Puka inenga

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te tukumate rewharewha me ngā tikanga o te tautuhi.

I tawhiti tuatahi te kaihoko fakatupu o rewharewha e pā ana ki te whānau orthomyxovirus, i roto i te tau 1933 e te kairangahau Ingarangi WS Smith, SN Andrewes, PP Laidlaw i intranasal wereti ma rauemi tātarihia whiwhi i tūroro ki te rewharewha.

I roto i te 1940, T. Fransis ko T. P. Maqill takitahi tāutuhia rewharewha huaketo, i roto i te maha o ngā āhuatanga koiora rerekē i te whakatapua i roto i 1933, a i roto i 1947 R. M. Taylor kitea kaihoko haemagglutinating - "riaka 1233 ", tāutuhia rite rewharewha huaketo, engari rerekē i te wheori taratahi i roto i tau 1933 me te 1940. I tāutuhia ēnei wheori i nga pukapuka Latin o te tātai reta: A, B, C me te he tohu rite he serotype motuhake ia.

pēnei te orthomyxovirus whānau wheori rewharewha anake āhuatanga e te aroaro o te anga waho, me te ihirangi RNA i roto i te nucleocapsid porohita. Kei te waho glycoprotein kōpaki viral o hanganga (hemagglutinin - H neyraminidazy- ko N), ai te āhuatanga hopuhopu me antigenic o te huaketo. Gene o rewharewha huaketo hangaia te o 8 wāhanga o kotahi-paea, te diameter o te ribonucleoprotein roto porohita (RNP) i roto i te whānuitanga 9 nm. wheori rerekē A, B, C RNP antigen, e kore nei e whiti i nga tauhohe ā-momo.

Kei te mohio te reira i teie nei e ngā te whānau orthomyxovirus o rua puninga: rewharewha huaketo, e ngā wheori A ko B, me raro herenga huaketo rewharewha (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

He huaketo fakafofonga'i e rave rahi serotypes me rerekē antigenic, e rerekē i roto i te hanganga hemagglutinin me neuraminidase. Tenei huaketo pāngia e te tangata e rua, me te kararehe. E ai ki te whakarōpū hou (1980) He hemagglutinin huaketo e hoatu momo ngā tau: 1 ki ME me neuraminidase i te 1 ki te 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, NA 1, 2 āhuatanga nuinga huaketo te tangata, me te tahi atu momo o antigens mata ( H me te N1) kitea i roto i wheori e whakapoke kararehe (hoiho, poaka, kararehe, makimaki, kuri, me te rerekē ngā momo o manu).

I tēnei wā, i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te rewharewha te huaketo tika tohu te momo o te hemagglutinin me neuraminidase, a e kore e rite tonu ratou iku'anga ki nomenclature 1971 Ripanga. 1 whakaatu nga iku'anga hemagglutinin me neuraminidase rewharewha huaketo hou tangohia i roto i te 1980, i roto i rite ki te taua. haemagglutinin Human ENGARI, hemagglutinin H1 me te poaka NSw1 ngā i roto i hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin me hemagglutinin tangata hoiho NT me te heihei (Hav Neq 2 me 7), ara hemagglutinin NC. whakaaro AA Smorodintsev et al (1981) te ture ki te ngā glycoproteins tangata me te kararehe i roto i te kotahi serotype.

Tētahi atu māngai o te momo o te rewharewha huaketo ko te huaketo, i tu noa 1979 i roto i te serotypes puninga B motuhake i roto i te huaketo ki reira. He rerekē antigenic roto serotype.

Rhode rewharewha huaketo G tohu Viruses C huaketo o tenei puninga iti ako o te orthomyxovirus katoa utuafare. WHO Tohunga Group (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) ngā tenei huaketo rite te "iwi makatuunga" i roto i tenei hapu. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o te huaketo ko te aroaro o te glycoprotein i roto i te waho anga. Hei wāhanga o te huaketo e kore ko te neuraminidase paru, ahakoa i reira whākōkī retseptororazrushayuschy (RRE), tino Otley-aspirants i mohiotia neuraminidase viral. Te huaketo kua he āheinga iti o te urutaunga ki chick pūtau kukune me ngā ahurea pūtau. Ko te kukune amnion chick whakawhanake reira i te pāmahana o te 33 ° C mō te 3-4 ra o heki, e kore e nga pūtau toto whero agglutinate hereni i poaka, hei painga adsorbed i runga i te mata o te ngeniwhero heihei. Ki te karo i te elution tere o te huaketo ki te mata ngeniwhero, he mea e tika ana whakamātautau serological hemagglutination whakaturia i iti te pāmahana.

Ki te āhuatanga A me B wheori i te hanganga huringa antigenic o te tohanga i vivo, mo te rerekētanga antigenic huaketo e kore kua ano i tohua. Whakatapua i roto i 1947, 1974, 1977. huaketo ōrite.

puka inenga tika whiriwhiria (lekform) e āwhina i ki a koe fekuki ki te momo o te rewharewha tukumate. Ko te puka inenga tīpakohia e te tauturu ia koe anake, ki te te tīpakohia reira he tākuta, e kore koutou ake.