He aha te coking waro me te wahi te whakamahia ai

Ko te hua i roto i te utu hinu, me te rapu mō puna pūngao kē kore arahina anake ki te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou, engari ano hoki e whakarongo ki ētahi atu, e kore e iti iho whai hua rauemi raw - waro. Kei te coking te ahumahi tino nui waro. He aha te mea tona uara me te wahi e hua ai - kua whakatakotoria i roto i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha te mea coking waro

Tenei waro, i nei i roto i nga tikanga o te coking Coke riro tetahi kaha, me te rahi. tohu te reira i uara nui mo te ahumahi, me te pai tono kaha i roto i ngā ahumahi maha. Ko te kupu, coking waro rite te wahie matua whakamahia i roto i te steelmaking me te pūngao.

rerekē waro Coking i te tahi atu ngā waro nekehanga ki te āhua kirihou me ki sinter ki runga ki te rongo ki pāmahana teitei kahore hāora.

waro Composition coking

he waro Coking i roto i te puka kukū, me te unfortified āhuatanga e te ihirangi iti pungarehu (iti iho i te 10%), he ihirangi iti o ngā wāhanga te ahua (15 ki te 37%) me te whanariki (iti iho i te 3.5%). Ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o te waro, waro coking i te pāmahana ngingiha tiketike, me te āhuatanga e te ihirangi raro o poke. Ko te ōwehenga o ngā wāhanga i roto i te rerekē putunga rauemi waro kia rerekē paku. He mea tino nui ki te whakaaro i roto i te tukanga o te coking. Na, tika whakaritea e tona hanganga, coking, whanonga sintering me ētahi atu tohu ki te tukatuka o waro. I runga i te rohe o te mua Soviet Union mo te waro coking whakamahia enei momo:

• Na roto i te - Coke.
• F - ngako.
• G - hau.
• OS - otoschenno-Shade.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

tukanga coking

I raro i ee tukanga coking o tahuri waro ki Coke. Kei a ia ko te maha ngā wāhanga. I te wā tuatahi te faaineineraa o te waro coking. hurihia waro keri te ka hanga i te whakakotahitanga motuhake - whakakotahitanga. I te taahiraa i muri kawea te coking. puta te reira i roto i nga ruma motuhake o te Coke hau oumu te whakamahi i whakawera. Rite tiaki whakanohoia i roto i te oumu mo te 15 haora i reira whakamana i te wa katoa e whakatairanga te pāmahana ki te 1000 ° C. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei tukanga whiwhi e "keke Coke."

Coking hangarau i roto i te rau tau rua tekau, kua puta ke nui, i whakaaetia te whanaketanga o putunga waro hou.

Kei te tata i te reira e pā ana ki 10% o te hanga ao o tukanga waro carbonization e e wahi. haapapu tenei te aroaro o te tono ahumahi tiketike mō ngā waro coking.

He aha titore te coking me ngāwhā waro

Ko te uara nui ki te ahumahi whakarato coking waro, whakamahia nei te rite tukanga wahie i roto i maha rāngai ahumahi o te ōhanga. Hei tauira, mō te faataheraa i te rino. Ko te āhuatanga matua e titore te waro coking i runga i te pūngao - te aroaro vitro. Tenei wāhanga pungarehu o te waro, i hanga nei e te whāwehe o te tipu i roto i te ngaro o te hāora. āhuatanga Vitrain Ko te kaha ki te rewa, ka sintered i raro i tiketike pāmahana. Ko te kupu, e Katahi microparticles waro ki tetahi papatipu mārō. Ko te nui vitro te kukū te teitei te kounga o te waro coking.

Ko te rahinga nui o taonga fusible roto i roto i te waro taua pane: Coke, Gas, fatty, otoschenno-Shade me te ngako coking.

tohu o te waro

I roto i te natura, i reira e maha momo o ngarahu i te he rerekē hanganga hangarau, me ngā wāhanga ahua tohu sinterability. waro Coking e tika ana mō te torutoru anake rama. Ko e tika ana mō sintering i roto i te puka parakore e kore katoa o ratou. I te tahi taime e hiahia ana koe ki te tāpiri i te tahi mau wāhanga. Heoi, i reira ko nga māka e whai ake nei o te waro coking:

1. Na roto i te - Coke. I roto i tenei coking whiwhi waro kōeke e i roto i te puka parakore makatuunga Coke metallurgical. Hoki teitei waro kounga tapiritia hoki atu rama - maia hau ranei.
2. QL - Coke fatty. He te coking pai, te nuinga whakamahia ki te whiwhi Coke, kahore tāpiri atu kōeke o waro. Kei roto i te hanganga o te fatty Coke waro ki runga ki te 30% o ngā wāhanga te ahua. vitrain Reflection - 1.3%. Ko te matotoru o te apa kirihou ko 18 mm. No huringa kounga Coke whakaaetia te tua o te pane ki te 20% CS, OS, ko KO.
3. KO - Coke otoschenny. Ko te matotoru o te apa, ko te 10-12 mm, te vitrain whakaata - ki runga ki te 1%. Ka rite ki te ture, e kore te tenei waitohu whakamahia anake, engari anake i roto i te taha ki te LCD me waro combustible.
4. SPE - Coke Shade nizkometamorfozny. I roto i te sintering o tenei ahua o te Coke waro i hanga hōroi kaha iti, na te nuinga whakamahia ai mō te sintering ki ētahi atu tohu ranei ki te whakaputa i hau waihanga.
5. COP - Coke Shade. Ko te matotoru o te apa kirihou ko 9 mm. āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te sinterability iti. whakamahia CS kōeke waro Coke te rite hinonga wāhanga emaciated. Kei te whakamahia hoki te reira i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te hanga mō te ngingiha papanga.
6. GC - hau Coke. A, no te tauta tukua carbonization Coke pai, engari ki te iti te kaha aunoa. Kei te ngāwari wehea hua sintered ki nga wahi iti. Tikanga, whakamahia hau waro i roto i ranunga ki ētahi atu waro coking.

Sintering whakaaro pai mo taua tohu coking waro: maia, Shade, hau, otoschenno-Shade me coking i roto i te puka parakore. Kei roto ratou i te nui iti rawa o poke me to ratou he kōngohe tiketike.

Mara o te tono

Ko te whakaaro matua o te coking waro - wahie ahumahi. I roto i te ngingiha o te waro coking tuku hoki nui o te pūngao wera. Ko te kupu, tenei pāmahana pātīmata wahie ko 470ºS. Otiia tahu - e kore e anake te huarahi ki te unu i nga āhuatanga whaihua o tenei kohuke. He maha atu rāngai o te ōhanga i ai te waro coking whakamahia tōtika. Ko te whakamahi o tenei rauemi tūturu i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi taea ki te whiwhi i reira mata, molybdenum, konutea, germanium, whanariki, gallium me ētahi atu huānga matū. Kua ururua ano tono Industrial me ahumahi waro. Na, kei te tukatuka ratou i roto i nga refractories me abrasives. ururua ano rauemi hanga hua.

I roto i te katoa, kei te hanga i te wahie i te kohatu ki runga 300 ngā momo o ngā hua. whakamahia Coal te rite te rauemi taketake mō te hanga o te waro me te graphite huānga hanganga vysokoazotnyh waikawa e whakamahia i roto i te maniua. tono tōtika he matū e e tukua i roto i te tukanga coking. Ko te kupu, i roto i te Māturu maroke o te waro uku i hanga, me te wai haukini. He tukurua hoki ratou.

I tua atu, i roto i te tukanga o te coking e tohaina hua haurehu waihā, e roto i benzene, phenol, toluene me te haukini. Ko ratou he puna o te tahi atu ngā matūkai.

Extraction o coking waro i roto i Ukraine

Coking waro i roto i Ukraine te nuinga tono hinonga metallurgical. Ko te kupu, i roto i te ahumahi maitai pūkete hoki e pā ana ki 90% o te katoa tono mo tenei momo o te wahie. Te ahumahi keri whakarato te whenua coking mākete ā-waro 60 anake%. Ko te toe 40% o te waro pau kawemai. Ko te kaiwhakarato matua o te waro coking ki Ukraine ko Russia.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, he hua i roto i te tono mō te rauemi raw ke i roto i te whenua. Ko te tika ki te hekenga i roto i te hanga kāinga tenei. Ano, ko te hiahia hoki motu rauemi raw taka tika ki te whakaiti o tona kounga, rite kore e taea te mira maitai whakamahi waro ki te ihirangi whanariki tiketike.

I roto i Ukraine, whakaputaina te waro coking i roto i te peihana: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. E hāngai ana te maha rawa o rāhui waro i roto i te rohe Donetsk, Luhansk ko Dnipropetrovsk. I te kau, e tika ana ki te tapepe tōrangapū o te coking waro i roto i te rawhiti o Ukraine iri.

production Coal i roto i Russia

Kei putunga waro nui i roto i Russia. E ai ki tau, te whenua ko tetahi o nga wahi tuatahi i roto i te ao i roto i rāhui waro. Neke atu i te 67% o ratou i roto i te waro. O enei, 10% e coking waro.

Ko te waro coking Russian keria i roto i te poka: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk ko Kizel. Ko te wai tuatahi e rua hua waro i roto i te rahinga nui.

Rahui o coking waro i roto i Russia he 47.3 piriona. Tons. Heoi, he rite ki te whakamahi i anake te wahi iti. I roto i nga tau tata nei, hanga o coking waro i roto i Russia i te taumata o 70 miriona. Taranata ia tau. He nui ki te whakarato i ngā rauemi raw, hinonga ahumahi i roto i te whenua tenei.

keri waro Coking te i roto i Russia on tere. Ko te tupu o te waro production ka tango i te wahi i roto i te take o te hua i roto i te tono mō tenei momo o ngā rauemi mata meinga e te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi metallurgical me e pā ana o te ōhanga Russian.

Tuhinga mō te mākete waro coking

I roto i nga tau e haere mai ana i te Russian ahumahi waro e tatari mo te huringa. wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi ka pa ki te pūnaha poutū o te waro production. Ko te kupu, e whakarato ana te kaupapa here tūmatanui mō te whakatū o maina waro i runga i te pūtake o ngā whakaurunga pūngao o te kaha iti, me te reo. Kei te whakamaheretia hoki te reira ki te tāuta taputapu i tipu waro, e taea ana ki te tukatuka waro ki kora waihanga ma.

Ki te whakaaro ki hoko pukapuka, ka tupu tono mō te coking waro i roto i Russia. Ko te meka ko e i roto i te tua ki hinonga maitai whakamahi Coke metallurgy kore-ferrous me maha atu ahumahi. Ko te kupu, ki te whakaputa i te 1 ton o poaka rino me e pā ana ki 0.4 taranata o Coke. Ko hangarau kē e taea te whakakapi i ia i runga i nga here rauemi atu pai tono.

te coking ao ngā mākete waro

Ki te rā, he maha ngā kamupene waro o whenua katoa anga i te raruraru i roto i utu waro coking. kino ake ngaa tēnei raruraru te āhua e tuku Coke i moni i te taikaha. Kei te te mana nui i runga i utu hoki kua reira he hehema ki te whakaiti i ngā utu kiritaki. whakatika ake tetahi atu āhuatanga meapango i te hiahia ki kaihanga maitai ki te whakaiti i ngā utu production. I roto i Uropi me i Haina, tonu te hiahia mō te coking waro ki te tupu, engari he reira e tika ana ki te hanga o ngā kāwai teitei. Otiia i roto i te whānui, i te rōrahi o hoko o ngā rauemi mata i runga i te hinga mākete ao.

He iti ki te ū te āhuatanga ki te pūngao rauemi raw i roto i te mākete US. Ko kua tonu ki te hinga tika ki tono raro hoki maitai te utu. Ka rite ki te hua, kia whakaiti i tenei hanga o coking waro i roto i te US ko Europe.

Ko tohunga matapae he ara i roto i kawemai o taonga pūngao i roto i India. I te rōrahi kawemai o waro coking kī tuatoru tenei whenua i roto i te ao.

utu o ngā rauemi raw

I roto i te wahi tuarua o 2015. kite hekenga i roto i utu mō te coking waro. kamupene nui o te ao whakahere rauemi raw i te utu i te mea i 5-10% raro whakaritea ki te hauwhā tuatahi. Ko te kupu, kua whakaekea te kamupene Āwherika ki te Tonga Anglo American he coking waro o Japan o te kounga teitei mō te 116 USD ia 1 ton. Ko te utu toharite mō te 1 ton o coking waro ko 117 US tara.