Whakamātautau Ultrasonic o hononga ka paiherea, me tikanga o te hangarau mana

Kahore he tata kahore ahumahi, e kore e kua kawea i roto i te mahi fehokotaki'anga. Kua eke te nuinga o ngā hanganga parahi nui, me te, e toaati e mekameka. O te akoranga, te kounga o taua mahi i roto i te heke mai tei kore anake i runga i te tika o ngā whare whakaturia, hanganga, mīhini ranei tetahi kōwae, engari ano hoki te haumaru o te iwi e te hunga i roto i te tahi mau ara taunekeneke ki enei hanganga. Na reira, ki te whakarite i te taumata e tika o te mahi o enei ngā mahi te tono mekameka ultrasonic, ai taea tetahi kitea te aroaro ngaro ranei o ngā hē i roto i te huinga o nga hua whakarewa. Mā te tenei tikanga matatau o te mana 'e lāulea ki i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

Ko te hītori o te takanga

I whakawhanakehia Ultrasonic whakamātautau rite taua i roto i nga 30raa. Heoi, i whanau i te pūrere mahi tūturu tuatahi i anake i roto i te 1945, whakawhetai ki a Sperry Products te kamupene o. Neke atu i te nga tekau tau e rua i muri mai, kua riro te hangarau mana hou āhukahuka ao, tino nui haere te maha o ngā kaiwhakanao o taua taputapu.

Ultrasonic hape pūoko, te utu o e tenei ra tīmata korere mārua i 100000 -130000 mano, tuatahi ere roto. Taua whakaaro ahu ki te hei taimaha cumbersome me taimaha. mahi anake ratou i runga i kai mana ki a AC. Otiia i roto i nga 60raa, ki te haerenga mai o iahiko Semiconductor koha tino heke i roto i te rahi, ka i taea ki te rere i runga i pākahiko e pae hopea whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i te pūrere noa i roto i te mara.

Hipanga ki roto ki te ao mamati

I roto i te tīmatanga o te whakaaro whakaahuatia whakamahi i te tukatuka tohu tairitenga, e tika ana ki nei, rite he haria ki te 'auhia i te wa o te whakatika maha atu whakaaro ōrite. Otiia kua i roto i te tau 1984 i te kamupene Panametrics hoatu he tīmatanga i roto i te ora, ko te pūoko tuatahi koha mamati kawe i huaina kowhiria 2002. Mai reira, kua riro nga wae mamati taputapu tino pono, tano whakarato te pūmautanga tika o te whakatika me te inenga. Ultrasonic hape pūoko, te utu o e tei runga i tona mahi, me te waitohu o te kaiwhakanao, ano riro raraunga takiuru mahi me te kaha ki te tuku pānuitanga ki te PC.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga hou, he o te pānga ki te ngohi poua, e whakamahi ana i te maha-huānga huānga piezoelectric matatini hāngai hangarau-whakaputa hihi whakahaua me hanga he whakapakoko hake, rite ki te atahanga ultrasound hauora ake me te ake ngā pūnaha.

Scope

tono tikanga mana Ultrasonic te i roto i tetahi aronga te ahumahi. whakaaturia Ko tōna whakamahi i e taea te rite tōtika whakamahia reira ki te matawai i tata momo katoa o hononga paiherea i hanga, e whai he matotoru o te whakarewa turanga paiherea o neke atu i te 4 mitamano. I tua atu, Kei te whānui whakamahia te tikanga ki te whakamatautau i te hononga hononga o te hau, me te hinu pipelines, me te wai o te rerekē ngā pūnaha waipēhi. A i roto i te wā pērā i hononga mana matotoru hua nui electroslag fehokotaki'anga, tirohanga ultrasonic - te tikanga manakohia anake o te mana.

Te whakatau whakamutunga e pā ana ki ranei he pai Weld ranei ki te mahi i hanga i runga i te pūtake o tohu e toru taketake (paearu) te take - te kaha tīwera o te take, te rahi tikanga.

I roto i te tirohanga ultrasonic whānui - Ko te tikanga i te mea te tino hua i roto i ngā o te whakapakoko hanga i roto i te akoranga o ako te tui (Taipitopito).

take tono

Ko te tikanga mana whakaahuatia te whakamahi i ultrasound he pai i roto i taua kua reira he tūtohutanga nui teitei me te tika o pānui i roto i te rapunga o hē pērā i kapiti, utu raro me te haumaru tiketike i roto i te whakamahi rite whakaritea ki tikanga radiographic tikanga. Ki te rā, whakamātautau ultrasonic o mekameka whakamahia i roto i te 70-80% o ngā take o arowhai.

transducers ultrasonic

Te kore te whakamahi o enei whakaaro he he feruri noa he whakamātautau kore-haamou ultrasonic. Pūrere whakamahia mō te hanga i te excitation me te fariiraa i wiri ultrasonic.

He rerekē nga wae, me kua whakarōpūtia ki:

• He tikanga o te whakapā ki te hua whakamātautau.
• He tikanga o honotanga te āhuatanga piezoelectric i roto i te hoahoa waea o te koha me te raruraru o te whanaunga kawehiko ki te piezo-huānga.
• whanaunga takotoranga acoustic ki te mata.
• Ko te maha o ngā āhuatanga piezoelectric (kotahi, rua, maha-huānga).
• Ko te whanui o te ropu auau whakahaere (narrowband - hōkaiipurangi o iti iho i te kotahi Heminiti, WideBand - hōkaiipurangi atu i te kotahi waruoro).

āhuatanga whanganga hē

I roto i te ao o te hangarau me te ahumahi arata'i katoa Standard. Ultrasonic whakamātau (GOST 14782-86) i roto i tenei whakaaro kahore he okotahi. regulates te paerewa e whanganga hē i te tawhā e whai ake nei:

• Ōrite ki te rohe koha.
• Ko te kaha tīwera o te tohu paoro, whakaritea nei whakaaro i te tawhiti ki te koha.
• Ko te taunga o te koha i te wāhi o te fehokotaki'anga.
• rahi iti.
• tawhiti Herenga i waenganui i mea kohakore.
• Ko te maha o hē i runga i te roa tīpakohia o te Weld tahi ranei.

te faaohiparaa o te pūoko koha

whakamātautau Nondestructive, i te mea te tikanga ultrasonic he ona whakamahi ake, e kī e te tawhā ine matua - te kaha tīwera o te vanavanaiki riro i te koha tika. Hei rerekëtanga paoro te whakaritea kia huaina tīwera nui rawa te tūtohutanga makanga. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, whirihora te whakamahi i te tauira paerewa o hinonga (PRTT).

Whiwhi koha Tīmata tahi e tona tautuhinga. Hoki tenei tūtohutanga whakaaturanga makanga. Muri, i roto i te tukanga kawea atu e ultrasound whakataurite te riro paoro i kitea te koha e ki te taumata pūmau o te pato'iraa. Ki te he nui atu i te taumata whakaaetanga te kaha tīwera whanganga, nga tohunga whakatau e kore te mea tika i te koha. Katahi ka paopao te tui te hua ranei kei te ka tonoa hoki mo te whakahounga.

Ko te kohakore tino noa i roto i te papa paiherea he: kore o hononga, penetration oti, hangai, porosity, inclusions para. Ko enei maumaui tōtika tāutu tirohanga te whakamahi i ultrasound.

Kōwhiringa rangahau ultrasound

Neke atu i te wa, kua riro te tukanga whakaū maha ngā tikanga whai hua mō te ako i te hononga paiherea. whakarato whakamātautau Ultrasonic he maha rawa o ngā kōwhiringa i raro i te whakaaro o rangahau acoustic o ngā hanganga whakarewa, engari i riro i te rongonui nui:

• tikanga paoro.
• Kōruru.
• tikanga Mirror-atarangi.
• whakaata paoro.
• tikanga Delta.

tau Tikanga kotahi

Nuinga o ngā wā i roto i te ahumahi, a whakamahia nga rerewē tikanga pini paoro. Ko reira no te mea te pāngia reira neke atu i te 90% o te koha, e riro taea e tika ana ki te tuhi me te tātari o tata katoa nga tohu kitea e te koha mata.

I tahaki, e hāngai ana tenei tikanga i runga i te hua whakarewa tangi ngātere o wiri ultrasonic me ratou rēhita muri.

Ko te painga o tenei tikanga ko:

- te taea o tetahi-ara te uru ki te hua;

- tūtohutanga tika tiketike ki hē ā-;

- te tika tūnga teitei o te koha kitea.

Heoi, i reira he drawbacks, tae atu:

- ātete iti ki te mata raweketia whakaata;

- te fakafalala kaha o te kaha tīwera tohu i te wāhi koha.

tirohanga whakaahuatia ia te tikanga e te wahi i roto i te me'a hua ngātere ultrasonic. Te fariiraa i te tohu whakautu puta ratou crawler rite tuarua ranei. kia kitea tika ai te tohu i te hē, me i te mata ritenga o nga hua wahi (heitiki hoki).

tikanga atarangi

Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te tātaritanga taipitopito o te kaha tīwera o te wiri ultrasonic tuku i te tuku ki te kaiwhiwhi. I roto i te take i reira i reira he he heke i roto i tenei tohu, tohu te reira i te aroaro o te koha. ka waiho iti atu i te kaha tīwera o te tohu riro e te kaiwhiwhi te nui te rahi o te koha. Ki te whiwhi kia tū ngā mōhiohio tika coaxially kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi i te ritenga atu taha o te ahanoa whakamātautau. Ka taea te whakaaro te āhuatanga o tenei hangarau tūtohutanga iti versus tikanga paoro me te whīwhiwhi o te uiuia takotoranga (piezoelectric transducer) whanaunga ki te hihi pokapū o te tauira radiation. Heoi, i reira he painga e te hunga nui i roto i te ātete ki te pokanoa, iti tīwera tohu, i runga i te wāhi koha, kahore he rohe mate rānei.

tikanga Mirror-atarangi

Tenei ultrasonic maha whakamahia mō te aroturuki mana kounga paiherea tahi hononga ngā. Ko te tohu matua i kitea te koha te, ko te attenuation o te kaha tīwera tohu, kitea nei te i te mata ritenga (te tikanga ka karanga te raro). Ko te painga matua o te tikanga - he rapunga mārama o ngā mea kohakore, raruraru i te mea te Weld pakiaka. Ano, te āhuatanga te tikanga e te taea o tetahi-ara te uru ki te tui taipitopito ranei.

Echo-whakaata tikanga

Ko te kē tino pai o poutū whakaritea mea kohakore kimi. Taki whakamana e te tikanga o rua pōkai e ngokingoki te mata tata te tui i runga i tetahi taha o reira. Ko te kupu whakamana ratou kaupapa i roto i te ara pēnei i ki te whakatika i te tohu uiuia anapanapa ra i tetahi atu uiuia, me te rua kitea i koha ngā.

Ko te painga matua o te tikanga: e taea te whakamahi i te reira ki te arotake i te hē āhua, te rahi o e nui 3 mm, me whakakotititia ngā i roto i te manureva poutū e neke atu i te 10 nga nekehanga. Ko te mea tino nui - ki te whakamahi i AEDs ki te tūtohutanga taua. Kei te kaha te whakamahia taua he kōwhiringa ultrasound ki tirohia te hua matotoru-taiepa, me o ratou mekameka.

tikanga Delta

Mea whakamātautau ultrasonic o mekameka whakamahi ultrasonic pūngao koha tētahi wāhi anō. ngaru hake, e taka i runga i te koha, whakaata wahi kitea, tahuri wāhanga ki te wä roa, me te anō-E faatae mai te poipoi diffracted. Ko te hua ko te hopu o te uiuia poipoi e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea te whakaaro te ngoikoretanga o te tikanga te tahitahi tui kaua whīwhiwhi tiketike o te wetemuna o tohu riro i roto i te mana o hononga paiherea ki te matotoru o te 15 mitamano.

Painga o ultrasound, me nga whaktauiratia o tona tono

tiketike rangahau mekameka auau ki te tangi - te, i roto i te meka, whakamātautau kore-kino, no te mea e kore e taea ki te meinga tetahi kino ki te pae whakamātautau hua tenei tikanga, engari tino tika kitea te aroaro o mea kohakore. Hoki, kia whakarongo motuhake utu iti o te ngā mahi me to ratou tere mahi teitei. He mea nui hoki e he tino haumaru hoki hauora tangata te tikanga. E kawea atu akoranga konganuku me mekameka katoa i runga i te pūtake o te ultrasound i roto i te whānui i 0.5 MHz ki 10 MHz. I roto i ētahi wā, kia kawe i te reira i roto i nga mahi te whakamahi i ngaru ultrasonic he auau o te 20 MHz.

Analysis ultrasonically Weld me tika kia haere tahi e te huinga katoa o mehua faaineineraa, pērā i te horoi i te mata o te Weld whakamātautau ranei, tono i te wahi mana o te fluids motuhake whakapā (hāpiapia mau opuaraa motuhake, glycerin, te hinu mīhini). meatia tenei katoa e ki te whakarite tika whakapā acoustic eu, e te mutunga whakarato te whakapakoko e hiahiatia ana i runga i te pūrere.

Ngoikore ki te whakamahi i, me ngā huakore

Ko te tino koretake ki te whakamahi mo te tirohanga o kakano ia pūhui whakarewa he hanganga pokepoke (hei tauira, maka rino Weld austenitic ranei ki te matotoru nui atu i te 60 mitamano) Ultrasonic whakamātautau. A katoa no te mea i roto i te wā pērā i reira he tino he manene kaha, me te attenuation o ultrasound.

Ano hoki, e kore e taea ki te tino tohu koha tapitapi ore kitea (Tungsten whakaurunga, me te al para whakaurunga.).