Tuhinga: "taku Universities" (Maxim Gorky)

whakaaro tatou waia koe koe ki mahi pukapuka mōna, whakapumautia i roto i 1923, i kite i tona whakarāpopototanga. "Taku Universities" tuhituhi Maxim Gorky (whakaahua i raro nei). Mahi e whai ake nei i te wahi.

haere Alyosha ki Kazan. Te hinaaro ia ki te ako, e hiahia ana ia ki te haere whare wānanga. Heoi, e kore e whakawhanakehia te ora rite whakaritea. I o Alekseya Peshkova te whakarau, ka ako koe i te tai'oraa i te whakarāpopoto. "Taku Universities" - he mahi i roto i nei te kaituhi whakaahua ana tona tamarikitanga. Ko te wāhanga o te raupapa pukapuka mōna hoki e ngā "Kōhungahunga" me tenei "Ko te iwi." whakaoti huinga te kōrero "aku Universities". e kore e Whakarāpopototanga Matua o nga pene tuatahi e rua o ona wahi i roto i tenei tuhinga māngai.

Life i Evreinov

Alex kitenga tae i roto i Kazan e kore e whai ia ki te faaineine no te whare wānanga. noho Tino rawakore Evreinov kihai ia i taea te whangai. Heoi kahore e kai ratou i tina, ka haere ia ki te whare i roto i te ata, titiro hoki te mahi. A i roto i te rangi kino e noho ana i roto i te whawhe, kihai i matara atu i to ratou fare, te protagonist o nga mahi "aku Universities". Whakarāpopoto, me te te aamu iho, i oti rawa ki te wā o te ora o Gorky i 1884 ki te 1888.

Taunga ki Guriem Pletnevym

E mea pinepine, i roto i te wātea i te rota i haere ia ki te tākaro i roto i te pa ākonga taitamariki. Here hanga Alyosha hoa ki Guriem Pletnevym, kaimahi tā. Ka ako pehea uaua te ora ko Alyosha, tapaea ia ki te neke i roto i tahi ia ia, ka timata ki te faaineine no te mahi o ngā kaiako tuawhenua. Heoi, ka haere mai tetahi mea o tenei kaupapa. kitea Alyosha rerenga i roto i te whare te hautoa, nohoia e te ākonga rawakore, me te hiakai tāone. Pletnev i te po ki te mahi me te whiwhi 11 hēneti i runga i te po. Alyosha i runga i tona moenga moe ka haere ia ki te mahi.

Te kaikōrero, Aleksey Peshkov, i te ata mo te wai wera rere ki te wharekai tata. Pletnev i roto i te pānui i tea rotarota rorirori, ka korerotia e ia rongo i nūpepa. Na ka haere ia ki te moenga, a ka haere Alesha ki te tauranga o te Täingäwai ki te mahi. toia ia pikaunga, rakau ruri. Na ka noho Alyosha i roto i te hotoke ki te mutunga o te raumati.

Derenko me toa

whakaahua tatou atu mau ohipa e hanga ake te whakarāpopoto. "Taku Universities" tonu e i roto i 1884, i roto i te hinga, tetahi o nga ākonga ki nei ko ia kaikōrero maheni, arahina ia ki a Derenkov Anaru Stepanovich. Ko te rangatira o te toa falekoloa. Ahakoa nga huuhuu kihai i mohio e i roto i te fare o te pāhoro-whakaaro, pukapuka rāhuitia Andrei Stepanovich tamarikitanga o rongoa i roto i tona whare moenga.

Alyosha hohoro hanga hoa ki te rangatira o te toa. tai'o ia he rota, a awhinatia ia i roto i tona mahi. maha converged ahiahi ākonga tiketike-kura, ngā ākonga. He paihere o ratou i ngangau. Enei e tino iwi rerekē i te hunga ki nei noho Alex i te Lower. Ratou, rite ia, i kino te ora puhoi o te bourgeois pai-whangai, hiahia ki te huri i te raupapa ngā. I roto ia ratou nga tahae, toe ki te ora i roto i Kazan mai hoki mai i te whakarau i roto i Siberia.

Kite porowhita hou

noho mohio New i roto i te manukanuka, ka manukanuka ki te heke mai o Russia. He āwangawanga e pā ana o te iwi Russian te whakarau ratou. E au ra i te mau taime e i te tangi o ana whakaaro ake ratou korero Peshkov. uru ia i roto i te porowhita o hui i tū ratou. Heoi, whakaaro kaikōrero "hōhā" enei puringa. Ia te tahi mau taime whakaaro mohio ia pai atu te nuinga i te ora o ratou kaiako. i tai'o ia he rota o o te mea ratou e korerotia, kua roto i te rota ia.

Jobs krendelnom Semenova institution

Alexei Peshkov tata i muri i tona hui tuatahi ki Derenkov piri te whare krendelnoe, i arahina e semenov. ka anga ia ki te mahi i konei i roto i te tūranga o te kaihanga taro pia. Ko Restaurant i roto i te whawhe. kore i Alyosha mahi i roto i taua tikanga fuu. i ahau ki te mahi 14 haora i te ra i roto i te paru, me te wera wairangi. housemate Mahi Semenova huaina "arestantikami". kihai i taea e Alexei Peshkov farii i te meka e kawe na hamumu ake ratou whakaweti nanakia-ope. tai'o e ia he huna mahi i ana pukapuka tapui. hiahia ahau ki te hoatu te tumanako ki enei iwi e taea e te ora tino rerekē, Aleksey Peshkov (Gorky). "E taku Universities", he whakarāpopototanga o te mea i roto i te hōputu o te tuhinga taea te hoatu anake i roto i ngā whānui, whakaahua haere tonu ruma ngaro.

ruma Secret i roto i te parāoa

Alexei semenov i te parāoa hohoro haere ki te mahi ki Derenkov nei whakatuwheratia te parāoa. Income i reira i mahara ki te hoatu i runga i ngā whāinga hou. Alexei Peshkov konei e ki te taro oumu, te pokepoke i te paraoa pokepoke, me wawe i te ata, te maua e te ahu kete rārangi pōhā i tatau ki te tatau, te maua e taro i roto i te wharekai ākonga. whakaahua ana tenei katoa te Maxim Gorky ( "aku Universities"). Whakarāpopoto, kia hanga kua meinga matou mārama ki te kaipānui e i roto i tona tamarikitanga ka hiahia i roto i ngā mahi hou Gorky. Na reira, i kite mātou i he mātārere, polosiua, ngā pukapuka, i hoatu e ia i roto i ata me tunu te tangata kia raro i ona pīrori.

Kei ruma Secret i roto i te parāoa. he iwi hoki nei i hoko te take anake taro enei. hohoro timata Bakery tenei ki te whakaoho whakapae pirihimana. pirihimana Nikiforich ko "kahu Karapotia ana" a tawhio Alyosha. ka ui ia ki a ia e pā ana ki te manuhiri ki te parāoa, me te pukapuka, e korerotia ana e Alex, karangatia ia ki a ia.

Michael Romas

I roto i te parāoa ahau tae mai i roto i te tokomaha noa atu, a Romas Michael Antonovich, tona ingoa whakatoi te Little Russian. Reira ko te whanui-chested, tangata nui ki te pahau mawhatu mawhatu, me te matenga heu i roto i te Tatar. whakamahia ia ki te noho i roto i te kokonga, me te fakalongolongo he paowa kau he putorino. Michael Antonovich, tahi ki te kaituhi Korolenko Vladimir tata hoki Galaktionovich i hononga Iakūta. noho ia i roto i Krasnovidovo, e kore te mea matara atu i Kazan Täingäwai kainga. Here whakatuwheratia Romas toa, i hokona taonga cheap. whakaritea ano e ia he mahitahi o kaihao. i te reira ki te kia Michael Antonovich ki inconspicuous me watea ki te kawe i runga i te whakatö-pāhoro i roto i nga peasants, ta nei Maxim Gorky ( "aku Universities"). hopoi mai whakarāpopototanga te kaipānui ki Krasnovidovo, kua whakaritea e nei ki te haere i runga i waewae.

haere Alyosha ki Krasnovidovo

I roto i 1888, i roto i Hune, i te tetahi o ana toronga ki Kazan Romas Alyosha te whakaaro ahau ki a ia ki te haere ki te kainga ki te āwhina i roto i te hokohoko. i korero hoki Michael Antonovich ki te āwhina Peshkov ako. Noatia, Maksimych rite maha i huaina nei Alexei, whakaae ahau ki reira. kore i hoatu e ia ake tona moemoea o pūtaiao. Haunga, whakapai hoki ia ki te Romas - tona ata vilitakí, te whakangawari, puku. i pākiki ki te mohio e pā ana ki te mea i tenei hero puku Alex.

he torutoru Maksimych ra i muri i ahau i roto i Krasnovidovo. I ia te whakahaere roa ki te Romas i runga i te po tuatahi o tona taenga. Kōrero ki Alexei rawa nui. I aru tenei e te tahi atu ahiahi, ka katia piri kuware, tahuna te rama i roto i te ruma. ka mea a Michael Antonovich, me te whakarongo ano nga peasants ki a ia tokanga. ka Alyosha i te tuanui, ako ahau pakeke, lau he rota, haere i roto i te kainga, ka korero ki kaimahi rohe.

ahi

haere ia i runga i ki te whakaahua i te mau ohipa o tona ora i roto i te pukapuka ā-"aku Universities" kawa. hua Whakarāpopototanga whakamōhio te mea matua.

Local taonga me te upoko ki te Romas i kino, hihira. I te po, i takoto ratou whanga i hoki a ia, tamata ki whakatangi ake i roto i tona oumu wharau, a ka, i te mutunga o te raumati, tahuna te toa Romasya me ona hua katoa. Alyosha, ka mau te reira te ahi, kei roto i te tuanui i runga katoa tino rerenga ki te whakaora i te pouaka i roto i nei i reira nga pukapuka. tata tahuna ia ia, engari fifili peke i te matapihi, takaia i roto i te sheepskin.

poroporoaki Romasya

Romas tata i muri faaoti ki ahi i te kainga ki te waiho. Mea poroporoaki ki Aliosha eve o tona wehenga atu, whiua ia ki te titiro marie i katoa, kia mahara ano e haere katoa, huringa mea katoa mo te pai. Ahakoa 20 tau o Alekseyu Maksimovichu. Ko reira he kaha, nui, tamaiti rorirori ki kanohi puru. i tupu ia he huruhuru roa, a kahore e kua protruded ratou i roto i ngā ahunga rerekē o te vortices. cheekbones High, kihai i ataahua tona mata puhuki. Otira kua puta ke ai, ka ataata Alexei.

Childhood: te ora Kashirinyh

A, no te he kurumetometo, te aito o "aku Universities" (Gorky), poto o nei e tatou hiahia i roto i te te ihirangi, ko tetahi tamaiti nohinohi, taitamariki kaimahi koa Kashirinykh Gypsy (kuia adoptee), kotahi ka korerotia ki a ia e Alyosha "iti, me te riri." Na ko e pono te take. I riri ki tona koroua Peshkov ka kino ia ia tona tupuna i runga i ona hoa, ki te e tukinotia ratou e te hunga i ngoikore i runga i o ratou mano mo ratou apo, ratou hina, te ora puhoi. i rite ki te whawhai me te tautohe tonu ia, whakahē ki te meka e dehumanize, ora, me te kia ora.

Āta, haamata Alex ki ite e te mea tika te whakaaro nui o tona kuia ko kore tonu. ka mea mai te wahine nei e ki te hiahia mahara mau te pai, me te wareware i te kino. Heoi, ua Alyosha e kore e tatou e wareware i te reira, e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi ki a reira ki te te tangata rawakore whakangaro, pahua tona ora. Āta, tupu tona ngakau whakarongo ki te aroha o te tangata mo ia, te faatura i te mahi. rapu e ia i nga wahi katoa e pai ana, me te pakeke ki a ia i here ina kitea. Na, ka herea Alyosha ki te kuia, te ngahau, me te tupato gypsy ki Smouri, he rakau kukupa. tutaki ahau te iwi pai , a ka mahi ia i te ataahua, ko Romasya, ahau U Derenkova, ahau U Semenova, Gorky ( "aku Universities"). Tuhinga e pene whakamōhio te pūāhua matua anake, na e kore matou e whakaahua katoa. hoatu Alyosha ahau he kupu whakaari nui ki te mahi i enei iwi.

Ka rite ki nga wa katoa, i āwhina te pukapuka mahino ia maha nga mea i roto i te ora, faataa, ka timata Alex ki te hamani tuhinga atu taumaha, tono. Ko ia he ora i te tamarikitanga kawea i roto i tona ngakau i mahara tonu te koa o te mohio tuatahi ki nga mahi o Lermontov, Pushkin, ki ngā here waiata, tales patupaiarehe o tona kuia ...

Pānui pukapuka, hiahia Alexei Peshkov ki kia rite ratou marohirohi, a ka hiahia ki te whakatau i roto i te taua i te toku ora "faingofua, te tangata whakaaro nui," na kawea e ia te reira ki te ūkui i te ara, e ka hei te pono, tika, me te pakeke rite te hoari.

"Universities" Gorky

noho tawhiti muri whakaaro o te mātauranga teitei. A rahua reira ki te mahi i Alyosha. "Taku Universities" (e kore e whakarāpopototanga whakakapi i te mahi ano) mutu ki te whakaahuatanga o te āhua o ia "I atiutiu noa i roto i te ora" hei utu o ako i te whare wānanga, ako iwi ki te whiwhi matauranga i roto i te porowhita tamarikitanga pāhoro whakaaro, he rota o te whakaaro, me te whakapono i roto i taua tangata atu ataahua, me te nui. Life ano ko tona whare wānanga. Ko te kupu tenei mea ia i roto i tona toru o haukiri, ki nei kua whakaurua e matou te kaipānui, he whakarāpopototanga poto whakaahua - "aku Universities". Pānuitia taea te hua taketake kia āhua 4 h. A haamana'o na e ngā te huinga toru pukapuka mōna o te aamu i muri nei: "Kōhungahunga", "te iwi", "taku Universities". Whakarāpopototanga o te 4 tau whakamutunga i te hua whakaahua ana te ora o Alekseya Peshkova.