Te tahu mewaro

Mewaro Ko te pūhui matū haurehu waihā ki te tātai matū CH4. Ko te māngai māmā o waiwaro tenei. Ētahi atu ingoa mō tēnei rōpū o ngā pūhui matū waro: whāiti, kukū, ranei waiwaro paraffinic. E āhuatanga ratou e ia i te here kotahi i waenganui i ngā ngota waro i roto i te rāpoi ngota, me kua kukū nga valences katoa o ia o nga ngota waro toe e ngota hauwai. Hoki waiwaro tahi te tauhohenga tino nui ko te tahunga. tahu ratou ki te hanga i hau hauhā me te kohu wai. Ka rite ki te hua, he nui nui o te pūngao matū tukua, kua tahuri nei ki te wera pūngao hiko ranei. Mewaro he wai pūkākā me te wāhanga matua o te hau tūturu, e hanga ana e ia he wahie ātaahua. I te ngakau o te whakamahi whānui o te tauhohenga pōhatu tūturu he mewaro parariraa. Mai te mea te reira i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa ko te hau, ko reira uaua ki te kawe i runga i tawhiti roa i te pūtake, pera he reira maha mua-liquefied.

Ko te tukanga ngingiha ko te tauhohenga i waenga i te mewaro me te hāora, i.e. i te piti hāora waiwaro tahi māmā. Tenei hua te hauhā, te wai, me te rota o te pūngao. Ka taea te whakaahuatia ngingiha o te mewaro i te whārite: te CH4 [hau] + 2O2 [hau] → CO2 [hau] + 2H2O [mamaoa] + 891 kJ. E ko, kotahi muingota o te mewaro i tauhohenga ki rua ngā rāpoi ngota o te hāora hanga te rāpoi ngota o te te hauhā me te rāpoi ngota wai e rua. tuku tenei pūngao wera, e te mea rite ki te 891 kJ. hau Natural Ko te ma mo te tahu parawae kia rite waro, te hinu, me te tahi atu kora e matatini ake i roto i te hanganga. Na reira, i roto i ngingiha emit ratou ki te rangi rerekē matū kino. Mai hau tūturu nuinga tito o te mewaro (e pā ana ki 95%), ka tahu i te reira whakauaua hua e-hua ranei o ratou hohoko he nui iti ake i roto i te take o te tahi atu kora matatoka.

Ko te uara calorific o te mewaro (55.7 kJ / g) he teitei ake i ona homologues, pērā i te ewaro atu (51.9 kJ / g), pōwaro (50.35 kJ / g), pūwaro (49.50 kJ / g), ranei kora (rakau, waro, karahīni). He wera mewaro hua atu pūngao. Hei whakarato hoki te tau aano atu 100 topuku W marama me tahu mahi 260 kg o te rakau, a 120 kg o waro, karahīni ranei 73,3 kg, 58 kg katoa o mewaro, e hāngai ana ki 78,8 m³ o hau tūturu ranei.

Ko te waiwaro tahi māmā te rauemi nui mō te hiko whakatupuranga. puta tenei mā te tahu i te reira rite wahie kōhua, whakaputa mamaoa e pei te mīhini huri hiko korohū. Hoki e whakamahia ana te ngingiha mewaro te ki te whakaputa i hau flue wera, tona pūngao ka taea mahi o te mīhini huri hiko hau (ngingiha mahi tae noa ki te mīhini huri hiko te mīhini huri hiko iho ranei). I roto i nga pa maha, te putorino, te mewaro ki kāinga mō te whakawera kāinga me te tunu kai. Ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o te pūwaro wahie tahu hau tūturu he whanaketanga iti o te hauhā me te nui nui o te wera i hanga.

whakamahia ngingiha o te mewaro te ki te whakatutuki pāmahana teitei i roto i oumu o ngā ahumahi matū, mo tipu tauira, nui-ethylene. Te hau māori i konatunatua ki te rangi i tukua ki nga oko ngarahu o te oumu pyrolysis. mahia te tukanga ngingiha hau flue ki tiketike pāmahana (700-900 ° C). wera ratou putorino (kei roto i te oumu) i roto i i whangai ranunga rauemi raw te ki mamaoa (i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te hanganga Coke i roto i te ngongo oumu). I raro i te mahi o te pāmahana teitei, te plurality o tauhohe matū, e ka tukua nga wae ūnga (ethylene me propylene) me byproducts (teriuma pyrolysis taumaha, hauwai me te mewaro hautau, ewaro, pōwaro, waiwaro, C4, C5, pyrocondensate: ia o ratou kua tona tono hei tauira, whakamahia pyrocondensate ki te whakaputa i benzene nekeneke penehīni ranei wāhanga).

Ngingiha o te mewaro ko te āhuatanga tinana-matū matatini e hāngai ana i runga i te tauhohenga pitihāoratanga putawera, āhuatanga e te auau rere tiketike, me te tuku i nui nui o te wera, me te whakawhitinga wera me te tukanga whakawhiti papatipu. Na reira, ko te whakamāramatanga hoahoa pāmahana ranunga ngingiha ko te mahi uaua, i roto i te tua ki te hanganga o te ranunga wahie mai kaha whakaawe tona pēhanga me tuatahi pāmahana. kitea ratou he hua o te ngingiha pāmahana whakatika me te whakawhitinga wera me te tukanga whakawhiti papatipu whai wāhi ki tona whakaiti. Mewaro pāmahana parariraa i roto i te tukanga hoahoa, me te apparatuses hanga matū whakaritea e te tātai, me te tāuta i ngā (hei tauira, i roto i te oumu pyrolysis), kua whanganga reira te whakamahi i thermocouples.