Ravelin - he ... ravelins Russian Famous

Ravelin - Ko tetahi o nga mea timatanga o te whetu pera-ka karanga pa e puta i roto i te tau o teie tau (XVII-XIX rautau) tenei. He aha te mea he ravelin? He aha te mea te tikanga o tenei wā? A he aha te mahi mahi te reira i roto i te taiepa?

Elements whetu pa

Ki te whanaketanga tere o te pū i roto i te rau tau XVI, e pā ana ki te ahua, me te whakapai ake tamau o ngā pūnaha Takaparawhā pā. taiepa wharekarakia me taumaihi i kore e taea ki te tino tu pū whawhai hou. Ko nga taiepa o nga wahi kaha noa e kore e puritia ratou whakaeke kaha. Ko te kupu, ka anga nga taiepa ki te hanga raro-tokanga tuatahi ki to ratou matotoru. pourewa roroa hohoro whakakapi bastions, i runga i te wā, kua piki haere nui, me te pai whakaaro-i roto i roto i ngā o te puka.

He maha ngā āhuatanga (ngā momo) whetu pa. Ko ratou:

• pekerangi;
• pihi;
• ravelins;
• redyuity;
• te whare kingi.

He aha te mea he ravelin? A he aha te tūranga nui te reira i roto i te pā? ka atu anō e pā ana ki tenei e kōrero atu.

Ravelin - he ...

Ko tenei wā o Latin (ravelere) ranei Italian (ravellino) take. Ko te tikanga o "hawhe marama" (Nako wahi tika i runga i te haupū whakamutunga) - "wehea" ranei "tapahia." Ko e founga e taea te whakamaoritanga reira i Latin.

Ravelin - ko, ki runga ake te katoa, he wā hoahoanga Kei te whānui e whakamahia i roto i te mau ohipa hōia. Tenei anō pā, kei waenganui i rua bastions pātata me te awaker i roto i mua o te pa. I roto i te mahere, he reira te tikanga tapatoru i roto i te āhua.

Nuinga o ngā wā e te ahua o te paenga kohatu kaha ki casemates mō te whakatakoto sharpshooters me pū Ravelin. Ano, kia waiho te teitei o te paenga 1-1.5 mita i raro i te taiepa matua o te pa. Kua hangaia te ravelins pā ki te mahi i te maha o ngā mahi nui. Ko ratou:

• hipokina te taiepa pa pokapū i te ahi puhipuhi tika;
• mataku te patu i nga hoia hoariri;
• kukū whakamahia hoki hoia ki te aroraa i.

Kei te whānui Ravelin whakamahia i roto i Europe mo tata wha tenetere (i te XVI ki XIX). E rave rahi o ratou i ora ki te ra hakari, i roto i ngā, i runga i te rohe o Russia.

ravelins mohiotia Russia

Mahalo hanga nga ravelins tauira tino a Tūrongo, i runga i te rohe o Russia hou i roto i St Petersburg - Alexis ko John. i huaina ratou e te ingoa o te muri o te whanaunga o Pita te nui: aua, i roto i te kororia o tona papa, me te teina i roto i te honore o te emepera. Ko tētahi o ratou (St. John) e taea te tiro i roto i te pa i tenei ra.

Alexis Ravelin i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, aue, i whakangaromia. Ata whakairohia, mahi ia rite kore anake te hanganga ārai, engari ano hoki i te whare herehere pourewa. I roto i te reira, i meinga tokomaha Decembrists me hoariri o te tikanga tsarist. roa te whare herehere Alexeyev Ravelin tae noa ki 1884.

Kei tētahi atu Ravelin pai-mohiotia i roto i Sebastopol. Kei te hanga te reira i te pā kaha i roto i te tau 1840 ki te tiaki i te pa o te kokoru i whakaeke o kaipuke hoariri ki te moana. Te Konstantinovsky pūhiko pera-ka karanga Sevastopol kua takaro he wāhi nui i roto i te hītori rua: i roto i te Crimean (1854-1855) me te Pakanga II o te Ao.

mutunga

Ravelin - he hanganga tautoko o te pa ārai, e kua whakamahia whānuitia mai te waenganui o te rau tau XVII. Ko te mahi matua i tenei whare e rua: taofi whakaeke hoariri, me te tiaki i te pa i te pū hoariri ahi.