Wehe uri: Definition, Okú. Puka o te wehe whakaputa uri: tauira

I kaiao panmiktichnyh (moepuku tārua) pato - he huinga o rauropi e rite i roto i te whānuitanga katoa o huru e taea noa hybridize ki te hanga i uri hua. whakamahia te ariā o te mātao i roto i te horopaki o te microevolution, ranei, e kiia ana ko, - whakamomonga. tīmata wehe uri te tukanga o te hanganga o ngā momo hou, me te mutu te reira. Otiia ka arahi kore puka katoa o tenei āhuatanga ki te putanga o te ahua hou, pera kahore mātao katoa arata'i ki te dissociation whakamutunga taupori uri.

Te faatea ia tikanga i roto i te kukuwhatanga

Takitahi i roto i te momo i reira he rōpū - taupori. Ko te reira i te taupori rite te kōwae o microevolution rite rauemi mahi hoki i te hanganga o ngā momo hou, motuhake i te matamua. I roto i ngā momo i waenganui i ngā taupori o rauemi ira whakawhiti te i roto i te tukanga whakaputa uri. He aha i huaina ko te kaha whakaputa uri o te tinana. A, no te, hoki te mea take, he iti ranei tino taea tenei utu i waenganui i ngā taupori i roto i te momo ki te mea e te wehe uri. Ko te whakamāramatanga o tenei tikanga kunenga ko ki te whakarite kia kore e taea e te mau taata o ngā taupori rerekē hua uri. Ko te hītori o te putanga o te momo hou - he mekameka o ngā momo rerekē o te taratahi uri, whakakapi ranei inaki, hanga i te wehenga o te taupori tina heke.

wehe uri: whakarōpū

He maha ngā ariā i roto i te whakarōpū o taupori momo mavahe. E riro paearu Various rite te āhuatanga taketake whakawhiwhi etahi take whakama. Kia tango tatou rite te pūtake e wehe uri rite te pūmau rāhuitanga panmixia (whakawhiti free) - ko te wā whakamutunga, te whakamomonga whakamutunga tenei. Kaiwhakahau o tenei tirohanga o te taratahi o te momo-kua mohiotia ki ōmataora kunenga FG Dobzhansky (1900-1975 gg.) A E. Mayr (1904-2005 gg.). Ka tikanga o motuhake uri i roto i tenei huarahi kia wehea ki ngā rōpū e toru:

• wehenga mokowā (matawhenua);
• mātao taiao (tikanga tiaki);
• tika tikanga whakaputa uri kei dokopulyatsioinnye (ki te hanga i zygotes) me poslekopulyatsionnye (puta pairing, engari ko te hua manu wairakau ranei kahore, ranei mate, ranei hybrids horomata) mau fifi.

A, no te tetahi tikanga tutuki panmixia fakangatangata: ki tonu te kanohi ranei. Poto, i roto i te pŭpŭ tata'itahi e whakaaro puka o motuhake uri. Tauira whakaatu ratou e tauturu i ki mahino te mauri o tenei ranei e puka.

wehe mokowā o taupori tikanga

tikanga wehe e pā ana ki te ngā huringa whenua (takanga o tutukitanga i roto i te puka o tupuke awa ranei) e whakatau i roto i ngā wāhi nui o te puka ranei. I roto i te take o te ofatiraa o te rere ira i waenganui i nga taupori wehea puta motuhake uri. Ka taea te whakaaro te tauira pai mohiotia o tenei āhuatanga ki te hanga i ngā momo hou o momo creepers motu Galapagos, i meinga tetahi o nga tauira mo Darwin "Origin o Momo e Founga o Natural Tīpakonga." Ranei he tauira o te makipai puru, kotahi taupori e ora i roto i Haina, me te tahi atu - i roto i Spain.

tikanga motuhake Taiao

E pā ana te take o te noho wehe uri o tenei momo ki te rerekētanga i roto i ngā taupori o ngā āhuatanga tupuranga o tetahi momo ora symmetrically, e ko i te rohe taua. Hei tauira, e kore e tupuranga puawai ranei taima hāngai. I runga i te rohe California symmetrically reira e rua nga tu o rakau paina: kotahi momo o te hae ninii i roto i te Hui-tanguru, me tetahi atu - i roto i April. kua riro kaupeka wehe kaiao ratou uri. TAUIRA wehe uri, engari puta reira e tika ana ki te pātengi raraunga pewa te rerekē whakaatu toru ngā momo o te hiri Antarctic e puta i tetahi tupuna phylogenetic. kai Hīra Veddelya ika anake, moana reparo - kororā me kekeno, ko Ross hiri - cephalopods.

Dokopulyatsionnye momo o motuhake whakaputa uri

wehe Mechanical - kahore hua o pairing meinga e te hanganga rerekē o te whekau whakaputa uri copulative ranei. Hei tauira, ngā momo rerekē o te paari i rerekē āhua puawai me te e pollinated e te tahi atu pi. Ko te taua hononga ki waenganui i te tāwhara me hummingbirds. Interspecies kahui rere arata'i Drosophila ki wharanga ranei te mate o te hoa.

wehe Ethological - e kore pairing tika ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te whanonga fakasekisualé (i roto i te faahoaraa, te waiata, te kanikani, luminescence pheromones rerekētanga ranei). Hei tauira, tata momo o fireflies i wahine arä ekengia rerekē e rarapa ana (ki rerekē auau, me te roanga). Hoki, kia reira kia whakahuatia i roto i tenei horopaki, te momo-motuhake waiata i pihoihoi me poroka. A i runga i te kahui tikanga o manu mohio katoa.

wehe tohuhema - kore o ngā o tohuhema ranei gamete mate. mohiotia te oraraa o tenei momo o te mātao te experimentally. Hei tauira, e rua ngā momo o te kina moana ki kikiritanga waho whiti geneticists American me Denis Brachet. wairakau hua te engari mate te kukune i te tīmatanga o te gastrulation.

Poslekopulyatsionnye momo o motuhake whakaputa uri

E pā ana tēnei ki te noho tuwhera tonu-kore o te hua manu wairakau me te mate o te ira i roto i te tīmatanga o te ontogeny. Ranei ki te mate o te tamaiti (ranei takitahi) tae paari fakasekisualé. Tino tata ki te ariā o te taratahi tohuhema.

Ko te sterility o kararehe ranu

Te nuinga o nga kararehe i ora e horomata hybrids interspecific, e kore arā taea ki te whakaputa i uri. pea te okotahi hybrids semisterile. Ko te tino matatini te tikanga o tenei āhuatanga, e hāngai ana i runga i te ira, pūira take cytological ranei. Tenei he tauira tika o hybrids interspecific, e kua mohiotia ki katoa.

Ranu o te kaihe me te mare - muera. Ko nui atu i te kaihe, me te iti atu i te hoiho ia, i roto i te tua, i roto i te kararehe māmā. Kua whakawhanakehia hybrids momo tata kuri me wuruhi (volkosob, poluvolk) he pumanawa me manawanui i te kuri tikanga. E rave rahi ika aquarium - puka ranu (Aulonocara karakara). He ataahua, nui atu i te puka mātua ratou, engari ka hoko koutou e whakapūtā te takenga o te ika, te kore e kore koutou e tatari uri. Te tangata e matau e nga purapura o te uwhi (tōmato, kukama), tohua ki te F-1, - he puka kākano. Kua mahue nga hua o enei otaota mō te purapura.