Stalinization - he tukanga o te de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - Ko te tukanga o te whakakorenga o te pūnaha wä, me te tōrangapū, i whakapumautia i roto i te kingitanga o I. V. Stalina, tae atu i te fifi o te huru o te rangatira nui. whakamahia tēnei wā kei roto i te tuhinga Western mai te o 1960. I roto i te tuhinga o tenei ra ka titiro tatou ki te tukanga o te de-Stalinization (rite i hapu ai, a kawea atu e Khrushchev), me te hono ngaahi nunu'á. I roto i te mutunga, a aparau i tatou i te a tawhio noa hou o tenei kaupapa i roto i te Ukraine a Russia.

Ko te timatanga o te de-Stalinization

E kore te te tautohetohe i runga i tenei take pirau noa nei. whakaaro ētahi iwi e kia tonu te debunking o te huru o Stalin, ētahi i - ka karanga te hape kaupapa here Khrushchev. ka anga te reira i katoa i roto i te tau 1953. ka mate Leader pule kakaha, me ki reira te pūnaha tawhito. Ki te mana hohoro haere mai koi, me te whakatakotoria Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. a ia kahore mātauranga, engari kei te katoa wāhikē reira e te tikanga tōrangapū maere. tīmata ia ki te tūranga i raro i roto i te rōpū, me te ngāwari I kite ngā hou. I roto i te 1956, i te XX Congress o te CPSU, i whakaritea e te reira ki te debunk te koropiko matapo o te tuakiri o Stalin. E ai ki te tumu kōrero M. Gefter, ātete ki te tikanga vai i mua i te matenga o te rangatira noa. Kua whakapono i roto i te clairvoyance o Stalin kua turakina e te hinga taimaha i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Ko te wā tuatahi i te fifi tuakiri e pā ana i ki Peria. Otiia āta timata reira e pā ana te hapori de-Stalinization.

"Pūrongo Secret" Khrushchev

huihuia XX Congress o te CPSU 1436 kaitautapa. I karangatia e ia mo te waru marama i mua i te rā kati hoki o te hiahia akiaki ki te whakahou i te reiti i muri i te matenga o Stalin. A mutu reira ki te pera-ka karanga "pūrongo ngaro" Khrushchev. i hoatu aro ki te mōhiohio riro e te Komihana Pospelov e pā ana ki te tāmitanga. E ai ki Khrushchev, 70% o ngā kaitono mo te Komiti Central pōtitia i te XVII Congress, i pere. Heoi, tohe Khrushchev e de-Stalinization - e kore ko te whakangaromanga o nga turanga o te hapori hapori me te whakakorenga o te fifi kino tenei. Ahumahi, collectivization me te pakanga uaua ki ope pato'iraa kiia i tohu e tika ana i roto i te whanaketanga o te Soviet Union rite te āhua kaha. I whakatupato te tāmitanga iho e Stalin me ona hoa. kihai i Khrushchev mohio ki e kore nga takenga mai o te raruraru takoto i roto i te huru o te rangatira, engari i roto i te pūnaha iho.

Mau hopearaa mo te whenua

kihai i "pūrongo Secret" Khrushchev whakaputaina, ka i tai'o anake i hui o kaimahi rōpū ki kōrero e tika ana. kihai i Stalin mohio ki te kino pūmau. I roto i tona tikanga, "kore i puta ke te natura o" hapori tūturu. Kei te neke tonu Society i runga i te ara tika, e ko, ki Communism. kauwhautia whanaketanga tōraro i te whakawhetai porotiti, ki nga tautooraa o te feia faatere o te Communist Party. Heoi ka tata nekehia atu te reira i te hopoi'a o te kaitautoko a Stalin. Kua noho ratou i roto i te tūranga matua. I roto i te whānui, i te "pūrongo ngaro" Khrushchev:

• kua puta ke ia te hinengaro o te iwi Soviet;
• wahia te kaupapa kominiusi ao;
• ko taunakitanga o te ngoikore o te USSR ki te Te Hau-ā-uru.

Stalinization: te wā i te tau 1953 ki te 1964god

I roto i te hapori o ngā waiaro rerekē ki te kaupapa here hou. timata te reira i te taa koi i waenganui i te Soviet Union me te Te Hau-ā-uru. Kia tīmata a i te timatanga. I roto i te 1953, ka mate a Stalin. Neke atu i te te tau i muri mai kei te tonu kōrero tona ingoa, me te whakapakoko i te korero o te kaiārahi rōpū. I muri i te "pūrongo ngaro" timata te kaupapa here e pā ana o de-Stalinization. Heoi, i roto i te hapori i reira ko te whānuitanga katoa o whakaaro rerekē o te mua Hekeretari-Tianara. Ko te whakaaro a o te huru o Stalin rite te tohu o te wā ki rö te whawhai whakamomori. e kore e tokomaha matau he aha timata Khrushchev ki te reo o ratou whakaaro e pā ana ki te whakatoi i muri anake i te matenga o te rangatira nui. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te de-Stalinization - ko reira matua te wehenga o te pūnaha mana. I hoatu te whakahaere Republican ki neke atu i te 10 mano hinonga. E ai ki te ture o 1957 i hanga neke atu i te rau tau o rohe ōhanga ki te tinana whakahaere ngā - kaunihera ōhanga. Decentralization āhuatanga pai i te ngaru i roto i ngā kaupapa ā-rohe. Tōraro - te whakaiti i hangarau te ahunga whakamua. ngaro te pūnaha Soviet te kaha ki te aro i te moni mo te whanaketanga. taumata decentralization i roto i 1961.

XXII Congress o te CPSU

Late i te po, Oketopa 31, i cordoned atu 1961 Whero Square. kauwhautia te iwi i i puritia he whakatakanga mo te parade i runga i te 7 o Noema. Otiia i roto i te meka, whakatinana i te whakatau o te XXII Congress o te Pāti Communist o te Soviet Union. Ara, ko reira tika ki te hanga Stalin i te moengaroa. matau tangata katoa e taea e taua mahi arahi ki te pōuri. He tokomaha hoki o de-Stalinization - ko tika te kaupapa tenei. I roto i te taonga tarewa i te rota o hoia. ka anga hapori Local ki te tapahia takirihia urupa o te rangatira nui. tawai te iwi e tukuna e Khrushchev ake wāhi i roto i te moengaroa i muri ki a Lenin hoki ratou. I roto i te 1961, i whakaingoatia nga pa maha.

I roto i Ukraine

Stalinization - he kaupapa here e tino awe te āhuatanga i roto i te Ukrainian SSR. I roto i tenei wā, ko reira pakanga faahope ki kua pakanga te mana'oo iwi hoki te tukanga o Russification me te nui haere tūranga o te take Iukereiniana i roto i ao katoa. Ki te pou o te hekeretari tuatahi o te Komiti Central Communist Party pōtitia Kirichenko. timata tūranga whakahaere ki te tango Ukrainians pakiaka. I te tau 1954 i whakawhitia te USSR ki Crimea. I hihiri tenei whakatau i te pātata rohe me te hapori pakihi. Ko te raruraru ko te hanganga iwi o te taupori. kiia Ukrainians hoki% 13.7 anake. Ko te kau pai o te tukanga de-Stalinization ko te roha o te tika o nga lepupilika Union. Heoi, kua kawea mai te reira atu totohe i roto i te hapori i roto i ngā huarahi maha.