Raoul Wallenberg: biography, whakaahua, te utuafare

"Tika roto i te mau nunaa" - ko te taitara i te tau 1963, i te Rīpeka ia te takawaenga o Huitene nei ora o mano tekau o nga Hurai i roto i te Holocaust, a ka mate ia i roto i te whare herehere Soviet i roto i te mau huru mārama.

ingoa o tenei tangata - Gustav Wallenberg Raul, a ka tika ia ki te whai atu te iwi i mohio e pā ana ki tona feat, i te mea he tauira o humanism pono.

Raoul Wallenberg: Whānau

whanau takawaenga Future i roto i 1912 i roto i te pa Swedish Kappsta, e tata ana Stockholm. kore i kite Matua te tamaiti, kia rite ki mate Navy āpiha Raoul Oscar Wallenberg roto 3 marama i te mate pukupuku noa te kainga. Ko te kupu, ka kawea ake e tona whaea - May Wallenberg.

mohiotia Family Raoul Gustav te taha i roto i puta Sweden i reira maha financiers Swedish me diplomats. I roto i ngā, i te wa o te whanau o te tamaiti i tana koroua - Gustav Wallenberg - ko karere o tona whenua ki a Japan.

I te wa ano i whaea Raul he uri o te kaituhi kohatu ko Bendix, nei whakaaro te tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te hapori Hurai i roto i te Sweden. Heoi, kotahi whāngai Wallenberg tupuna Lutheranism, pera ana tamariki me mau mootua katoa i Karaitiana.

I te 1918 ka moe anō May Vising Wallenberg mo te e pā ana Swedish Tāhuhu o Hauora Fredrik von Dardel. I roto i tenei faaipoiporaa whanau i te Nina tamahine, me te tama Guy von Dardel, e riro i muri mai i te ahupūngao karihi. I waimarie ki tona pāpā Raul, no te mea te ara ano rite tamariki Māori tukinotia ia ia.

hanganga

Mātauranga o tamariki whai wāhi te nuinga koroua. I te tuatahi i tonoa e ia mo te whakangungu hōia, a ka ki France. Ka rite ki te hua, i te wa o te whakauru ki te Whare Wānanga o Michigan i 1931, e rave rahi reo i korero te tangata taitamariki. I reira ako ia hoahoanga me i te mutunga riro he mētara mō whakangungu pai.

Pakihi

Ahakoa kore te hiahiatia whānau Raul Wallenberg i te pāpāho, ka tū he tūranga nui i roto i te pāpori Swedish, i roto i te tau 1933, tamata ia ki te whiwhi i te ora. Na rite te ākonga, ka haere ia ki Chicago, i reira mahi ai ia i roto i te teneti "ataahua o te ao Chicago."

I puta ia, i roto i te tau 1935, ka hoki Raoul Wallenberg ki Stockholm, a tangohia ana wahi i roto i te kaupapa kaukauranga whakataetae kaukau, oti i roto i te wahi tuarua.

Na, i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te tere i te koroua e hiahia ki te kite i te tuaana angitu Raoul, ua faaoti ia ki te tiki wheako mahi i roto i te mara o te tauhokohoko me te haere ki Cape Town, te wahi whakauru ia i roto i te kamupene nui e hokona rauemi hanga. Runga ki te whakaotinga o te karahipi ko te whakautu ngingila i te rangatira o te kamupene, he aha te mea tino pai Gustav Wallenberg, e i taua wa ko te karere o Sweden i Turkey.

kitea te koroua te mokopuna aroha o te mahi whaimana hou i roto i "te pēke Tatimana" i roto i Haifa. I reira ka tutaki Raoul Wallenberg ki Hurai taitamariki. rere ratou i Nasí Germany, a korero e pā ana ki te whakatoi e whai wāhi ai ki ai. hanga tenei hui te hero o to tatou kōrero ki te matau ratou hononga ira ki te iwi Hurai, a takaro he wāhi nui i roto i tona heke mai.

Raoul Wallenberg: A Biography (1937-1944 tau)

"Ko e Topatariraa Rahi" i roto i te Sweden kihai i te wa pai ki te hanga i te ora hei kaihoahoa, na whakaritea e te tangata taitama ki te tīmata rātou ake mahi me te patua te mahi ki te Hurai Tiamana. rahua te hinonga, a kahore ki te e mahue ki waho i te mahi, ka tahuri Raul ki tona matua keke a Hakopa, e hoatu tona iramutu he Hurai no ki Kalman Lauer Central Pākehā kamupene hokohoko. A marama torutoru i muri i Vallenberg Raul kua he hoa o te rangatira o te kamupene, me tetahi o ona kaiwhakahaere. I roto i tenei wā ia pinepine haere i roto i Europe a ka wehi o te mea i kite ia i roto i Germany, a i roto i whenua e nohoia e nga kau Nasí.

mahi takawaenga

Mai te hunga tau i roto i Sweden, i matau katoa te mea te utuafare mai taitamariki Wallenberg (diplomats whare), i roto i Hōngongoi 1944, i whakaritea Raul i hēkeretari tuatahi o te misioni takawaenga o tona whenua i roto i Budapest. I reira ka kitea e ia tetahi ara ki te āwhina i Hurai rohe, e i tatari mo te mate: i hoatu e ratou i te "uruwhenua tiaki" Swedish, i hoatu e nga rangatira o te mana o tangata o Sweden, tatari kōiwi ki honau fonua tupu'angá.

I tua atu, i taea ki te riria etahi o nga tianara Wehrmacht ki pokanoa ki nga whakahau a ratou rangatira mo te kaweake ki te ia puni mate o te taupori o te irirangi Budapest. Ko te kupu i taea ki te whakaora i te oraraa o Hurai i haere ana ki te whakamate i te aroaro o te taenga mai o te Army Whero ia. I muri i te whawhai, i whakatau tata ai e rite ki te hua o ana mahi i whakaorangia e pā ana ki te 100 mano iwi. Kati te reira ki te mea e anake i roto i Budapest tutaki hoia Soviet 97 mano Hurai, mea ora katoa o nga Hurai Hungarian 800,000 204,000 anake. Ko te kupu, tata hawhe o ratou nama ratou whakaoranga ki te takawaenga o Huitene.

Ko te whakarau o Wallenberg i muri i te whakaoranga o Hungary i nga kau Nasí

E ai ki etahi tohunga, te maramarama Soviet whakahaere tirotiro mo te nuinga o te wa noho o Wallenberg i Budapest. Ka rite hoki tona aitua i muri te taenga o te Army Whero, haehae press o te ao putanga rerekē.

I tetahi o ratou, i roto i te tīmatanga o 1945, me ki tona taraiwa whaiaro V. Langfelder i te whare International Whero Cross tū he tautiaki Soviet (i roto i tetahi atu putanga, hopukina te NKVD i tona fare). Mai i reira, ka tonoa te takawaenga ki R. Ya. Malinovskomu, whakahau i te wa o te mua Iukereiniana 2, kia rite ki te tikanga ki te korero ki a ia etahi mōhiohio ngaro. He he ano hoki te mana'o e i hopukina ia e SMERSH, e kua whakaritea e e Raoul Wallenberg - he tirohia. Ko te papa whenua mō taua whakaaro i taea e te aroaro o te nui o te koura, me te moni i roto i tona waka, e taea te pohehe mo nga taonga pahuatia e nga kau Nasí, mea i mahue ratou i roto i te meka hoki ora takawaenga tiakina Hurai. Ko nga mea katoa ko reira, kihai i ora te reira i te tuhinga whakaatu ki te unu moni nui o te moni me te whakapaipai i Raoul Wallenberg, ratou rārangi ranei.

I roto i tenei take, kua whakamatauria te reira e ki te Maehe 8, 1945 "Radio Kossuth", i ko i raro i te mana Soviet, te kawe i te kupu e i roto i te whawhai patua he takawaenga Swedish ki te taua ingoa i roto i Budapest.

I roto i te USSR,

Hei kitea i roto i te mea i tupu ki Raoul Wallenberg, i akina atu nga kairangahau ki te kohikohi i nga kongakonga o meka. Na, ka kitea e ratou i roto i taua rere ai ki Moscow, te wahi i hoatu e ia ki roto ki te whare herehere i roto i te Lubyanka. i whakaaturia herehere Tiamana nei i reira i te wa ano, e na roto i te "whare herehere Telegraph" korero ki a ia tae noa ki te 1947, i muri i te mea te reira pea ki te haere vahi.

I muri i te ngaro o tona takawaenga i roto i Budapest Sweden hanga he torutoru uiui e pā ana ki tona aitua, engari korerotia nga mana Soviet e kore ratou i mohio ki te wahi i te Raoul Wallenberg. Ano, i roto i August 1947, A. Ya. Vyshinsky, Tuarua Minita Foreign mana kī e te takawaenga Swedish i roto i te USSR reira. Heoi, i roto i 1957 i te taha Soviet ki te whakaae i hopukina Raoul Wallenberg (kite whakaahua. Runga ake) i roto i Budapest, ka tangohia ki a Moscow, a ka mate o te whakaeke ngakau i roto i Hōngongoi 1947.

I te wa ano, kitea he tuhipoka i roto i te pūranga Foreign Wyszynski Molotov (i Mei 1947), i roto i nei ui ia ki oblige Abakumov te tuku i te tiwhikete i te take o Wallenberg me tono mo ratou whakakorenga. I muri mai, kua Minita Tuarua tuhi ia ki te Minita o State Haumarutanga o te whenua, me te hiahia ki te hoatu i te whakahoki raima mo te faaineineraa o te whakautu USSR ki te tono i te taha ki Swedish.

Investigation i muri i te parariraa o te USSR ki Wallenberg

I te mutunga o 2000, i runga i te pūtake o te ture RF "I te Rehabilitation o Victims o tāmitanga Political," te Kaiwhiu General ki te tango i whakatau e tika ana i roto i te take o te takawaenga Swedish R. Wallenberg me V. Langfeldera. I roto i te mutunga, ka mea ai e i January 1945, enei tangata he mema o o te legation Swedish i roto i te pane Hungarian, ko Wallenberg, i roto i era atu mea, Kei te oaoa hoki wātea i te mate takawaenga, i mauheretia, ka puritia te mate ratou i roto i te whare herehere Soviet noa.

Kua tēnei tuhinga kua whakahē hoki te iwi whānui kihai i ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki, hei tauira, te take mo te mau herehere o Wallenberg me Langfeldera.

Ako o kaipūtaiao ke

I roto i te 2010 whakaputaina ako o hītori Amerika S. Berger ko Birstein V., i roto i nei i te whakaaro reira mahaki putanga e pā ana ki te mate o Raoul Wallenberg, Hōngongoi 17, 1947. I roto i te Central Archive o te FSB kitea he tuhinga e 6 ra i muri i te Head rā i whakaritea o Tari 4 3 GB GU Tāhuhu o te USSR (counterintelligence hōia) mō te hāora interrogating "tau herehere 7", a ka Cato ko Vilmos Sandor Langfeldera. Mai i pā te muri e rua ki Wallenberg, kua fokotu'u kaipūtaiao e ko reira tona ingoa, a ka kua whakamunatia.

pūmahara

Ka mauruuru te iwi Hurai katoa i mea ai ahau mo ana tama, i roto i te Holocaust Vallenberg Raul.

Monument i Moscow i tau'a nei tahatai ko i Yauza kuwaha. I tua atu, ko te tohu i roto i te mahara o taua mea i roto i nga pa 29 o te ao.

I roto i te 1981, whakaorangia tetahi o nga Hurai Hungarian takawaenga, e heke i muri ki te USA me i reira ka he Congressman, tīmataria ohipa Wallenberg te tangata hōnore o tenei whenua. Mai August 5 mohio tona ra mahara i roto i te United States.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i roto i te tau 1963 whakawhiwhia te Iseraela Institute ringa Vashem te Raoul Gustav Wallenberg taitara hōnore o tika roto te mau nunaa, e, motu ke i a ia, whakawhiwhia te kaipakihi Tiamana Oskar Schindler, he mema Polish o te Ātete Movement - ta'emanavahē Irene Sendler, he rangatira i roto i te Wehrmacht Vilgelm Hozenfeld, Armenian manene, kotahi ora ratou i te kohuru i roto i Turkey, Dilsizyany, 197 mua nei i roto i te mahi huna Hurai i roto i to ratou mau utuafare, a tae noa māngai o e pā ana ki 5 tatini iwi. He katoa o 26 119 tangata, hoki nei kihai i te hoa mamae te tangata ke.

whānau

whakatapua whaea me te pāpā o Wallenberg to ratou oraraa ki te rapu hoki i te Raul ngaro. whakahau ara ratou tona teina-hawhe, me te tuahine, kia rite ki diplomats ora reira ka haere mai i roto i te 2000. i haere tonu ratou mahi e te mau mootua e hoki tamata ki te feruri i roto i pehea mate Wallenberg.

kua riro he toa rongonui ki nga raruraru o te mano tau, ka tonu ngā tikanga humanistic o tona hapu, nga kaiwhakatū o i ko tona matua keke - te wahine a Kofi Annan - Nana Lagergren, irāmutu o Raoul. I roto i te pokapū o te aro i reira e ano nga raruraru o ngā tamariki e kore e taea te nei te tiki mātauranga no o te rawakore o ratou hapu. I te wa ano e whakapono ai e i roto i te kohuru i roto i Rwanda, whakamatauria tana tane ki kore e rite Raoul Wallenberg: kua kōkiri Kofi Annan arotake o peacekeepers UN i te whenua te wahi malu'aki mai pakanga iwi e i nunu'a fakatupu 'auha mo ngā mema o te iwi Tutsi.

Na e matau ana koutou ko wai a Raoul Wallenberg, nei haurongo me kei tonu maha āputa. Tenei takawaenga haere ki raro i roto i te aamu rite te tangata e mano o ora whakaorangia i Sweden, engari e kore e taea e mawhiti i te mate i roto i herehere herehere, i haere mai i waho i te tamataraa.