Rauemi amorphous. Tioata me te āhua amorphous o mea. Ko te whakamahi o matū amorphous

Kua tonu koe miharo aha e te taonga amorphous enigmatic? Hoki e te hanganga rerekē i rua totoka, me te i te wai ratou. Ko te take i he taua tinana i roto i ngā te āhua CONDENSED, he anake kia poto-whānui. Tauira o ngā rauemi amorphous - kapia, karaihe, te amipere, rapa, polyethylene, polyvinyl pūhaumāota (pvc matapihi to tatou tino), me ētahi atu ngā waerau. Ko te tinana mārō, e kore e nei i te mea ripekapeka karaihe tenei. Heoi ngā ratou ware pi, ngā adhesives, rapa pakeke me kirihou.

Ko te āhuatanga rerekē o matū amorphous

I roto i te wāwāhi i roto i tinana amorphous kore e hanga e mata. Matūriki rawa pōrohe, me e tata ki tahi i te tahi. Ka taea e waiho ratou tino mātotoru, me te Kaore. Kia pehea te e pāngia ratou e te mau mana o waho? I raro i te mana o ngā pāmahana tinana e rerengia ana, ano he wai, me i te wa ano tino rapa. A, no te te mahi waho o te roanga poto, kia wahia te hanganga amorphous o te taonga i raro i pānga kaha ki mongamonga. pānga tonu i te waho arata'i ki te meka e ratou rere noa.

Whakamātauria ki te noho i te whakamātau iti i te kāinga ki te whakamahi o te teriuma. Hoatu ana e ia i runga i te mata pakeke, a ka kite koutou e haamata te reira ki te rere pai. Ko te tika, no te mea he reira amorphous! tei te tere i runga i te tohu pāmahana. Ki te mea ka waiho reira tiketike rawa, ka timata i te kāpia ki rere nui tere.

He aha atu te mea huru o taua tinana? Ka taea e te tango ratou i tetahi puka. Ki te taonga amorphous i te puka o matūriki whakanohoia i roto i te oko iti, pērā i te oko, tangohia ano e ratou te ahua o te oko. Otiia he isotropic ratou, arā, whakaatu ratou i te taua āhuatanga tinana i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa.

Rewa me whakawhiti ki ētahi atu āhua. Metal me te karaihe

E kore te te āhua amorphous o mea tikanga ki te mau tonu i te tetahi pāmahana. I reiti iti whakatotoka tinana i tiketike - ngohe. Ratau, tei reira ki runga i te pokey me te tohu o taua matū. Iti pāmahana pai pokey iti, tiketike, i runga i te anga ke, e faarahi te reira.

Hoki matū o te momo amorphous taea te tāutuhia tetahi atu āhuatanga - te whakawhitinga ki te āhua, tioata, ka māhorahora. He aha te take e memeha? Te pūngao ā-i roto i te tinana, ko te iti rawa iho, tioata i te amorphous. Ka taea e tatou te kite i roto i te tauira o ngā hua karaihe - te mutunga ka te karaihe hei puhoi.

karaihe konganuku - he aha te mea te reira? Ka taea e Metal whakakore i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe i roto i te rewa, he taonga amorphous i.e. ki te hanga i te hanganga waiwai. I roto i te solidification ki meangiti ripekapeka karaihe tāwhaiwhai i hanga ano te. whakarewa amorphous he ātete faahiahia ki te waikura. Hei tauira, ki te hanga e kore e e hiahiatia a ia he tinana o te motokā i roto i te momo o coatings, rite e kua waiho i raro ki te whati māhorahora. Ko te tinana nei ngota hanganga he kaha inä rauemi amorphous, a konei, e taea te tono whakarewa amorphous i roto i tetahi rängai ahumahi rawa.

Ko te hanganga karaihe o matū

Ki te pai-matau i roto i te āhuatanga o te whakarewa me te kia taea ki te mahi ki a ratou, Me koe ki te whai mōhiotanga o te hanganga karaihe o te hunga atu matū ranei. Production o konganuku me te metallurgy kihai i taea e ki te tiki i te whanaketanga taua, ki te kahore i whai iwi etahi matauranga e pā ana ki te huringa i roto i te hanganga o nga alloys, tikanga tukanga, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.

āhua e wha o te mea

Kei te pai te mohiotia te reira e reira he āhua töpü wha: totoka, wai, haurehu waihā, wē. kia tioata taonga amorphous totoka. Ki te hanganga taua kia waiho te periodicity mokowā i roto i te whakaritenga o nga korakora. Ko ēnei matūriki i taea te tioata mahia nekehanga wā. nga tinana katoa e kite tatou i roto i te āhua haurehu waihā wai ranei, he mea ka taea ki te mau i te motini o matūriki i roto i te i takirimatia te huru. Ka taea te huaina totoka amorphous (hei tauira konganuku i roto i te huru tauta, ebonite, hua karaihe, resins) momo wai tio, no te mea kua ratou e taea te kite i te huringa puka taua āhuatanga āhuatanga rite pokey.

Rerekē rauemi amorphous i haurehu me wai

Faaiteraa o plasticity, elasticity, pakeke, me te noa ki tinana maha. Ko te matū tioata me te amorphous he ake riro enei āhuatanga, i te wai me te hau kore e whai taua āhuatanga. Ko taea e koe te kite e whai wāhi ratou ki te huringa rōrahi rapa.

Tioata me ngā rauemi amorphous. āhuatanga Mechanical me tinana

He aha e nga rauemi tioata me te amorphous? Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, kia amorphous kia whakahuatia aua tinana e whai pokey nui, a ka kore e ratou fluidity pāmahana noa. Ko pāmahana teitei, i runga i te anga ke, ka taea ki a ratou kia rerengia ana, ano he wai.

Mutu rerekē i te taonga o te momo tioata. Ka taea e whai ona enei totoka ira whakakoero, i runga i te pēhanga o waho rānei. Ko taea faaineineraa o tioata ki te wai matao. Ki te kore koe e tangohia etahi mehua, ka taea e kite tatou e i roto i te āhua wai e timata ki te whai pokapū rerekē o te whātioatanga. Ko te rohe e karapoti ana i enei pokapū, te hanganga o te totoka. timata tioata Tino iti ki te hono ki ia atu i roto i te tikanga huru, a huri i te reira i roto i te pera-ka karanga polycrystalline. Ko isotropic he tinana taua.

matū āhuatanga

He aha e whakatau nga āhuatanga tinana, me te pūkaha o te tinana? He nui here ngota, me te te momo o te hanganga karaihe. katote tioata āhuatanga katote here, e te tikanga e te whakawhitinga maeneene i tetahi ngota ki tetahi. I roto i tenei take, te hanganga o pai a tōraro i ako matūriki. here katote, ka taea e tatou te kite i te tauira ohie - he āhuatanga i rawe ki ki te whānuitanga o ngā waikura me tai. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o tioata katote - kawe wera iti, engari kia tino ake i tona mahi, ka wera. I roto i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe e taea te kite i te momo o ngā rāpoi ngota e rerekē here kaha ngota.

He rota o ngā kohuke e kitea tatou nga wahi katoa i roto i te natura, i te hanganga, tioata. Na āhua amorphous o mea - ko reira ano hoki te āhua i roto i tona puka parakore. Anake i roto i tenei take ko ahua te tinana, engari ka taea e te tioata te tango i te puka o te matarau ataahua ki he mata flat, me te puka ataahua mīharo hou, me te te viivii o te totoka.

He aha e tioata? hanganga amorphous-tioata

Ko te tamau hoki he hononga homai te puka o taua tinana. Hei tauira, titiro tonu perira rite te poro hexagonal. A rave i te whakamātau iti. E mau ki te karaihe iti o te konutai tote o te āhua pūtoru (peihana) a tuu i te reira i roto i te otinga motuhake kukū te nui taea o te tote ano. Neke atu i te wa, ka kite koutou e noho tonu i te tinana te taua - tangohia ana ano a reira i te ahua o te kupiki ranei te vahi, e te mea tei roto te tioata o te tote.

matū amorphous-tioata - enei tinana, e ai i roto i rua ngā wāhanga amorphous me tioata. He aha te pānga nga āhuatanga rauemi o te hanganga taua? Te nuinga he ōwehenga rerekē o pukapuka, me te wāhi rerekē i roto i te pā ana ki tahi i te tahi. tauira noa o taua rauemi ngā rauemi uku, porcelain, okouku karaihe. Mai i te tepu i nga āhuatanga o ngā rauemi ki te hanganga amorphous-tioata riro mōhio e kei porcelain te ōrau mōrahi o te wāhanga karaihe. kapewhiti Tohu i roto i 40-60 whith ōrau. Ko te ihirangi raro kite tatou i runga i te tauira o te makanga kohatu - iti iho i te 5 ōrau. I roto i tenei take, ka whai tāpa uku te teitei te mimititanga wai.

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, rauemi ahumahi pēnei i porcelain, herameke, ware kohatu, me te karaihe-uku - he rauemi amorphous-tioata no te mea i roto i ratou wāhanga waiwai i te tioata i roto i tona hanganga. Me kï reira e he motuhake o te ihirangi i roto i te wāhanga karaihe nga āhuatanga rauemi.

konganuku amorphous

Ko te whakamahi o ngā matū amorphous tino mātātoa whakamana i roto i te mara hauora. Hei tauira, tere meangiti te whakarewa Kei te whānui whakamahia i roto i te pokanga. Nā ki te whanaketanga e pā ana, i taea ki te neke takitahi i muri whara kino maha iwi. Ko te mea, ko te e te taonga o te hanganga amorphous ko te biomaterial pai mo implantation ki te wheua. Ko te hua pokekore motuhake, papa paraharaha, titi, whakatinana titi i roto i te piere nui. I mua, whakamahia i roto i te pokanga mō taua take i rino, me te Titanium. Anake i muri mai i kitea i te reira e popo rawa āta rauemi amorphous i roto i te tinana, me te ko te āhuatanga mīharo hanga reira taea ki te ora i te wheua. I muri, whakakapia te taonga e wheua.

momo Taupānga matū amorphous i roto i metrology me te pū rehe

hāngai rehe pū i runga i pū, a na reira i huaina. He wāhi tino nui i roto i te ahumahi, me te rite i roto i te metrology, te tākaro ultra-pū mea mahi ruri, tenei taea hoki te whakamahi o ngā pūrere o totoka amorphous. Ngā mihi ki te inenga tika kawea i roto i taiwhanga me te rangahau e'inisititiutí i te parae o rehe me te ahupūngao, i reira he hanga o ngā hua hou, whakapai ake o te matauranga pūtaiao.

waerau

Ko tētahi atu tauira o te tono o te rauemi amorphous - he waerau. āta ratou kia huri i totoka ki te wai, i te waerau tioata i te ira whakakoero, nui atu i te pāmahana tamarûraa. He aha te mea te āhua tinana o waerau amorphous? Ki te whakarato i enei matū he pāmahana iti, ka kite koe e, ka waiho ratou i roto i te āhua waiwai, me te whakaatu i te āhuatanga o totoka. whai wāhi whakawera āta ki te meka e timata te waerau ki te haere ki te āhua o nui haere elasticity.

rauemi amorphous, tauira o nei e arahina matou, kua whakamahia ngā i roto i te ahumahi. Superelasticity kāwanatanga taea waerau hopoia hauā, ka tutuki tenei ahua e tika ana ki te nui haere ngāwari o te hononga me ngā rāpoi ngota. hua atu i roto i te pāmahana ai te tohu kua riro e te waerau ara āhuatanga atu rapa. haamata ia ki te neke i roto i te āhua inu, me te Kaore motuhake.

Ki te waiho e koe te āhuatanga, kahore te mana, a e kore e aukati i hua atu i roto i te pāmahana, kitea te polymer te ki te whakangaromanga, e ko te whakangaromanga. āhua Kaore tohu e nga wahi katoa o nga macromolecules he tino pūkoro. A, no te te waerau rāpoi ngota e rere, e kore nga hononga tika anake, engari ano nui ofi ki tahi i te tahi. tahuri waerau pānga intermolecular ki te rauemi totoka (rapa). huaina te tukanga taua te vitrification aunoa. I whakamahia tēnei rauemi mo te hanga o kiriata me muka.

I runga i nga waerau taea te rite haukini, polyacrylonitriles. Hei te hanga i te kiriata polymer, he mea e tika ana ki te pana i te waerau roto spinnerets e whai he kohao mokamoka-āhua, ka ki te hoatu ki runga ki te rīpene. Ko te kupu hangaia rauemi tākai me tumu mo te rïpene. Waerau hoki ngā ngā varnishes (hanga te pahuka i roto i te whakarewa organic), adhesives, me ētahi atu rauemi putanga me composites (turanga kāpia ki te filler), kirihou.

Tono o waerau

kaha infiltrated tenei momo o te taonga amorphous ki to tatou oraraa. E whakamahia ratou wahi katoa. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. turanga Various mō te whakaputa varnishes, adhesives, hua kirihou (phenol formaldehyde kapia).

2. elastomers ranei rubbers waihanga.

3. rauemi te tuuraa i - pvc, ranei te rongonui matapihi kirihou pvc. he ātete ki te ahi i te reira, kia rite ki te whakaaro reira nonflammable, he kaha mīhini tiketike me ngā āhuatanga te tuuraa i.

4. polyamide - taonga he kaha pai, ki te ātete kakahu. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te āhuatanga uruhanga teitei.

5. Plexiglass polymethyl methacrylate ranei. Ka taea e tatou faaohipa i te reira i roto i te mara o te engineering hiko, ki te whakamahi i rite te rauemi mō te hanga ranei.

6. Teflon, ranei polytetrafluoroethylene, - te insulator mohiotia, e kore nei e whakaatu i te āhuatanga o ā tātau i roto i ngā whakarewa organic. whānuitanga pāmahana whanui, me ngā āhuatanga uruhanga pai tukua ki te whakamahi i te reira hei rauemi hydrophobic anti-waku ranei.

7. terei. e kore te tēnei rauemi kitea ki te waikawa. Ia, me te PTFE me polyamide, kia i titiro rite te insulator. Tino roa ki pānga aunoa. whakamahia terei te whānui. Hei tauira, Kei te pai whakapumautia reira rite te rauemi hanganga, me te tuuraa i. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te engineering hiko, me te reo irirangi.

8. Pea te waerau pai mohiotia hoki tatou - ko reira polyethylene. whakaaturanga Material ātete, ka whai wāhi ki ngā taiao pukuriri, te reira te tino kore haere makuku. Ki te hanga te mōkihi te o polyethylene, e kore e taea e wehi e ka tupuheke te tirotiro i raro i te mana o te ua taimaha. Polyethylene - Ko reira ano hoki te insulator. Ko tōna whakamahi he whānui. Mai i e hanga ai te hanganga tubular, he momo o ngā hua hiko, mātao kiriata, takotoranga taura waea me ngā rārangi mana, ngā wāhanga hoki irirangi me ētahi atu taputapu.

9. pvc - ko te rauemi nui-waerau. Ko ia he waihanga me te rewarau. He te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota e hangarite. Tata he wai, me te e hanga mā te pēhi i te whakamahi i pahaki me i niao. Kei te tino maha whakamahia Polyvinyl pūhaumāota i roto i te ahumahi hiko. Ko te pūtake mo te momo o te tuuraa i ngongo me ngongo mo te tiaki matū, tahatika pūhiko, grommets me gaskets, waea, me te taura. Ko te hoki pvc he whakakapinga pai mō te ārahi kino. e kore e taea te whakamahi i te reira rite iahiko tiketike-auau rite uruhanga. A katoa e tika ana ki te meka i reira ka kia tiketike i roto i tenei take, i te mahi mate uruhanga. He he kawe ia tiketike.