Ture o Hammurabi, te pūtake tuhituhi tuatahi o te ture ranei

Ko te matamua pūtake o te ture whakaaro te ki hei te ture o Hammurabi, he huinga o ratou, i whakaritea te ora kaua ranei o te tawhito Karari hapori. kitea e matou i te reira i roto i tetahi o nga haerenga whaipara i roto i te rohe o Mehopotamia, i waenganui i te rongonui Hirekere me Uparati. Kua mahi whaipara French i Huhana, tetahi o nga pa matamua, kei roto i Iraq reira-ra. he kitenga faahiahia: te taonga o te ahurea rauemi, papa paru maha ki tuhinga cuneiform ngaro, oko. I roto ia ratou, ko te kaupapa motuhake - karā pango pou teitei o 2.25 mita. I taupokina rawa te wahi o raro ki pūāhua cuneiform. I runga kua oti te ahua o te atua Shamash te ra. homai ana e ia etahi te tangata pukapuka i roto i te kakahu kingi.

I kawea te kitea ki Paris, Farani, i roto i te National Museum o te Louvre. haere tonu nga kairangahau ki raptures, e kīa nei te inscriptions ngaro. Ko te mahi mīharo o te toi, me i te wa ano he whakamahara o te ture i tahito ra, Nō te "ture o te Karari kingi Hammurabi."

Kia pehea te i tenei rōia? I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahoki tenei pātai, e ti'a ia tatou titiro i te mahere tōrangapū o te rohe. I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XVIII. BC Mehopotamia Ko ia he maha o nga pa, e maha nei whakataetae ki ia atu. piri Hammurabi enei āhua ki te kōwae kotahi, mutu riri tara, a whiriwhiria Papurona rite tona whakapaipai. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakakotahi tona kaha, e te reira ona huinga ake o ngā ture me tikanga. Ko te kōrero o Hammurabi tenei, a he aha te mea to ratou wāhi?

Ko te rōia, i tukua i runga i ki na te Shamash te kingi, Kei te tito o te whakataki, te oko (maha katoa o nei he rite ki te 282), me te whakatau mutunga. whakaaro Tūkinotanga o ratou i te kino ki te atua, na i whiua rawa rawatia. Hammurabi o Papurona i ki te hoatu te rangimarie, te whakawa me te te pai. haaputuhia i roto i te puka casuistic tuhinga, e ko, e kore ratou e whakaahua te ture whānui me ngā take motuhake o te ora.

kī Hammurabi wehenga o te hapori ki tonu, me te taurite. Hoki te hara i taua pahono ratou rerekē. whakamahia te āhua mahi pononga, ka ngohengohe ia ki te pai ai o tona ariki te tangata katoa a ti'aturi. Heoi, kia whai i tona ake pāmu, te utuafare te pononga a tae noa ki te tomo ki whakawhitinga ā-. ngä Hammurabi te hanganga o te taonga tūmataiti, engari whakahaere i ano ia te whanaungatanga ā-iwi, me te whānau, whakapapa.

Ko reira ngā me te kaupapa here taihara o te Karari State. hiahia Hammurabi ki te whakakore i te kino, i whawhai ki te kaimahi, atuakore, me te kino. ka karanga hoki utu, whiu ana ture, e i rite ki te kino i meinga. O te parau tumu o "te kanohi mo te kanohi, he niho mo te niho", e ka puta i roto i te Bibilia puta konei. I tua atu, whakamahia ratou te whakaweti, he pūnaha o whaina me te whakamātautau tūmatanui rite te tuaukiuki o te pūnaha iwi, i tangohia ki pūkete huru fakama'ama'a iá.

Ahakoa te rōia Hammurabi whakamahia rawa te wa poto, tona mana i runga i te whanaketanga o te tikanga ture o te ao, ko te tino taonga.