Poet Alexei Surkov - te whakapehapeha o te whenua Yaroslavl

I roto i te Yaroslavl, whakahaere matou he rangahau i runga i ranei noho o te waiata rongonui "I roto i te waka tikohu," mohio. ka mau te iwi o reanga katoa ki te pai ake te kuputuhi, tata kore pōhēhē te kupu. Otiia ki te ingoa kore katoa i taea te kaituhi. pehe Soviet Alexei Surkov, tona biography te ake hono ki te rohe Yaroslavl ko te kaituhi o te rārangi rongonui i haere mai i tona pene i te timatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic. He aha mohiotia te e pā ana ki tenei tangata faahiahia?

"Tangata"

Fanauhia i mua i te revolution (01/10/1899) i roto i te kainga iti (rohe Rybinsk o Yaroslavl kawanatanga) Serednevo i te hapu o peasants, timata Alexei Surkov whakaako i te kura o te rohe, ka horomia te ataahua o te natura, me te tapatahi o te ora tuawhenua. Whakaatu hiahia mo te ako, i tau 12 ka haere ia ki a St. Petersburg, i reira kua ia ki te ora i roto i te whare o te rangatira, me te imi i te moni. huaina tenei ruma i te "tangata", engari tukua reira te ta'u hongofulu tupú ki te pānui i ngā nūpepa, me te whakawhanake. timata Mahi mahi ki te mahi o te pia i roto i te whare tā, toa taonga, taitapa. Revolution tutaki ia i roto i te tauranga arumoni, te wahi mahi ia weigher.

I roto i 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" kaikauwhau i te tahi mau irava A. Gutuevsky. Tenei ingoakē tīmatanga whiriwhiria hoki ia Alexei Surkov, nei whakaahua i roto i te tau e taea te kite i roto i te tuhinga. Ko tona nganatanga tuatahi i tuhituhi. Waru nga tangata taitamariki, te mea i tuhituhia ki te Army Whero, te taviniraa rite te hōia pū mīhini me te hoiho torotoro tae noa ki 1922.

"Solo"

I roto i te rangimarie, ka hoki te punake heke mai ki te kāinga iti, te wahi mahi ia prosvetrabotoy. Tae noa 1924 te tuatahi i roto i te kainga tata, mahi ia i roto i te ruma whare-pānui, riro kaituhi tuawhenua he niupepa mataeinaa rohe. Ko te tikanga o te kairīpoata hohoro riro te matua A. Surkov. Kua "Truth" i roto i te tau 1924, i roto i te nūpepa whakaputaina ana whiti hou, a i roto i 1925 riro ia he mema o te kawanatanga Congress o Writers. I roto i te taua tau, hono te CPSU (b), ko Alexey Surkov i te Komsomol, he whakarara ki te kaituhi i roto i te kawanatanga hou hanga o te niupepa "Te Tai Tokerau Komsomolets". Hoki e toru nga tau (1926-1928) arahina e ia i te reira rite rangatira ētita, hua tohanga e 2 nga wa, me te hanga i te "Literary Corner", i reira i taea te tā ratou tīmata kaitito me kaituhi tuhi.

I roto i te Mei 1928 tona kaitautapa ki Moscow i te ahau Congress o Writers, a ka i roto i te rohe Yaroslavl, ia e kore e hoki mai, he mea pōtitia ki te Rapp. Ko te timatanga o tenei auahatanga whiti hoatu te kohinga tuatahi whakaputaina i roto i te 1930. I huaina te reira "Solo." Irava acuity tōrangapū rerekē, me te tikanga o te mea ïa e he rawa nui i roto i te tono. I roto i te tau ki te whanau tino pehe Alexei Surkov.

He whakamārama: E ai ki te whānau o te ariki

I muri hoko i te auau i ngā hui tuhituhi, tutaki te rohipehe ki Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, tana wahine he kaha'ú. Ko te tokorua whanau te rua tamariki: he tama whanau i roto i te tau 1928 Alexey Natalia me te tamahine whanau i roto i 1938 I roto i te whawhai, ka te whānau kia whakatahia ki Chistopol, he reira i reira i te mua ki te tuhituhi ratou pukapuka Alexei Surkov. I roto i te tamahine i mua nei e whiriwhiri hoki ratou te tikanga o te nūpepa, mahi musicology. ka waiho te tama te hōia, te rangatira mano Air Force.

i tohua 30raa e te meka e kua A. Surkov ki te hanga ake mo te kore o te mātauranga: kihai puta noa ia i te Institute o Ahorangi Whero, engari mau ano tona otr, a ka ahorangi i te Literary Institute. Kaua e waiho i te reira, me mahi ētita, i roto i te mahi tahi ki a M. Gorky i roto i "rangahau Literary" makasini i te wa. Te mahi i roto i LOKAFe, tonu ki te tuhituhi rotarota, me waiata e pā ana ki te toa o te Pakanga Civil: "mau hoa", "ino", "Homeland maia." Ko nga waiata ētahi mahi: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

kaituhi whawhai

"Patunga a aro", "Whero Army Pravda", "Whero Star" - aua pukapuka, i roto i 1939 whakaputaina voenkor Alexei Surkov. ka mau te pehe wahi i roto i te pakanga hōia e rua i runga i te mahana o te Pakanga nui Patriotic: te pakanga Finnish me te pakanga i roto i Western Peraruhia. Ahakoa tau neprizyvnoy, ka tonoa e ia i te ra tuatahi o te whawhai ki te mua, maranga i te 1943 ki te paetukutuku o te rūtene kānara. Reira ka tutaki ia ki he maha kaitito o te tau whawhai. E e horo'a ia aho rongonui Konstantin Simonov o: "E mahara koe, Alesha, Smolensk ara ...".

Ka rite ki tino ētita o te "Ao New", whakaputaina e ia ngā whiti, pūhohe me waiata o te wa hautoa. Ka whakaputaina te reira e rave rahi kohikohinga o ngā rotarota, "Poems o mauahara", "ino", "o Soldier Heart". I roto i te 1942 e ia tata mate o Rzhev, i muri i tuhituhi rārangi oto:

"A e kore ko te tahunga te matā rangimarie, me te wera,

Ahau haere haere te mata o te ahi.

Kei te kite te reira i na roto i te te mamae tona whaea ngako

I te aroha o te mate o ahau ... "

Engari ka waiho i te waiata tino rongonui i roto i tona mahi. I roto ia ratou: "Te waiata o te toa", "Song o nga kaiwawao o Moscow" me, o te akoranga, te rongonui "tikohu".

Ko te kōrero o "tikohu"

whanau te waiata i roto i Noema 1942 i roto i te rohe o Istria (te kainga o Kashino, Moscow Region), i reira i ia ki te waiho i te taiao o te maina. Ia tino ite e te aroaro o tona mate, he torutoru noa kaupae. A, no te haere i te ati i, i te kōti waho katoa kongokonga whiu. Ahakoa i roto i Moscow, i whanau ia i te rārangi rongonui o tonoa ki Chistopol wahine te ruri. A, no te puta putanga kaitito Konstantin Listov, hoatu Alexei Surkov ia he rārangi tuhituhia-ringa, me te wiki i muri mai i te waiata tuatahi whakamana e tona hoa Mikhail Savin.

Mai i tona ahua tuatahi o reira haere tonu ki te mua, hoko he wahi tino o hoia. waiata ia Lidiya Ruslanova, a tīmatanga noa tukua pūkete ki te record. Otiia ka i whakangaromia rawatia ratou, kia rite ki kaimahi tōrangapū purepure ino i roto i te rārangi o te rotarota, me te ui ki te huri i te kupu. Ko riro te waiata kua ki te iwi. He he taunakitanga i haere nga hoia ki te whawhai, karanga: "! Waiata, pūtangitangi, noa'tu āwhā kino" te waiata rongonui i te kainga o Kashino te pou. Ko te aronga tūturu o te kaituhi, e mahi hoki i te huringa i roto i te tau 1946 i whakawhiwhia te State paraihe.

tau tata nei

I muri i te whawhai, Alexei Surkov, nei haurongo kua riro e pā ana ki te mahi rōpū, me te āhua, rite tino ētita o "Ogonyok" me te Rector o te Institute o Literature kua mahi he rota mo te iteraa taranata hou. whakaputaina e ia Anna Akhmatova, ki te tiaki i tona ingoa i roto i mua o Hohepa Stalin. I te wa ano, he kominiusi whakaaro, e kore e mohio ki ia i te auaha Boris Pasternak, whakahē Solzhenitsyn ko Andrei Sakharov. Pehe mo e rave rahi tau e, ka kia arahina e te Union o Soviet Writers.

I roto i te 1969, ka whakanui te kāwanatanga ana whakatutukitanga Star o te Hero o te whakatutukitanga mahi. I muri i te matenga o te tangata i roto i te 1983, mo te tokomaha, ka waiho i te reira he rohi pehe faahiahia, ka whenua Yaroslavl rongonui.