Prague Arorangi Karaka: hītori me te whakapaipai whakairo

Prague Arorangi Karaka (Orloj) - wharekarakia pourewa karaka, tāuta i roto i Prague i runga i Old Town Square. E tū ratou i runga i te taiepa tonga o te pourewa o te Old Town Hall. Na roto i te tau enei karaka arorangi toru paetukutuku i roto i te ao. E te ara, he ratou koroheke rawa, engari tonu tika.

Aue, me pehea pai Prague Arorangi Karaka! Kei o ngā āhuatanga taketake toru whakanohoia ki runga ki te pourewa poutū Orloj. Ko tōna wahi pokapū o te ariki rawa whakaatu haora arorangi, e whakaatu ana te Karari, Old Wahawaha, hou (Central Europe) me te wā sidereal, te wa o te ahiahi me te sunrise, te wāhanga marama, te tūranga o te whetu i roto i te kahui, arā, i roto i te porohita zodiacal.

I ngā taha e rua o te karaka arorangi he whika e neke nga haora. I roto ia ratou tu i roto i runga ake i te whakapakoko katoa te mate, i hanga i roto i te puka o te kōhiwi tangata. I te tihi, i runga i te matau me te taha maui o te kohatu pokapū whakairo o te anahera e rua matapihi iti whakanohoia i roto i nei i nga haora, ka rongo ia te karaka chiming, tētahi puta whakapakoko o te apotoro 12. I runga e taea kite koe i te whakapakoko kohatu o te tikaokao koura kerupa e karanga ka whakaoti i te mau Aposetolo ratou me ratou.

I raro i te waea arorangi whakanohoia te maramataka, me e taea e koe te whakatau i te marama o te tau, wiki, nga hararei Karaitiana mau ra o te wiki, me te. Ko te matau, me te maui o reira whakairo hoki whakapakoko whakanohoia.

haamaitairaa

Prague Arorangi Karaka noho i roto i te pourewa o te whare Town Old. I roto i 1338 homai te taupori o te Town tawhito o te emepera Hoani o Luxembourg te haamaitairaa o te mea i te Hall whaiaro. I muri i taua, mo te whakamahi tāone i hokona ai e te whare tūmataiti o te Volfina kaihokohoko o kohatu. I te tuatahi, hanga te whare i roto i runga i te hiahia o te Kaunihera City, a ka i roto i 1364 i rite rawa ai ki te pourewa. I te reira ko te karaka, i whakahuatia tuatahi i roto i 1402. Heoi, e tika ana ki te tiaki mangere i ki te whakakapi a ratou hohoro, na taua i hanga Orloj.

Na, haere tonu tatou ki te tūhura anō te Prague Arorangi Karaka. He arorangi te waea me te mataaratanga pūkaha ko nga wahi matamua o te karaka, i hanga i roto i te 1410. hanga enei āhuatanga he clockmaker Mikuláš o Kadan kaupapa arorangi me te mathematician John Schindel. Ko te waea arorangi kua he hoahoa whakairo e hua i te awheawhe o te toi Czech rongonui me te kaihoahoa Petra Parlerzha. Orloj tuatahi i whakahuatia i roto i te tuhinga i tuhia i Oketopa 9, 1410. I roto i te reira āhuatanga Mikuláš o Kadan te rite te wati tairanga, ka mohio nei i hanga chimes ki te Astrolabe ki nga wahi onamata o Prague.

Mea faahiahia, i roto i tenei pepa, City Kaunihera me te tavana i whakapaea kaimahi Albert (kaitiaki o mua) e tika ana ki te mahue noa o te tiaki karaka o mua, me te Mikolas whakamoemiti mo tona mahi tino. kī hoki te tuhinga e rite ki he utu mo te mahi o te ngaio whiwhi te whare i te kuwaha o te pa Gavelskih, 3000 Prague patene e utu kotahi-wā, me te mea pumau, ā-tau o te 600 pene.

hape hītori

puta tētahi atu mōhiohio pakipūmeka e pā ana ki Orloe i 1490. Ko reira ka he wati Yan Ruzhe Prague, e mohiotia ana ko te Hanus te Kaiwhakaako, pūrere e hanga ana, ka mea ia tuatahi neke whakairo o te mate, me te raro waea ki maramataka. Ēnei ngä faahiahia me 80 tau o te tau'a ore o te kaihanga tuatahi o te pānga o te meka e ko te reira i te ariki Hanus atu whakaaro 450 tau i te kaihanga o te karaka. i ara kitea tika Historical i roto i te kōrero, kia rite ki nei whakahau te mema o te Kaunihera Prague ki te matapo mātanga Hanuš ia ki tona mahi i taea e kore e korerotia ki hea atu. Ko ngā parare i roto i pūkenga whakawhetai ki te kaituhi Alois Jirasek tenei mōhiohio, tāpiri i te reira ki to ratou "Czech Legends tawhito" (1894).

I roto i Yana Ruzhe, pea i ia he tama, ko wai hoki tau maha i awhinatia ia. Ko ia te tangata e tiaki ai i te karaka arorangi ki 1530. whakaritea ana tēnei i te wati Jakubom Cech, te kaihanga o nga haora Czech kawe tuatahi. I Yakub ko he tauira, ko Orla mahue kahore tiaki tika.

I te 1552 ka whakaritea ia ki te mahi ki Prague Arorangi Clock Yana Taborskogo. e hanga ana e ia a ake te hua, me te hoatu tahi tona ako hangarau whānui. Ko roto i tenei tuhinga mo te wa tuatahi Yang Taporo hē karanga kaihanga Ian Chimes Rouge. Ko te hapa no te mea o te tikanga hē o ngā tāurunga o te wā. I roto i te 1962, tika, reira te arorangi Czech me kōrero Zdenek Gorski, e tuatapapa i te hītori o te pūtaiao.

Ko te whakaoranga o te karaka

I roto i te mau tenetere e whai ake nei, mutu Prague Arorangi Clock rave rahi mau taime e tika ana ki te kore o nga kaitiaki ngaio, me te i hanga ana o nga wa he tokorua. I roto i te 1629 me te 1659 haora aua i waiho i raro ki te hanga, i roto i nei ama ratou kua te huarahi kua oho iho i te pourewa, a puta mai te ahua o te mate rakau "hoa." I roto i tenei pūnaha hanga kaupapa huna motuhake o te marama, e whakaatu ana i tona wā kua whakapumautia.

tu tekau tau Whole whakaroau Prague Arorangi Karaka. kihai i Prague i te rau tau XVIII aufauraa i te whakarongo ki to ratou huru tino. A, no te i roto i te 1787 ki te ariki hanga whare pa noa hiahia Orloj hoatu ki mau whakarewa. Haora whakaorangia i kaimahi whakangaromanga o te Prague Clementinum: Upoko o te Observatory i hanga Ahorangi Strnad Antonin moni, me te hanga tahi me wati a Haimona Landspergerom ki 1791 moka hanga ana ratou. I roto i te meka, i taea ki te rere noa pūrere karaka ia, ka pakaru te Astrolabe, a noho.

I roto i te wā kotahi, i honoa ai ki nga whakapakoko pokarekarenga o te apotoro. whakahaere nāna o te karaka i roto i te tau 1865-1866: wahi katoa o te huarahi kua papaki, tae atu i te Astrolabe, i honoa he figurine tikaokao. Kei te mohiotia te reira e hanga e ki te artist manęs Josef puku maramataka raro. A ki te whakahaere i whakapumautia te tika o tohunga patunga chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

kino

hanga te rota o toi te Prague Arorangi Karaka. He whakakake o tenei wahi o te toi Czech Republic. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e kua meinga kino faahiahia i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te karaka. I roto i Prague, i 1945, Mei 5, te pahųtanga o maunu anti-Nasí. I roto i te pa, ko nga wahi katoa te whawhai, i hanga parepare. Ngā puta papatu tamau i roto i te pokapū, e tata ana te whare o te Czech Irirangi, nga tutu riro. Ko te hunga tutu ki te awhina o te tuku reo irirangi whakanohoia ki runga ki te pourewa o te Old Town Hall, haapurorohia he piira ki te iwi Czech.

I roto i Prague, ko reira wahi o te "pokapū" o te Army Group Tiamana. tamata ratou ki te hoatu iho te tutu, me te ki te aruaru pāpāho. ope German ki kopere i te whare Old Town Hall o flak projectiles hei tahutahu, meinga te Mei 8, 1945, mura reira. Na ka ka kino pakaru te karaka arorangi i te ahi: tuki puku Arorangi iho, ka tahuna te waea maramataka me whakapakoko rakau o te apotoro i.

whakaora

Kei te mohiotia te reira e na Hōngongoi 1, toe langa 1948 te chimes i roto i teina tonu Jindřich ko Rudolf Vesetskie hanga ana wahi pakaru, me te kōpiko o te kaupapa, a whakaarahia ana e ia ano, me te mātanga i roto i te rakau hou whakairo whakapakoko o te apotoro. Whakamutunga hanga iti o te karaka i hanga i roto i te 2005. I teie mahana, Ko reira te hanga o 3/4 ngā o ngā wāhanga tawhito.

waea arorangi

He aha e hiahia na maha iwi ki te kite i te karaka Prague? tohu arorangi whakaaturia i runga i tenei faahiahia, faahoruhoru katoa. Ko te waea o te karaka, ko te Astrolabe, rite rawa ki te puku i te pūnaha karaka. Orloj nui Ptolomeevskoe hanganga geocentric o te ao: i roto i te pokapū, ko te whenua e haatihia te marama, me te ra.

E ai ki te kōpae arorangi tae papamuri tonu tohu i te whenua me te rangi, neke nga mea timatanga e whai ake nei: te mowhiti waho me te zodiac, tohu ki pūāhua me te Marama, me Sun tākaraka tokorua ki te ringa koura, me te whetūriki i te mutunga. Rerekē mataaratanga noa, i konei tākaraka kahore.

waea maramataka

He aha te atu rongonui Prague Arorangi Karaka? i hangaia tuatahi Maramataka karaka o te karaka Yanom Ruzhe (Hanuš ariki) i roto i te 1490. Kei te mohiotia te reira e Chimes i te tuatahi ngā anake o te waea arorangi. Ko te kōpae maramataka tuatahi, kāore, e kore kua ora. I hanga Ko tōna putanga o nāianei i te kaitiaki pukapuka K. J. Erben i Prague i roto i te faaho'iraa mai o 1865-1866 tau, e hāngai ana i runga i ora kape i roto i te 1659, i hāngai i runga i te tuhi onamata. I roto i te tau peita 1865-1866 maramataka kōpae kaipeita manęs Yozef. Ko te aha te maha reira kīia ki rite waea manęs.

Ko te whakapaipai whakairo o pere

kua matau ana tatou e founga ki te karanga Prague Arorangi Karaka. Orloj - ratou ingoa tuarua. Whakairo, whakarākai reira, i hanga e rave rahi mau tenetere. Ko Ko te aha ratou e kore e whai i te whakaaro auaha kotahi. Kei te whakapono te reira e te whakairo kohatu kopaki i te whakaatu haora arorangi, me te whakairo o te anahera i roto i te wahi o runga o te karaka, awheawhe hangaia Petra Parlerzha. puta te tahi atu pae i muri.

Mai i te wā wa ki hāora whakairo toe langa, i ētahi wā i hanga matou hou e murua to ratou tikanga tuatahi. Ka rite ki te hua, i tenei ra he tino uaua ki te whakamārama i te hiranga o te hoahoa hoahoanga o te chimes.

mana tipua

Iwi ki te pakirehua wharekarakia whakapono e taea tetahi hanganga e mana tuukino o ope tipua. Na whakapaipai e ratou tona whare tiaki ngā wāhanga. Mai Kei karaka arorangi i runga i te paruru, o te whare fakamāmaní (kihai i tiaki i te reira i te wāhi temepara), te hiahia hoki nui haere hongihongi. Ko te kupu, ko te wahi o runga o te Prague kaitiaki faahiahia tikaokao me te anahera neke.

I runga i te tuanui te piki he mea namata - rua neke i, e he taea ki te tahuri i te whatu kotahi mea ora katoa ki te kohatu. E rua parirau, te ngutu manu, me te tinana nakahi pere-hiawero ia o ratou. Kei te mohiotia te reira e riro i te neke whakawhetai rongo ki te taitara o te nakahi kingi. Tataitia Rooster - he tohu o te ara maiteraa me te itoito ki te oha te ra me te ra hou tahito whakanohoia te i raro i te tuanui o te chimes. titau Whakapono e ki te tangi tuatahi o tenei manu ngaro te mana kino, hei rangatira i te po.

whakapakoko Central o te tihi o te haora ko te whakapakoko o te anahera ki te parirau. karere o te Atua pupuri rīpene kakapa ki te kupu i tenei ra e kore e taea ki te pānui i. Anahera Ko te whakapakoko matamua o te varavara, me te toa tamau ki te ope pouri. whakawhirinaki te reira i runga i te papa, i raro i whakanohoia te ropu toka rawa tē. Etahi mea e he reira he pastiche nakahi, etahi - he pukapuka ki te kuputuhi unknown. I rānei taha o te ahua o te anahera e whakanohoia e rua matapihi, e kitea nga whakapakoko haora o te apotoro 12.

Te ti'aturi nei tatou i oaoa e koe to matou tuhinga i runga i te Prague Arorangi Karaka, a ka whai koe i te hiahia ki te kaititiro i tenei faahiahia.