Tēhea o whare i runga i mōrearea ahi me te pahūtanga: tch. Ngā Kāwai o whare mo pūmate ahi me te pahūtanga: tauira

I roto i te production o tenei ra hangarua te ka whakamahia te nui o ngā rauemi pūkākā, ka pakū. E hāngai ngā aho production i te tere tiketike o te mahi. hua nui ake ai te hua i roto i te rohe ki tawhā nui pērā i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, te ōwehenga o te kaipitihāora me wahie wāhanga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, te whakanui ake i te riri pea o pahūtanga me ahi, kaha kino e ai kino rauemi nui, hua i roto i te whara nui ranei te mate o kaimahi o hinonga. Ka rite ki te tātaritanga o ngā aituā nui me ratou hopearaa kahore e herea ki te hanga ano o nga hinonga ratou, engari ano hoki ki te wāhi noho a tawhio noa. Aromatawai o te causality rave rahi hangarau taea ki a koe te tango i te āraihia tika, i roto i te mahi o ngā pūnaha production kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa hangarau mo te hoahoa, te faaineineraa o ngā kaupapa me ngā mahere, me te i roto i hanga. I roto i tenei anga te whakamahia mō te tēhea o ngā whare pahūtanga me ahi mōrearea. Whakaaroa tenei whakarōpū i roto i te taipitopito.

Overview

Tātaitanga o pahūtanga kāwai me whare mōrearea ahi taea te faaotiraa whāinga o te taumata herenga o te riri o rave rahi hangarau. I runga i enei tawhā i te whanaketanga me te substantiation o nga rongoā whakahaere, me te hangarau. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, te whakarite wāhi mahi tino arotau i roto i nga rohe o te tūpono manakohia.

turanga normative

Hei whakaora i te ora, te hauora, taonga o hinonga ture, i whakaritea te municipality me te ahi kāwanatanga whakaaetia e te Federal Law tau 123. ona tūranga e nga tohutohu matua o te ture hangarau i roto i tenei ao. E whakatakoto ana te mahi normative i nga whakaritenga haumaru taketake mō whakaurunga, e ngā - paturaa, whare, ruma, whare, hanga o te ahi-hangarau, me te whānui. Tautuhi nga tikanga o te Code ture mea o Practice. I roto i runga ki tenei tēhea mahi kei runga i te pahūtanga whare, me te ahi mōrearea. SP 12. 13130. 2009 formulates te whakarōpūtanga rohe tikanga. Tei te reira i runga i te maha o ngā rauemi me ngā matū e kua whakamahia e roto ratou ranei. tango ano tohunga ki pūkete te tukanga hangarau. E ai ki te huinga o ngā ture whakaritea e te kāwai o te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea o te whare putunga me te hanga. e kore e taea te wehea te rohe mo te tahi atu mau tumu.

paearu whakarōpū

Kāwai o whare e takoto hoki pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea i roto i runga i te momo o ngā rauemi combustible me matū i roto i a ratou, i to ratou rahinga me ngā āhuatanga. I tua atu, tangohia ki whakaaro rongoā wāhi-whakamahere rohe me te āhuatanga o ngā tukanga e kua kawea i roto i roto ia ratou. whakaturia Āhuatanga o ngā rauemi me ngā matū e runga i te pūtake o te hua whiwhi ka whakamatautau tikanga paerewa tātaitanga tango ki pūkete nga tohu tūnga (pāmahana, te pēhanga me ētahi atu) ranei. whakaaetia whakaaetanga te ki te whakamahi i tohutoro, mana whakaputaina mōhiohio i runga i te rauemi me ngā āhuatanga o ngā matū. whakaaetia hoki ki te tono mehua mo ranunga o ngā rauemi, me matū o te wae tino mōrearea.

te mau parau tumu wehenga

whakapumautia Kāwai Whakapai o pahūtanga me te ahi pūmate tango ki te whakaaro te āhuatanga aituā, me nga āhuatanga whakamutunga o te rauemi tīmata, āhuatanga taputapu, etc. I roto i te tikanga i wehea ngā hāngai i runga i te mau parau tumu e whai ake nei .:

1. Whakaaetanga o te pea o ture (tauwhāiti) kore te mana.
2. Ko te tokomaha pūkete o ngā rauemi me matū hāngai ki te hanganga o te puehu ranunga kohu ranei e haafifi i.
3. Ka mau ia ki pūkete nga āhuatanga o te rauemi raw whakamahia i roto i te hanga.

Na roto i te tēhea o ngā whare mō te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea, kia tangohia tohunga te kē tino kino o te kino ranei i roto i te mahi noa o ngā pūnaha hangarau me huānga e hanga ai ki runga. Teie mau parau tumu i hanga te pūtake o te whakaritenga e me aru i roto i te whakarōpūtanga.

Tēhea o whare i runga i mōrearea ahi me te pahūtanga: SP

Hei aromatawai me te whakarite i te taumata o te riri, me te tohu o te tiaki tautuhi rima ngā rōpū, me te toru ngā akomanga. E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei o ratou āhuatanga.

E ai ki enei rōpū mahi te tēhea o ngā whare mō te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea. Papa, te aroaro i roto i te wāhi tuhinga ki te piha o te ahanoa. Ko ratou he whakaritenga faufaa o ngā tuhinga normative.

parau

Nga mahi overpressure, i te mea 5 kPa rite te mehua ine mō te puehu me te kohu ranunga. Tenei ahua, ko te kaimahi e kore te ora-te whakawehi. kua oti te whakarite Ngā Kāwai o whare mo pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea B1-B4 te whakamahi i te tawhā pūngao. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te kawenga motuhake (MJ / m2).

Tēhea o whare i runga i pahūtanga me te ahi pūmate (GOST)

I roto i te whakarōpūtanga tango me ki pūkete nga āhuatanga tinana, me te matū o ngā rauemi me ngā matū, me o ratou tawhā:

1. rōpū combustibility.
2. pēhanga mōrahi i roto i te pahūtanga me ona tere o te hua.
3. tikanga autoignition (wera).
4. Ko te taumata kukū o te horapa o te ahi.
5. tahu tere.
6. Autoignition pāmahana.
7. taupū hāora.
8. paemura.
9. Pātīmata pūngao (i raro).
10. Ko te rohe pāmahana mō mura whakatö.
11. Ko te kaha o te mura me te makape ki runga ki te whakapā ki ētahi atu pūhui, te hāora, te wai.
12. mura pāmahana.
13. paowa whakatupuranga whakarea.
14. Tawhā o ngā hua tāoke i hanga i roto i ngingiha o pūhui polymeric me ngā rauemi.
15. auau normative o horapa ahi.
16. Takapau Explosible Mōkito o te hāora.
17. taupū horapa ahi.
18. pāmahana pātīmata.
19. Phlegmatizing phlegmatizer kukū iti.

Ko te maha o ngā tawhā tika, me te rawaka mo nga āhuatanga o te pahūtanga me te mōrea ahi rauemi me matū i roto i ngā o ratou tukatuka, whakangao, rokiroki me te transportation, whakatakoto ana te kaiwhakawhanake te TU me GOST. Ka taea e tēnei mahi te mahi hoahoa i te pūnaha haumaru i te whare.

whakarōpū o matū

ka tēhea o ngā whare i te pahūtanga me te mōrea ahi kia hāngai i runga i te wehenga e whai ake:

1. Hau he matū i roto i nei te pēhanga kohu tino i te pāmahana. 25 nekehanga. rite ki nui atu i 101,3 kPa ranei.
2. rauemi Mārō i te pāmahana kakawaea (ira whakakoero) nui atu i te 50 nga nekehanga. a kahore he reira i te katoa.
3. Wai Ko te matū i roto i nei te kukū pēhanga kohu i te pāmahana. 25 nekehanga. me te pēhanga o iti iho i te 101,3 kPa 101,3 kPa.
4. E marara Dusts totoka, he rahi matūriki i roto i nei - iti iho i te 850 microns.

āhuatanga matua

kawea tēhea o ngā whare i te pahūtanga me te mōrea ahi i roto ki te tikanga e whai ake nei:

1. Ka mau ia ki pūkete te pānga tino kino o te kore pūrere.
2. nga tirotiro katoa o te tāutanga ki te ruma.
3. I roto i te wa e hiahiatia ana mo te katinga puta matū leakage tukutahi i te pēhanga me momi pipelines.
4. mutu tata Time ina ko te tūponotanga o te kore o te pūnaha aunoa kore neke atu i 10-6 ia tau whakarato huānga hapanga ranei. I te auau tiketike i roto i te tapahia aunoa - 120 hēkona, te tautuhinga ā--. 300 hekona.
5. Whakaetonga e wahi i te mata o te waka maringi pūkākā wai me tāke ki tuwhera whakaata me papa korari peita. i whakarite ona rohe e te tere o te 1 rita ia 1 sq. whare m. I roto i te ngaro o ngā raraunga tohutoro mō ranunga pūkākā taupū tātai i runga i te whakaaro e ringihia 1 rita o te wai kei roto 70% iti whakarewa ranei kei runga 0.5 sq. m.
6. riro te roanga o te whakaetonga te ki te waiho i te wā o te whakaetonga oti, engari e kore e neke atu i te 3600 hēkona.
7. Ki te kore te pūrere ki te tango ki te pūkete ona matūriki puehu papatipu reira i roto i te tipu. Ko te kupu pylenakoplenie whāngai i roto i runga i te tikanga mahi noa.
8. Te rōrahi noa i roto i te ruma e tangohia ai rite ki te 80% o te katoa.

tikanga mō te faaotiraa

Kia pehea te rite e te tēhea o ngā wāhi i te pahūtanga me te ahi pūmate? TKP 474-2013 - Code o mahi, formulates whakarōpū tikanga. hanga pārōnaki te whakamahi i huarahi deterministic me probabilistic. Ki te whakamutunga e ki pūkete te āhua matapōkere o ohorere. Ko te tikanga probabilistic taea ki tatou whakatau tata i te taumata tūturu o te ati i roto i te whānui me te i roto i te wā ngā. E hāngai ana te huarahi deterministic te i runga i te tātaritanga ine o te tuku pūngao moe utua i aituā hangarau. Me kï hoki āhuatanga o te tikanga e kua whakamahia i roto i te whakatau i te kāwai o te whare mō te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea. whakaatu ngā mātai take e āhuatanga te huarahi whakamahia e te tūponotanga o te takanga o te aituā, hāunga pūtake pātīmata me nunu'a o te tapawha.

Waehere hangarau

I roto i te runga i ona tikanga kawea i roto i te tēhea whānui o te whare mō te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea. e kore e TAP tono ki ngā, i hanga whakarōpū te rite ki ture motuhake me te whakaritenga. Me whakamahia te wehenga, kawea atu i roto i runga i te waehere ki te hanga i te whakaritenga mo te tiaki o ngā wāhi ka whakamahere, whakatau i te maha o whakapaparanga, rahi ECW. compartments, hōneatanga o iwi, tāutanga o taputapu engineering, whakaaetanga o rongoā whai hua, me te pera i runga i. kia te whakaritenga tangohia ki pūkete i roto i te kaupapa hanga, ao hōu, anō, hangarau anō-taputapu, me te te whakatikatika o ngā tukanga whakaputa i roto i te whakamahi o ngā.

Scope

I roto i ētahi wā, tautuhi ana te kāwai o ngā whare i te pahūtanga me te ahi pūmate? Tauira o ngā mahi i roto i te mea e tika ana ki te kawe i te whakarōpū i roto i te pātai, ngā te whai ake:

1. Operation.
2. Hoahoa.
3. Whakakapinga o te taputapu.
4. Te huri i hangarau.
5. Anō.
6. Whakakapinga o te hanga raukaha.

wāhanga

Tuatahi o te katoa me mea kia reira e kore e taea e nga whakahaere whakatinana te tēhea o ngā wāhi i te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea. Raihana - te tuhinga taketake whakamana i te hanga o taua mahi. Kei te mahi o e rua ngā wāhanga. I roto i te wā tuatahi kohikohi te mōhiohio e tika ana:

1. Te rahi me te āhuatanga o ngā taonga.
2. Taraiwa wāhi taputapu (mahi tuhinga).
3. Rauraraunga.
4. ture Hangarau.
5. Ko te tawhā me te kaupapa o te pūnaha ventilation.
6. Ko te hanganga o te mana aunoa o te tukanga tawhā.
7. Kaupapa tupohe i te pūnaha.
8. Ētahi atu raraunga e hāngai ana.

Ki te kawea te mahi i roto i te wā hoahoa, tangohia te mōhiohio e tika ana kei te i te tuhinga hangarau. I te wā tuarua, i roto i te meka, te tātai o te kāwai.

āhuatanga ture

whakatakoto tikanga i muri i te taki me te whakau i ngā kāwai o te whare. whakaratohia Protection o ngā i roto i runga i te State Paerewa. Ko reira, i roto i ngā, titau te aroaro o ngā pūnaha ārai ahi (SBS) me te tiaki ahi (SDR). I tua atu, i te whakarato o mehua whakahaere, me te hangarau (OTM). hoki formulates State Komiti Waeine whakaritenga mō ngā huarahi ki te tiaki i nga pūnaha MTP me SDR, e kōrero te tēhea o ngā whare mō te pahūtanga me te ahi mōrearea. NPB 105.03 (ture ture) te whakatau i te whakaritenga mō te tiaki me te wae pehanga AOP (pūnaha rapunga aunoa me te tupohe i pātīmata). He obligatory mō whakahaere me ngā hinonga enei whakaritenga, ahakoa o hononga tari, me te ahua o te mana, me te tangata tinana. momo whakaīngoatia wae, ahua o tinei tikanga, he ara ki te whakakore i te mōrea o te ahi, te momo o te taputapu tāuta i runga ki te āhuatanga hangarau o te ahanoa tiaki. e tenei ki pūkete te kaupapa ahi kaupapa me ngā whakaritenga ture. Ka taea te rawa tipu Space engineering ki ngā tukanga kaha, me te tahi atu taonga i roto i nei e kore e rauemi combustible roto, ki a AUOP me wae pehanga. I roto i ngā wāhi i reira i reira ko te whakaoho ahi, me tāuta e koe te pūnaha haumaru. A, no te ki te wāhi kaupapa hei taputapu AUPT, i 40% neke atu rānei o te rahi katoa o te patunga, ko reira e tika ana ki te whakarato mō te tāutanga o te pūnaha rite te katoa huri noa i te hanga. Hoki whare e pā ana ki te kāwai B1, heke S e 20%. I roto i tenei rōpū rohe B3 hanga whakaaetia te ki ake i te taha o te nui taua.

mutunga

Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, maha nui i nga toi me ngaio whai tēhea raruraru o whare me te whare. Na mātau me te tohunga ki te whakatū i te ahanoa rōpū he mahu'inga i roto i te hoahoa me te hanganga o ngā whare. Ki te kawea te mahi i roto i na roto i te Te Whakarōpū i ngā he pono reira, katoa o nga take hangarau e whakatika muri, ka whakatutuki tika. I raro i nga tikanga o te tau Federal ture 69, ia kaiwhakahaere he fatongia tikanga ki te tautuku ki te whakaritenga o te BOP. tikanga o tēnei e kia whakaratohia te kamupene he huinga o mehua whakahaere, me te ārai e hāngai ana te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o tuma ki te haumaru o ngā whakaurunga ahumahi, te ora me te hauora o ngā kaimahi, te tiaki o ngā uara rauemi me te production. Hapa i roto i te whakatau i te mehua tika kia arahi ki to ratou hapanga hē ranei. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, ka arahi ki te memeha noa o utu rauemi mō mehua ārai ahi.