet i taua wa? Na ehara i te mea pātai e hāngai ana, True "wai whakaaro te Internet?" - "te mea i roto i reira?". A ko reira tino kore te rota. I tčnei wā, he whakauaua hiahia i roto i te kaiwhakamahi noa i te whatunga taua. Otiia iwi kua kite tirohanga me matau e te timata tika katoa. Anake i roto i te 1971 i reira ko te tauira o te hōtaka hou o te tuku ī-mēra. hounga'ia tonu te iwi i te reira, ka anga ki te tiki wāhi i roto i tenei whatunga.

ka puta mai i roto i te ARPANET i 1973 i runga i te taumata o te ao. Tenei tau, te hononga tuatahi o rorohiko i roto i te UK, a Norway. hanga tenei i taea i roto i te whakamahi o te taura trans-Atlantic mō raina waea. puta ke Ipurangi. Ka anga ki te whakawhanake i kiritaki ī-mēra (hanganga o ngā rārangi mēra), i reira he papa pānui me Momo o ngā rangitaki rongo. te kitenga kaipakihi tonu e ko he toku koura tenei, a ka anga kore anake e whai paanga ana i roto i te āhuatanga hou, engari ano ki te haumi i roto i te reira.

Otiia kihai i te ARPANET muri okiokinga roa i runga i tona tatü. I roto i te 1984, ka anga te iwi ki te whakamahi i te kē - NSFNet. i timata ano tenei hanganga kotahi-hiato o whatunga whare wānanga ki te riro rongonui. Ko tōna kaihanga - te US NSF, whakaaro ki te mahue te whai wāhi, me te mataara rite ratou whakataetae riro āhukahuka ao. I 1988, i reira he tahi mea rite ki te kōrerorero hou. Kei te matapae iwi ngā heke mai, ko tona ingoa ko "Ipurangi". Ko ki hoki ki te whakataetae. Internet me te Tukutuku Ao Whānui - he mea e rua rerekē. Ko tenei e kore te mea e pā ana ki taua. Iwi ko reira watea, te wā "Ipurangi", na te taitara o te aroraa.

Kei te tono te whatunga i teie nei i te pātai "wai whakaaro te Internet?", Ka taea e kitea e koe i te ingoa o Tim Berners-Lee. e kore te mea he hape tenei, Ko ano tenei he wāhi whanaunga o te tirohanga. I roto i te 1989, whakaurua tenei kaihātepe ESYAI faahiahia te ariā o "wāhi noa". He tau torutoru i muri e tuku ia ao HTTP, e hāngai ana i runga i ka e kia hanga HTML. Ko te mua whakarōpū me te ararere url tenei. kia whakaaro pea te ahua o te paerewa te whakatakiruatanga o, e taea kore ki te whakaputa ke, me te tāpae (ului) ngā kawa whatunga, a tino te ra whanau o te "Ipurangi noa".

I roto i te 90 th tau o te ARPANET rawa mutu ki te mahi, hoatu tatü NSFNet. Aha wāhi ki tenei - uaua ki te matau. Ko whakaatu hoki hītori taime ngā. mōhio hoki te karanga tuatahi i runga i te whatunga i tēnei tau. I 1991, i reira he pūtirotiro tuatahi o te ao "a Mose" i te kamupene NCSA. Na, ko te utu e kore e anake, engari ano hoki mārama mō te katoa o te Internet. Ko te hītori o te pūtirotiro pea e matau koutou; i roto i tetahi take - he mea he take motuhake. Ko te mea matua ko te e he penei te rongonui e ki te hiahia te hono i tō rorohiko ki te Tukutuku Ao Whānui i kore noa haere kupu.

E hoki ki nga mea ngaro o te kamupene, me o ratou hua, he mea tano ia tapao e haere NSFNet ki pümätauranga me tino hoatu ki nga ringa o te whatunga o ngā kaiwhakarato rohe. Kua meinga e te Internet he kupu ingoa tika, a whakatakotoria iho tona hanganga i te rohe.

Na, ko te Internet - ko te pūnaha mōhiohio, e taea ngā ora i runga i to ratou ake.