Tuatau tūpou: ture me okotahi

E pā ana tūpou tuatau ki te pahuhu unknown ranei referent (ahanoa, tangata) ranei i runga i tona taonga. Ēnei tūpou ngā: te tahi mea, te tangata, te tahi mea, te tangata, tetahi, tetahi, me ētahi atu e hanga e ratou i te tūpou tūpātai, me nga tamahanahana whakamahi-kore, me Postfix -Ko koe. , someday.-ranei. Hei tauira, te tangata - te tangata, tētahi, te tangata, tētahi; te wahi - wahi, tau wahi, wahi, ki hea; te nui o - te nui o te torutoru, nui atu iti iho ranei.

Whakarōpū i runga i te pūtake o o'na tuatau Tohutoro

Na, kua wehea tūpou tuatau i roto i te reo Russian ki:

• Tohutoro - ira ki te ahanoa ngā e vai i roto i te parau mau (koe-ka, te tahi mea, te tangata). I roto i te tahuri, ka taea te wehea te tūpou tohutoro i runga i te pūtake o mōhiotia unknown ranei mo akomanga e rua:
  
  1) tūpou painga tautuhi - e whakamahia i roto i te āhuatanga i reira mohiotia te kaikōrero te ahanoa, engari i te wa ano, e kore e amo e te mohiotia ai mo te faaroo (kotahi koe, kotahi-ka te koe uara) (hei tauira: ka korerotia e ahau ki a koutou tetahi ngaro);
  
  2) tūpou papû ore - e whakamahia ana ki te whakapuaki i te ahanoa unknown te kaikōrero (i runga i tūpou -Ko) (hei tauira: Na Ivan tangata ka haere mai).
• Non-referential - tohu unfixed, ahanoa kāore i (mea katoa i-ranei, mahana) (hei tauira: Me ahau ki te inoi mo te tetahi atu).

Tūpou prefixed ki-kore

Enei ko: kotahi, etahi, etahi, te tahi mea. Ko te rua tuatahi o o'na tohu rongo, tohutoro ki te korero unknown, me te kaiwhakarongo. Kore e kore e kia huaina e ratou e whai ake: tūpou tuatau. Tono e taea te whakatakoto ratou pera:

• Ki ahau i roto i te Whare ka tae mai tetahi tangata taitamariki, kakahu i roto i te kakahu ma.
• ka haere mai te whare toku kaiako, te tangata Ivasjuk, kaiako faahiahia, me te tangata.

Ano i roto i tenei raupapa e ētahi wā tūpou whakamahia ki te faaite mahi introduktivnoy, ie. E. hoki te whakataki i te timatanga o te kuputuhi o pūāhua hou me huru. Hei tauira:

• I roto i te rangatiratanga ...

Te tahi mea, te tangata, i roto i ētahi wā ka taea e faaite i te unknown ki te korero. tikanga o tēnei e ka meinga e ratou he rerekētanga i roto i te tūpou -Ko. Hei tauira:

• Te tahi mea ma, me te rere fluffy me hūpeke i runga i te Ahaaha ngahere.

Tūpou i runga i te toronga

tikanga tūpou tuatau ki aha oe te ki te whakapuaki i te unknown me te korero tohutoro:

• āta ahau whakarongo a mohio e mau i reira he tangata i roto i te ruma.

Ano i runga i o'na e kore e taea te whakamahi -Ko i roto i waiwai tona tikanga, me te tikanga mahana:

• Te tangata me inaianei noho i runga i te ohipa.

I roto i te tua, he raupapa o runga toronga introduktivnuyu taea te mahi i te mahi o:

• tuhituhi ētahi ākonga-mataotao i runga i te papatuhi tenei absurdity.

Tūpou ki mahana

whakaritea te uara o te tūpou kore-referential te i runga i te pūtake o ngā āhuatanga pū motuhake me ngā momo horopaki wahi whakamahia o'na.

Tūpou ki hoê mahana fakahu'unga e tetahi whakaaro ko te rerekē ki (te taea o) ki te tahi atu. Ko, i roto i tenei take, e pā ana ki te horopaki o "atu-tōna." tenei ahua o te papamuri taea puta:

• ki te mea i reira te mea he āhuatanga tuku ki te heke mai;
• ki te reira ko te āhuatanga, he rerekē, tae noa tuku ki te hakari mua ranei;
• te whakamahi i te horopaki Distributivity.

Na, whakaaro tenei katoa i roto i te taipitopito atu. I roto i te take tuatahi, he tūpou tuatau ki mahana kia whakamahia ki:

• wā heke mai wetereo (ka arahi ia te tahi mau hi'oraa: ka tutaki ratou wahi);
• Tāutanga mo te heke mai, tae atu ki ngā tono (hiahia Irina ki te haere vahi, Vladimir rapu hoki te tahi mea ngā ki a koutou, ui ia ia te tahi mea ki te tuhituhi);
• mō te nui (anake te horopaki o te mahi reo o te whakaaetanga, ara mo te tikanga) (Waiata te tahi mea, korero koe a matou he aha te tetahi irava, ahau hohoro te tiki i te kiriata);
• kaha modality tika ranei (i taea (kia) kia reira taata ki te karanga, kua tangata korero: e hiahia ana koe te tangata ki te karanga);
• subjunctive, oplativa (pai kawea ia te tahi mea ki te inu; he ahau pai ki te mahi i tetahi mea mo ia);
• ki te whakatau i te ūnga (kia mahi ratou i te tahi mea, e hiahia ana matou i te moni).

I roto i te take tuarua, whakamahia te tūpou mo te faaiteraa:

• (Un) tino, Īhaka (ngakau rua ahau e he reira ki te mahi i te tahi mea, e kore e whakaaro mohio ratou tetahi mea e pā ana ki reira, ke e kitea e ratou tetahi mea, ia mahue whakauaua ki hea: mārama reira tetahi ka karanga ahau ki waho: ki te mea kua kawea e ia te tahi mea (inanahi));
• pātai (ano hoki kōrero) whakapae pātai (tetahi huaina I tetahi atu i tetahi feaa e, e parau mau tenei?);
• disjunction (ka mau ratou ki a Alain ranei tetahi o ona hoa);
• tikanga (ki te huna tetahi mea, utua ratou mo taua mea);
• epistimicheskoy modality (taea kino ia tangata a ia);
• whakakāhoretanga i roto i ngohengohe predication (kore e whakaaro kia huri ratou i tetahi mea).

Hoki te toru o nga take faahiti taua tauira: ia arahi te tangata ki a ia.

fetonginauna tūpātai, mahi mahinga tuatau

kia mahue ai hōputu pahuhu i roto i te tahi mau horopaki. Kia whakarite tatou i te whakamahi tūpou tuatau i roto i ngā pātai autaki, me rarangi here:

pātai tītaha :

• whakaaro ia ka whakaaro, a tonu karanga - kitea i roto i te mea e te mea e hiahia ana koe.
• I roto o te kokonga o tona kanohi tamata ia kia kite ki te reira he tangata e tata ana te mīhini.

rerenga Herenga :

• Ki te tupu te tahi mea whaitake - ka waiho ratou hari.
• Ki te tae mai te tangata, marama te rama matomato.

kīanga tūpou tuatau

I tua atu ki enei tūpou o ta'engata tuku iho, ngā ano ratou:

• tūpou Reduplicated: wahi te wahi te tangata nei (wai-nei, a kihai i taea e ia e mohio).
• Tūpou taupū e hāngai ana kei roto -Ko formant (pera me te pera, i reira he tahi mea, no te mea te tahi mea, me ētahi atu) (ka te tahi mea, me te ka te tahi mea ka taea e koe te rave i te nganatanga).
• Etahi o nga kupu, no ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te kupu, e mahi rite tohutoro pahuhu noa: huinga napodobii o tetahi ranei te tahi atu; Tūāhua mohiotia tautuhia; tetahi tau ingoa.
• wae Pronominal he prepositive wae "amalgam" - te waihanga tūpou e hāngai ana spusinga, dunno-momo: e kore ahau e mohio ko wai (e kore e mahi i) ko reira mārama e kore tetahi tangata e mohio ka, e kore ahau e mahara ki rite te pai kia rite ki ētahi atu.
• wae Pronominal kei roto postpositive wae "kvazirelyativy" - hanganga pronominal kei roto i te pūtake peakless rara whanaunga: hea, rite e reira, taata e hiahia ana koe, a na reira i runga i ..

tūpou tōraro me te tuatau

I te timatanga te tino mea matou e kua hanga e o'na o ta'engata i te tūpātai ki etahi ngā kuhimua me Postfix. Ko motu ke i a ratou, i te puka tūpātai a taea hei fetonginauna kino, anake tenei wa ki te awhina o ngā kuhimua pērā i kore - ni- me te wahi - i reira he wahi nui - e kore e i te katoa, nei - e kore, ka - ake, etc ..

I tua atu, tūpou kino, me te tuatau i tetahi mea i roto i te noa: hāngai ratou āhuatanga syntactic me morphological ki te hunga me te hunga i nei e hanga e ratou, e ko, i te tūpātai.

Tūpou ki te vahiraa tōraro

Tohatoha fetonginauna tuatau, āhuatanga polarizations kino. Ko ētahi o ēnei: mea katoa, me te mutu i roto i-ranei. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu e nehenehe e tatou te mea e ahu ratou ki te waiho i te horopaki kino. I roto i tenei take, e taea te whakakapi ratou i roto i etahi horopaki tūpou kino. Hei tauira:

• kihai i ahau i kite i tetahi (tūpou tuatau) ātete i runga i to ratou ara o te ora.

Engari o te whakamahi taea o te ahua tetahi mea katoa. Hoki, e taea te whakakapi i enei tūpou ki kahore kino. Ranei tenei:

• e kore ahau e mea ana ki te huri i tetahi mea / au e kore e haere ahau ki te huri i tetahi mea.

Ko reira utu te whakahua ko kotahi okotahi: ki te whakamahia te whakakorehanga e i roto i te rarangi matua, e taea te whakamahi anake atu ranei te rarangi kaimahi - ranei, rite he reira taea - te kupu iwi kino. Hei tauira:

• e kore e mohiotia te reira ahakoa tenei pukapuka ake (engari e kore e kore) mahia.

Papa'iraa tūpou kino, me te tuatau

Ka taea e koe te tīpako i enei momo o ture mō te tuhi i ēnei tūpou:

• te whakamahi o matūriki, me te kore tetahi;
• e kore e matūriki motuhake, me te tauta tuhituhi a kahore ki te tūpou;
• defisnoe takikupu o o'na.

Na:

• E kore te te matūriki i tuhituhia e te nako, me kahore - kahore ahotea (kahore, kotahi, kahore, te tahi mea, ahua, e kore e i te katoa, wahi, wahi, te tahi mea, kahore).
• Ki te kahore he kupu whakahoki, e kore mahi nga matūriki me kore kia tuhituhia rite te kupu kotahi (e kore, torutoru, te tahi mea e, kahore, kahore kahore tetahi), me te mea e wātea ana motuhake, i runga i tenei take kia tu i waenganui i nga matūriki me tūpou (i roto i kahore tetahi, kahore tetahi, ki tetahi mea, ki te kahore). Ko te kupu, whiwhi tatou i te huinga e ngā o kupu e toru.
• Papa'iraa tūpou tuatau ko e ngā ratou te koe kuhimua me pīmuri mahana-na, he mea e tika ana-ranei pīhono.
• kahore kīanga atu (atu), ka rite ki tetahi atu (tetahi) kore te tuhituhia ki te matūriki, me motuhake i roto i te aroaro o nga matūriki rite wehea i roto i tona ngaro. kia tuhituhia o'na tangata me te kahore rite ki tikanga whānui, ara, kahore he ahotea me kahore te pūtūmua matūriki ranei tuhituhi matou, me te tūpou tahi (te mea ke atu (atu), kahore tetahi atu (atu)).
• I roto i te kīanga i runga e taea te whakahuatia te patoiraa i te Union kore anake rite te pai, engari e me mua enei kautaha (ka korerotia te aamu ki a ia e tona koroua, me kahore atu). E tano ia tapao e kore e te tahi atu ngā enei o whakakorehanga i roto i te rerenga kōrero e.
• Ko ngā kīanga e kore tetahi atu (atu), te mea ke atu (atu), e whakamahia ratou ki te mahi i ki te pato'iraa, pera i roto i te rerenga kōrero, te wahi i reira he whakakāhoretanga (Kahore atu he pai e kore hoki koutou ki te mahi), me te tino uaua i roto i te rerenga kōrero wahi i reira he kahore whakakahore (anake e ia me kahore tetahi atu). Me kï reira e te korakora o tetahi huinga o ngā raraunga tuhituhia huihui ki te tūpou.

I taea te kite, kei te takikupu o nga tūpou tōraro me te tuatau te ture tika ohie me etahi okotahi ki a ratou. Na reira, ki te he te reira pai ki te matau i te kaupapa, te raruraru ki te takikupu tika, me te whakamahi o ēnei tūpou kia kore e. Na te hunga e ako English, e kore e tūpou tuatau meinga tetahi uauatanga, no te mea te whakamahi ratou ture ōrite ki te hunga i roto i te reo Rusia.

Tauira o ngā ture i roto i te reo Ingarihi

Fakakaukau ki he founga ki te whakamahi i te tūpou tuatau tino noa. Ingarihi ēnei ngā :. Tetahi, te tahi mea, te tangata, tētahi, tetahi, tetahi, taata, etc. Na:

• Kei te tino maha whakamahia tūpou tuatahi i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero ki te whakakāhoretanga mārama, faka'ikai'i matū, me te take;
• Ko te toru e whai ake nei e whakamahia i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero faaiteraa i roto i ngā take e whai wāhi mai tetahi;
• te toru o muri e whakamahia i roto i te rerenga kōrero kino; i roto i te pātai whānui; i roto i te rerenga kōrero herenga; i roto i te rerenga faaiteraa me tōraro, ki te whakamahia te tūpou te ki te tikanga o "tetahi, ia".