Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: biography, mahi pūtaiao

Semenov Nikolai - mohiotia Soviet Chemical, i te mea tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o Chemical Physics. Hoki, ko to matou aito te academician o te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR.

tau o muri

whanau te pūtaiao i mua nei i roto i te pa Russian o Saratov i April 1896. puta Nicholas i te kura tūturu Saratov i 1913, ka tomo tona ingoa i runga i te poari koura. I roto i te whakangungu, tutaki te taata Vladimir Karmilovym - tona kaiwhakaako, me te hoa. Ko ia te tangata e tautoko semenov ngakau nui ki te fakatapui tona ora ki te pūtaiao. Ratou auhoaraa, kawea ratou i roto i te tau. I roto i te raumati o 1913 semenov Nikolai tae i roto i te University mua i Ahupūngao me Pāngarau Faculty. ko Nikolay Aleksandrovich semenov te tangata hōia a whakaaro e fakatapui hoki tana tama ahau ki tenei mahi. A, no te tomo ia te whare wānanga, i reira ko he pakaru i roto i te utuafare, i roa e rave rahi tau. Tīmata i te rua o nga tau o ako, ka te tangata taitama wāhi i roto i te rangahau nui i raro i te arata'iraa o A. Joffe. Ia i tuhituhi ano e rave rahi pepa pūtaiao e pā ana ki ngota me ngā rāpoi ngota. I te 1917 puta ia i te whare wānanga, ka riro he pōkairua o te tohu tuatahi. noho semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich i te kura, tomo te hoa professorial (nāianei pou-paetahi).

tari

Haurongo Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha hanga tahuri hou ina ia i roto i te tau 1918 ka haere ki Samara ki te haere ki tona matua. Tae i reira, kua kite i ia he tutu o te Czechoslovak Corps. I roto i te raumati o 1918 ka mau te mana i roto i Samara SRS. I muri i te tahi mau wa, ka karanga Nicholas ko ki te riro i te hoia tūao i roto i te ope o te White Guard. I reira mahi ia e toru anake wiki tino take pū pākahiko. he ora poto pērā tika ki te meka i haere mai te rongo hohoro i ko tona papa tino mate. ka te tangata taitama waiho, engari mate hohoro tona papa.

Tomsk

I muri i taua, faaoti Nicholas ki hoki ki te wahi o te whawhai, heoi whakarerea a haere ana ki a Tomsk, i ko te wānanga tata. pau Āhua rua tau o tona ora i konei pūtaiao mahi i te Whare Wānanga, me te Institute o Technology. Heoi, i roto i te wā, kua huihuia aivanaa i roto i te ope o Kolchak. Ko ia i roto i te ope taua pū, engari i hohoro whakawhiti radiobatalon whakawhetai ki te tohenga o tona hoa ki a. I muri i taua, i taea ki te haere tonu i ana akoranga i te Institute o Technology ia. I roto i te hotoke 1919 ka mau te pa te Army Whero. arahina tenei ki te meka i pupuhi semenov, i muri i nei tonu e ia tona mahi rangahau, me te whakaako.

Ngā Tono Joffe

I roto i te puna o 1920, ka hoki Nikolai semenov, tona haurongo hanga tetahi tahuri ohorere, ki mua i te aniraa o tona hoa Joffe, nei i te wa i hanga te Tinana-Hangarau Institute o te radiological. ka semenov te matenga o te taiwhanga o tītohu hiko, me muri i te ia mahi ia rite kaiwhakahaere tuarua o te Physico-Hangarau Institute. Fakataha ki P. Kapitsa tuku to tatou hero te ao pūtaiao i te ara hou o ine te papa autō o te ngota i roto i te mara nonuniform. Kei te kaha whakawhanake i te taua tikanga e rua atu pūtaiao O. Stern ko W. Gerlach. I roto i te 1928, riro Nikolay semenov te taitara o ahorangi o te Leningrad Kuratini Institute. I muri i te tahi mau wa, whakapumautia e ia te Institute o Chemical Physics me riro tona kaiwhakahaere pūmau tae noa ki ona ra whakamutunga. meka Interesting e i roto i te torutoru ra i muri i te taketake o te whare wānanga, i whakawhitia e ia ki a Moscow.

I maoro riro te ahorangi he mema o te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR, a i roto i te 1932 - tona mema tūturu. Aita i maoro i muri, whakaputaina ana e ia he pepa ui "Chemical Kinetics me Reactions Faanahoraa", i reira whakamatau tohenga te oraraa o te tauhohenga mekameka.

whawhai

Nikolay semenov - he matū e he e tika ana ki to ratou ahua, ara i roto i te whawhai. I roto i te 1941, whakatahia ia ki Kazan, te wahi i te mahi tiaki me te pahūtanga me tahunga. I maoro hoki ia ki te pane, me te timata mahi rite te pūkenga i Moscow State University. Kei te tino awhi University kaimahi te matao i roto i to ratou hapori Semenova. I roto i te taua tau whakaritea e ia te tari o kinetics matū, ahu nei i runga i te 40 tau i muri mai.

Moscow Institute o Physics me Hangarau

I roto i te 1946, ua faanahonaho tahi ia ki a P. Kapitsa institution kua kiia semenov me wā kotahi riro ona tahi-kaiwhakarewa, me te kaiwhakahaere pūtaiao o te Faculty o Matū. Kotahi tekau tau o tona ora (1940-1950), ko ia he mema kaha, me te kaimahi o te kaupapa ngota Soviet. I roto i te 1947, semenov Nikolay tomo nga rarangi o te CPSU. Mai i 1961 ki te 1966 ko ia he mema kaitono o te CC, me te 3 ngā wā ka he kawana o te Kaunihera Hupirimi. I te 1966 ka pōtitia ia tuarua o te huihuinga 7 o te District # 512.

Ko te pūtaiao ko tetahi o nga hoariri o te whawhai karihi. Ki tona kura pūtaiao ngā Whārangi ka physicists pērā i Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, N. Emanuel. tanumia ia he aivanaa nui i roto i te pane a Russian i te Novodevichy urupā. mate ia i take taiao i roto i te ngahuru o 1986.

ngā mahi pūtaiao

Nikolay semenov, he haurongo poto e ko te tumu parau o tenei tuhinga, i hanga maha ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao whai hua. Ko te matua o ratou ana ki te ariā pahūtanga waiariki, ranunga hau ngingiha me ariā o ngā tauhohe mekameka i matū. Ko te take nui tuatahi ko te raruraru o te hau pūtaiao ionization. whai wāhi hoki ia i roto i te kaupapa o te wehenga uruhanga, e muri arahina ia ki te waihanga i te wehenga waiariki o te ariā. ka te reira i te pūtake mo te ariā pātīmata waiariki. whakaaetia tenei katoa ki a ia te whakatutuki i te take o te detonation taikaha me te tahunga.

Fakataha ki Kapitza pūtaiao whakahaere ngā, i whakaaetia ki te tātai i te ine o te kurupae o te ngota paramagnetic i roto i te mara inhomogeneous. Ki te Yu i taea ki te kitea te pāmahana tōhau me tona kiato tino Khariton.

Kua riro te pūtaiao tino rongonui i roto i tona ariā o tauhohe mekameka. A iti i muri mai i whakamatauria e ia tukanga mekameka tuwhena, ūkuia he maha o ngā tohenga. Kua whakatuwheratia ēnei āhuatanga Horizons hou Utaina mātauranga o. Ki te Shilov whakakitea te hononga o ngā tukanga pūngao me te whanaketanga o tauhohe mekameka. I te tau 1956, i whakawhiwhia semenov te Nobel i Matū. Ano, ko ia te kaituhi o te pukapuka "Te āhuatanga o te mekameka pūngao wana i roto i te tauhohe matū."

Nikolay semenov, e kei i te pepa whakaahua, tikanga parakore o ngä nohanga Manatü-pahoho Bodenstein. I mua ki tenei, ko tenei tikanga anake te pūtake mo te tātai neke i roto i te mahi. mahi takitahi o te pūtaiao i oti rawa ki te kaupapa o ngā tukanga catalytic. faataa e ia te ariā o te catalysis heterogeneous ki Vol'kenshtein F. me B. Provincial.

whānau

tupu ake semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich i roto i te utuafare rawa tika. Ka rite ki ta tatou e matau kua, ko tona papa he rangatira. I muri tūranga mahi ia karaka, a muri mai ka he runanga kāwanatanga, a riro rangatira whaiaro. i Mother kēmihi Elena takenga kahurangi. Ruau Nikolaya Semenova whaea Tsarskoye selo ko te kaimahi.

marenatia tatou aito i roto i 1921 ki te kaituhi akonga, ahorangi o University mua me translator o Dante Meri Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. He meka ngā e te wahine, kua kua wha tamariki a i tona tangata tuatahi, a ko te nui pakeke ake i tona hoa. I muri e rua tau o te ora oaoa tahi mate Mariya Isidorovna o te mate pukupuku. He tau i muri mai, marena te kaiputaiao Natale Burtsevoy - irāmutu o tana wahine. Ko nui atu angitu tēnei faaipoiporaa, rite te rua i hoatu e rua tamariki whakamiharo: Ludmilla ko Yuri. I roto i te 1971, muia semenov Nikolay ki te hono i te ora ki tetahi o ana kaiāwhina. Ko te marena whakamutunga, rite te tuatahi, urikore.

Whakarāpopoto i te tuhinga, ka taea e te mea te reira e riro i te mahi me te wheako Nikolaya Semenova makatu'unga fefeka mō te rangahau me te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao matū atu. i tohua mahi o te pūtaiao i te rārangi o ngā tohu kua roaa e ia i roto i to ratou mahi pakeke me whakaaro auaha.