He aha te mea allotropy? allotrope o te waro, Matū

Take momo o ngā pūhui matū waro - te kaha ki te hanga i he hono ngā ngota waro rerekē mekameka me huringa. Ko te āhuatanga o te poinanahatanga. Na te take mo te momo o ohie matū pararopi? Huri i te reira i roto i e taea e koe te whakahoki tenei pātai mā te whakaaro he aha te allotropy. Ko reira ki tenei āhuatanga tūturu i roto i te ao o ngā āhuatanga matū herea te oraraa o momo rerekē o pūhui ohie.

He aha te mea allotropy?

Urupare ki tenei pātai e taea e pera. Tenei āhuatanga Ko te oraraa o te huānga matū taua i roto i te puka o te maha matū ohie. Ko, ki te te pūtau 118 i roto i te taka pūmotu, e kore te auraa i te reira e te taua maha o ngota i roto i te natura. Ia o nga āhuatanga (tata katoa) i tetahi atu ranei momo, ranei whakarerekētanga allotropic.

He aha te mea rerekē matū taua? He waiwai te take mo te āhuatanga i roto i te pātai e rua:

• he maha rerekē o ngota i roto i te rāpoi ngota (allotropy hanganga);
• hanganga ripekapeka taurite (allotropy puka).

E mea pinepine e pā ana te ariā e ki te polymorphism wā. Heoi, i reira te mea he rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou. He aha te mea allotropy? Ko tēnei whakarerekētanga o te āhuatanga matū i roto i te rerekē matū ohie, ahakoa o ahakoa he reira i roto i tetahi āhua o te whakawhāititanga. Ahakoa polymorphism - he hāngai anake ki totoka tenei ariā matū tioata.

Various whakarerekētanga allotropic pūhui te nuinga o denoted e pukapuka Roma i mua i te ingoa. Kei te whakanohoia tonu Arepa i roto i mua o te puka, e kua he pāmahana iti o te koropupu rewa. I tua atu ki raro i te pū, me te hua i roto i te mahi, aua.

Ahakoa te huānga matū i roto i te pūtake o te taonga ohie te taua, akatuke'anga āhuatanga tino rerekē i ia atu, me e rua tinana, me te matū. Ko te huarahi māmā ki te hanga i te puka allotropic:

• konganuku-kore (anake hoki kōnakonako me hau e mangere);
• semimetals.

ako iti rawa allotropy konganuku mai hanga e ratou he momou whakarerekētanga taua, me te kore katoa. Tapeke ki te rā i reira e neke atu i te 400 ngā momo rerekē o matū ohie. Ko te atu āhuatanga piti hāora o te huānga, te nui te maha o mohiotia whakarerekētanga allotropic ki reira.

akatuke'anga waro

allotrope o te waro - ko te tauira tino noa, me te a Tūrongo whakaatu te āhuatanga i roto i te pātai. I muri i te katoa, he ahei o hanga te maha momo o pūhui rerekē hanganga karaihe ripekapeka tenei huānga. I roto i tenei whakapakoko o te taonga ohie taua pato'iraa neke i roto i o ratou āhuatanga e kua mahue whakataunga ki te fifili o te natura.

Ko te kupu, he allotrope o waro ngā te whakarerekētanga e whai ake nei.

1. He aha te mea he allotrope o waro, e taea te takina me i muri tona āhua, he faufaa rerekē i te tetahi o mua e. Tenei graphite. taonga ngohengohe Tino, e taea te whā atu ngāwari me te waiho i te tohu motuhake i runga i te pepa. Na reira, i ona whakamahi mo te hanga o kakau he pene rākau ohie. Ko te hanganga o tenei puka - te paparanga hexagonal. Hononga i waenganui i ngā papa e ngoikore, ngāwari haea, rauemi kiato iti. whakamahia graphite te ki te whakaputa i taimana waihanga rite te hinu totoka, mo te hanga o ngā kawehiko hei kirihou filler, a i roto i reactors karihi.
2. Fullerenes - tetahi atu tohu e reira allotropy. Matū o enei pūhui he rite ki taua o nga waiwaro kakara. No te mea to ratou hanganga he matarau kati ohu nei, Ahakoa he pōro poiwhana. E tono Fullerenes rite te Semiconductor i roto i te toi mo te hanga o te pūhui superconducting rite photoresist me ētahi atu.
3. tserafit Lonsdalite me - rua atu whakarerekētanga allotropic, tioata o waro. I kitea te reira i ngā tata. Na roto i te āhuatanga tino rite ki te taimana, i te ngaro o poke taea e ara uaua e rave rahi taime.
4. Coal me te ngarahu - allotropy matū amorphous. Whakamahia rite wahie, lubricants, ngā tātari, me te pera i runga i. E ai ki te ihirangi i roto i te āhua o te noa tino o nga whakarerekētanga katoa o te waro.

taimana

Ko te faingataa o matū mohiotia katoa ki te rā, tata i te 10 ngā i runga i te tauine Mohs. Ko te puka, tioata o te waro, ko e hanganga o te puka tika hono hinonga whatunga tetrahedral.

Ko Diamond taea ki te titaritari i marama rawa pai, e taea te whakamahi i te reira rite rei (taimana). Nā ki tona pakeke tino, te whakamahia mō te tapahi me te fehokotaki'anga, he kōhao, te oro, me te huri. whakarewahia teie mahana te hanga o taimana horihori whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi.

atu momo

Ano, i reira e maha ngā momo o tenei huānga:

• nanotubes;
• nanofoam;
• Astrolite;
• nanofibers;
• waiwai;
• graphite;
• pūpoto;
• nanobuds.

puka pea, engari putative o oraraa o pūhui waro ohie: chaoit, waro me te dicarbon whakarewa.

allotropy hāora

ngā tenei rua taonga ohie nonmetal:

• hau hāora (i ngā āhuatanga noa), te tātai o e e _2;
• hau pekerangi, te hanganga tëtehi o e whakaata e _3.

E mea papû e konei ko te take matua mo te oraraa o akatuke'anga - te rāpoi ngota. hāora Pūnoa - te pūtake o te ora mo nga mea ora katoa (te kahore hoki te huakita anaerobic). Ko ia he wāhi kaha i roto i te utu hau, te puna o te pūngao mō ngā tukanga ora katoa. Matū - piti hāora, ai kawea he plurality o tauhohe i roto.

i hanga pekerangi te i roto i te āhua hāora taputapu taiwhanga motuhake ozonizers i rangi ranei e te rere kaha hiko. I roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu - te reira uira. I nohanga iti o te wahi kua reira he hou kakara ahuareka (i muri i te tupuhi ite i roto i te rangi tonu). Ko reira he āpitihāora rawa kaha, hātea, kaha matū.

ūkuikui whakarerekē

Ko rite ki taua o ūkuikui me Allotropy hāora. Reira kua pā ana ki 11 rerekē whakarerekētanga rerekē maha o ngota i te rāpoi ngota, me reira, he here matū me ngā āhuatanga hoki. E toru ngā āhua pūmau, me te era atu, i roto i te āhua o ngā kore e puta, me te paraheka.

1. ūkuikui White. Te reira i te Tātai F _4. He taonga Ahakoa parawini ngohengohe ma tae paku kowhai ranei. Ko reira ngāwari ki te ngohe, tahuri ki hau paihana.
2. ūkuikui Whero - te whakapiri, e kua he kakara kino. Tātai - P _n. Tenei hanganga waerau.
3. ūkuikui Black - hinuhinu ki te taimaha pa, i te mea pango i roto i te tae, me te tino wairewa i roto i te wai.

whakarerekē whakarewa

He aha te mea allotropy konganuku, e taea te kitea i runga i te tauira o te rino. vai te reira i roto i te puka o:

• Arepa;
• peta;
• gamma;
• āhua sigma.

rerekē ia i te hanganga o mua o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe me, i runga i, āhuatanga. Hei tauira, Arepa-puka - ferromagnetichna me te peta -paramagnetik.

Ko te tikanga, ki te konganuku mohiotia katoa i whakarerekē allotropic te hanga i te katoa o 27 huānga matū.

allotropy tine

Interesting i roto i taua i te Arepa-puka - he paura hina, e vai noa i pāmahana iti. Beta-puka, i te tahi atu te ringa, whakarewa, he hiriwa-ma, ngohengohe me te kōngohe. He he i mahi pāmahana nui - ki runga ki te 161 ° ^C. Kotahi puka e tahuri noa ki tetahi i roto i vivo, ki te tohu taka.