Pūnaha Irrigation - ko te supply o te wai ki nga mara. irrigation

I roto i te ahuwhenua, ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki i runga i te ua, ka hua noa e riro pai te kotinga, ka tupu tino taua tau. Heoi, i roto i te nuinga o te wā, te marama maroke i roto i te raumati kia taka ranei nga tautooraa katoa o kaimahi, na riro pūnaha irrigation tika tenei. Ko reira te kokonga o te māra angitu o kai: purapura, huawhenua, hua. whakawhetai anake ki irrigation tāwhaiwhai, he anake herenga tika ana mō te ahuwhenua maha ngā wāhi, kua tahuri ki ngā māra timera. He Irrigation ona whaktauiratia me onäianei, a kia ratou matau.

He aha te mea irrigation

I tahaki, he wahi o te pūtaiao nui, reclamation whenua, arā, te tahuritanga o te whenua ki te whakamahi pai i te irrigation. Ko te reclamation ngā rua riringi marshlands me te tukanga whakamuri - whakainu. Na roto i te a nui, te pūnaha irrigation - he matatini o ngā hanganga me ngā pūhanga manawa e taea ana ki te whakaora wai i roto i te rohe e tino mate hiahia taurite atu.

Ano, ka karanga irrigation tonu whānuitanga o ngā taumahi hangaia ki te whakaora i te wai mo te irrigation i tetahi wahi i reira te hiahiatia ai, ahakoa o tikanga - i ngā wāhi o roto, me takere i mua i ara i te manawa whenua ki te mata. hiahiatia e fa'ahinga kua tonu i roto i te wai, na ko te pūnaha irrigation tika tenei. Whakatau i roto i tenei take rawa mahino - tetahi pūnaha e taea ki a koe te whakaora wai mo te irrigation, e taea te whakaaro irrigation.

Evolution o ngā pūnaha hawai

Ko te tikanga tino tahito o te taurite he ā te mahi, kahore mechanization. Ko, ki te tukua te wai i roto i te oko i te puna taiao. Ahakoa te whanaketanga o te whakaaro hangarau, kei te whakamahia tonu tenei tikanga, a kihai anake i roto i te whenua te whakawhanake o Awherika - maha māra i roto i to tatou whenua kawe tonu peere wai ki whakainu te moenga. Tenei mahi ki te pai tino iti, na te iwi i rapu tonu ki mechanize te tukanga. Heoi i reira nga momo katoa o whakaurunga hawai, waikeri irrigation i te Central ki te aqueducts Roma, e tonu te haruraa i tona tikanga whīwhiwhi.

kihai i tuku o te wai i te mahara taea nga wahi katoa, me te hohoro i reira nga Windmills me watermills, e kore e taea e anake ki te waha i te huri witi e, engari ano hoki ki te whakaara i te rere te wai i roto i te noa'tu o te mahara hāngai - ki runga. I te kau, ki te whakamahi o papua me te taea pipelines whakaiti wawaotanga tangata ki te iti, no te mea te pūnaha irrigation hou - he matua he aunoatanga tukanga.

irrigation mata

Ko reira tonu rongonui, engari he reira meá me te ahua wairangi o te irrigation - he irrigation mata. Ki te kawea te wai kei te roto i runga i te mara i runga i te mata o te whenua, te moa, te waikeri me takere, te nuinga te whakanui ake te whakaetonga. E kore te mea i kingi i roto i etahi atu ari kino.

Kei te whakamahia te pūnaha irrigation ohie mō te irrigation mata. Tenei rerenga wai rere-i roto i, haehae, whakahaua ki nei te wai i te hongere pokapū atu pūtake ranei. Hoki, ki te mōhinuhinu te mata e taea te pakeke kōmakatia Lima tikanga irrigation ka roa te wai e te wāhi tuwhera rohe e faaauraa ki Marehekepa wai.

sprinkler

Ko reira ofi ange ki te ari tūturu o te pūnaha irrigation, e whakamahi ana i te sprinkler. Wai i te awa whakatakotoria taha te mara e whakatika ki te pūnaha sprinkler, e ka dissipates makuku, whaihanga ua. I roto i te meka, kei te neke te reira haere te awa he papu nui ki te pūnaha tubular roa mo te hanganga o nga kapua o te rūrūtia wai.

Ina whakaritea ki te mata taurite, kaupapa irrigation taua iti blurs oneone e tohu i taunga me whakatairanga mākū, kākahu o te oneone ki te hohonu e hiahiatia ana. Ko te āhuatanga o tenei pūnaha ngā te nui rere o te wai i roto i te whakaetonga.

irrigation maturuturu

I te wa i te mea e tika ana ki te whakaora wai, engari i reira he he hiahia akiaki ki te tupu kai, atu economical, me te whaitake ko te pūnaha honikoma irrigation. Ko te taa o te honikoma irrigation ko e ringihia e te wai kei te runga i te mata. Ka taea hoki e ratou tino ngaro i ona puna tuwhera.

pata wai whangai i roto i tatau i roto i te ringaringa motuhake whakamakuku i whakatakotoria tūturu me nga rarangi o te tipu. Ko te kupu e taea ki te ringihia tino aua tipu e hiahia whakarongo. E tata maroke tamărû. Kei te nuinga o rite rawa ēnei pūnaha irrigation ki ngā pūnaha aunoa, tae atu irrigation i roto i etahi wa, me te mono tikanga.

taurite pakiaka

Ko tētahi atu huarahi ngā ki te whakarato i ngā tipu makuku - ko te taurite pakiaka, kore he ina mau ana i te rere te wai i runga i te whenua, a ka i roto i keri, tata i nga pakiaka. Herenga taea te whakaaro ngā mahi hawai hilar e pā ana ki te ara o te taumata manawa whenua, riro nga otaota te makuku anake ki te whakaritenga pae. Ko te momo e rua i te rerekētanga nui: e kore he tika te tuuraa o putorino tuwhena ki te hiahia koe ki te ngahere ngā āpure rohe nui. Ko te whakatairanga i te taumata manawa whenua he pai, me te taea tahuri te wāhi tika maroke i roto i te kotinga o te whenua.

pānga pai me te kino o te irrigation

Kia aroha mai, irrigation kore anake he āhuatanga pai, engari te mea etahi pānga rawa nui mo te ahua o te oneone, e whakamakuku na whakaarokore rite te hua e taea te kino ia anake. kia whakamahi Whenua kia whakaaro i roto i te wā roa, tae noa ki taea ki te mau tonu me te whakapai ake ahuwhenua oneone, ka hoatu a reira he turanga pai mo te heke mai. Pehea, Na, ka taea e mara hawai noa kino?

Tonu ko reira utu te whakahua i te taime pai. E irrigation taea ki tino whakawhānui i te rohe o te whenua e tika ana mō te whakatipu kai. Kei te hoko te ao atu kai, a ka te reira i te taha ki pai ki te irrigation.

E te pānga kino taua ngā pēnei mea rite irrigation horo oneone me salinization tere, a kore te reira i te riri kau. Ko te aha e tūhura tonu tohunga tikanga o irrigation mō ngā taipitopito o te kino taea ki te iti. Tenei kia ngā ano moni wairangi o te wai hou, i roto i ētahi o ngā wāhanga neke atu i te moumou. Mata taurite, whakaritea ki te maturuturu i te mate i nga wa, i te wa ano ia he tino hohoro arata'i ki te horo oneone me tona salinity. Ki te, Heoi, ahuwhenua, kaimahi me ngā umanga ahuwhenua e memeha maniua matū, e homai i te puhake wā-poto i roto i loto, riro te salinity tere catastrophic.

Whanaketanga o ngā tikanga irrigation hou - te reira i te haumi i roto i te heke mai. hanga e fa'ahinga kua nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i tenei mea, engari tino kore ano e whakamahia i te mau rave'a katoa. tonu te reira ki te tumanako e te ahuwhenua konihi tahito me te irrigation, maoro, mea o te mua.