Petr Berngardovich Struve: biography, whakaaro, whai ki te pāpori

Petr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) - tetahi o nga whika tūmatanui Russian tino rongonui, me te kaitōrangapū. Ana ngā ngākau nuitanga ngā ohaoha, nūpepa, hītori me te rapunga whakaaro.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: he haurongo poto

Fanauhia i roto i te whānau Berngarda Struve, nei ko te kawana o Perm, riro Pita he mātauranga pai.

Ko tona kura tuatahi te kura nui i roto i St Petersburg. I muri faaoti te tangata taitama ki te waiho i te whare mātua, me te ora i roto i te whare AM Kalmykova whakakapi tona whaea, ka haere ia ki te Whare Wānanga i te taua pa. I te tuatahi, tae mai a Pita te manga o sciences tūturu, ka (i muri i te kotahi tau) haere te ture.

Tona riri hoki ariā Marxist ko na kaha, i hua i te whakahaere o te porowhita kaupapa. Ko te whare wānanga Petr Berngardovich Struve ako ia tae noa ki 1894, i roto i nei te wa i tae mai ia, te wahi i ia ahorangi o te pāpori L. Gumplowicz Austria. Ko konei e i faaoti Pita ki te riro i te ohanga.

Tīmata o ngā mahi kairīpoata

Ko te tuhinga tuatahi, i tuhituhi a whakaputaina Petr Berngardovich Struve, whakaputaina i roto i tetahi o nga niupepa Social-Democratic German i roto i tona noho i roto i Austria.

Whakarāpopoto i te mahi Struve rite te publicist, e taea te wehea te reira ki e rua e whai ake nei i ia atu wāhanga:

1. Mua-hou. Tuhi, tuhinga, me te tuhinga roa, tuhituhia i mua 1907, i wahi o te ako me te fakaanga o ariā o Marx. whakaata hoki e ratou te kunenga mai o te whakaaro o Pita i te mara o te ohaoha me te pāpori.
2. Post-hou. Ngohe Struve i roto i tenei wā ko te pakanga ki te tiaki i te kotahitanga o Russia. Ano hāngai faaino kitea i te maximalism hou.

I roto i te whānui, take o te wā mahi i tēnei ahua tohu mahi tauine, e whakaatu ana me te tātari i ngā tukanga ā-tupu i roto i te hapori Russian i taua wa, i te tirohanga o te pāpori.

whakaaro tōrangapū o Struve me ratou kunenga

Ko ia he admirer u'ana o Marxism i tona tamarikitanga, Struve Petr Berngardovich i muri i te mau ohipa orurehau o 1907 ka whakatika ki te tūranga o te liberalism momo. Ko te tukanga o besprimeren panoni tōrangapū, engari faafaito mahi mau huru tōrangapū o Pita tona mahi i roto i te ohaoha, pāpori, philology me te rapunga whakaaro. Korero o ia, kite Petr Berngardovich Struve e kore e taea te whakatau i tona wāhi arotahi ki runga i meridians rōpū-tōrangapū.

No te mea o ngā whakapono tōrangapū me te ngā i hoatu V. I. Lenin Struve aromatawai rawa kino i pā ki tona ingoa i runga i te tau. I roto i ngā wā Soviet, kua ahua o te whakahua kaiaka i roto i te tikanga ā iwi kua anake i roto i te ara kino, ka kua kore i whakaputaina te mahi. Ka taea te tino hipoki te āhuatanga ke i roto i nga tau whakamutunga o te Soviet Union, me tenei ra tona whanaketanga me te takoha ki te weriweri o te kainga tupu hinengaro, me te tōrangapū o to tatou whenua.

Mai i Marxism ki te kaupapa ohaoha

Ko te titauraa wä ki te whakakapi i te tirohanga Marxist mai idealism taumauri me haratau ohaoha, i ka kaha tiakina Struve Petr Berngardovich. Haurongo ahua ngā te rota o ngā ingoa rongonui ki te āwhina ia ia i roto i whakahē i te tikanga Russian. Ki tenei mutunga, whakaritea te whare whakaputa "Arotake Contemporary" i roto i te 1900. Ko tōna mahi matua ko te whakaputanga o ngā tuhinga e ai takahi i te tikanga ngā.

I muri tango wahi i roto i te whakaaturanga puranga Pita whakahekea, i ia ki te haere ki Tver. Mā te pūtea kaiwhakaputa D. E. Zhukovskogo, nei ko te tahi o ana, i taea ki te whakarite i te putanga o te hautaka "Liberation" i roto i Germany Struve. Ki te whiwhi whakaaetanga ki te waiho ui mo tokoni i hoa mana te kairīpoata.

Heoi, e kore i taea e te tohutoro ārai te tuhituhi o mahi tuhituhi mo te ako o nga turanga taumauri o ngā kaupapa here ohaoha. ko tau rima noa tau ho'iraa ka whakamahi i tetahi o nga pā, tukua he murunga i runga i utu tōrangapū i Struve Petr Berngardovich. Haurongo o te philosopho me kairīpoata mo te tekau tau i muri mai o te ora, whakaahua ana tona mahi i te Kuratini Institute i St Petersburg. Tuatahi he kaiako, pükenga me te ahorangi faahiahia, faifai ka e ia upoko o te tari o te ōhanga tōrangapū.

I roto i tenei wā, i tuhituhia ai e te mahi ohaoha matua o Pita ( "Economy me Utu"), ngā buka i riro a tona ariki, me te tākutatanga.

Te pakanga ki mua

i te revolution Bolshevik Struve huru rawa kino. Tino hohoro, he marama torutoru i muri i enei ngā, ka haere a Pita Struve me Berngardovich G. N. Trubetskoy ki te Don. E te wa i ratou e rua ngā mema o te Centre Matau (whakahaere ture). I whai wāhi kaimahi i roto i te hanganga o te Army Volunteer. I reira, ka Pita he mema pōtitia o te runanga ā Don, i mahi rite te hui tōrangapū, a mahi i raro i General Alekseev.

I muri i akina atu te ope i ki te mahi i te pera-ka karanga pakanga Ice, tae puku Struve i te pane. I ia neke atu i te ono marama ki te ora i roto i te mana ture. I roto i tenei wā, whai wāhi a Pita i te tukanga o te hanga tetahi o te whakahaere raro anti-Bolshevik kaha i huaina "Center National". Wahi o te mahi ko te peka Moscow o te rōpū.

Wherahia te wehi whero, whakapataritari e te nganatanga kōhurutanga i runga i Lenin, takoha rangatira ki te waiho i te pane. Tona piringa i ïa Alyatino i Vologda.

Mahi i roto i Europe

I muri, i muri i te haerenga ki te whenua o te raki o Russia, i taea ki te haere ki Finland Struve. Here ia ko AV Kartashov (tetahi atu mema o te pokapū) tutaki ki General N. N. Yudenichem ka puritia a'oraa e pā ana ki te whakahaere o ngā mahi tahi. Ngā mihi ki te mahi ruruku me te mohio o nga mema o o ngā rōpū-Bolshevik anti, arahina Yudenich pokapū hōia-tōrangapū i roto i Finland.

I whakawhiwhia hoki aro o Pita i te "Komiti whakaoranga Russian." whakaturia tenei whakahaere i roto i 1919, ka mahi ki te whakaoranga o Russia, me te whakatairanga i tona mana i roto i te tahi atu āhua. Ko te komiti i roto i te putanga o ia rā o te pepa tāngia e whakaatu ngā tūturu i roto i Russia. Te haamauraa i kōrero ki Admiral A. V. Kolchakom me tona kāwanatanga wāhi ki te tohatoha o moni mo te "Center National".

mahi kahore iti kaha Struve i noho i roto i France mahi ki ngā mema o te "hui Russian tōrangapū."

Hoki ana tautooraa, philosopho me te kaituhi, i whiua e te marae o te RSFSR ki te mate. Ahakoa tenei meka, tonu Pita tona mahi ki te tianara White me kaha ngā mahi kairīpoata.

mate Pita Struve i Paris i te 1944, i reira noho ai ia ki tona whānau mai i te tau 1942.

whakaaro philosopho i runga ariā tōrangapū

Struve ko he māngai o te Marxism ture pera-ka karanga i roto i Russia. Kei te nuinga o ka karanga tenei wā kaupapa pāpori e, i te wāhi ariā, me te wä o te tirohanga, whakaae ana te tika o Marx ki tona ako ōhanga o tūturu hītori o te pūnaha capitalist.

whakaae kaimahi te ara capitalist o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga hei pūtake taea mo te te pai ōhanga o Russia. Ko te whakatinanatanga whai hua o whakahounga pāpori me ngā āhuatanga māra i roto i nei i taea e te takitahi whakawhanake, he āhuatanga nui e motuhia atu Struve Petr Berngardovich enei. Ngaahi Fakakaukau o tenei ahua mo te mau parau tumu o te faanahonahoraa o te kāwanatanga bourgeois. ka mau a Struve ia tūranga tino nui, karanga "te kaiwhakahaere o te tikanga", i te mea e taea ki te whakakore i nga pakanga o te āhua pāpori, me te whakarite i ki te hapori i roto i ngā ōhanga me te tōrangapū.

Innovation Pita Struve

paopao Tikanga Struve toru wāhanga taketake e vai i roto i te Māoritanga o te ōhanga tōrangapū :

• Ko te mahi ariā o te uara.
• Ko te ariā o te whaipainga haurokuroku.
• Kura Historical.

Tenei ahua, ko tetahi o te tuatahi nei whakamahia te pūnaha, me te tikanga o te haamauraa i te pūtake i hanga ki runga ki nei i te kāwai o te ōhanga tōrangapū. whakaarohia e ia he pūnaha e toru-taumata tohanga o ngā hononga:

• Whare.
• Off-pāmu.
• Pāpori-hua.

Ia no hoki ki te whakapae e kore nga whakahounga e haere counter ki nga whakarerenga iho ora o te iwi, me ona uara ahurea. kia ratou hanga ki runga ki tenei turanga.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: takoha ki te pāpori

Ko reira utu ki te whakahua i te pūnaha pāpori me ōhanga, whakaahuatia e te philosopho. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i ngā ariā pērā i "utu", "painga ōhanga", "moni" me "uara." Ko te taa o te pūnaha, ko e te "utu" o te kāwai homai ki te mana taketake. Ko te tikanga mo te hanganga o te mooni ā-ōhanga katoa. Ano hoki hangaia tenei kāwai Struve te rite te turanga mo te katoa pāpori-ōhanga Tuhituhi-atu, i te wa, ka rite ki Marx whakamahia hoki tenei whakaaro, i te ariā o te uara tuwhene.

Tika o te tikanga o "revolution momo" i roto i te Russia - tetahi o nga whakaaro matua whakawhanakehia Petr Berngardovich Struve. whakaako Sociology te i roto i ngä whare wänanga hou, ako te ariā o democratization o te hapori Russian, te ahua e whakaarohia ana. E ai ki a ia, e hiahiatia ana te reira i te rauemi e whai ake nei:

• rauemi Whaiaro.
• wae Tātaritanga.
• wae whakaae.
• te ora tuakiri.
• rauemi ahurea me te hītori.
• rauemi Taumahi.

Struve ki nga mahi mo te whanaketanga o te ariā o te ahurea

Tona whai ki te kaimahi mara whakaurua roto i te whakamahi o te tātari pū, mā te whakamahi i ngā tuhinga tuhituhi. Ana whakapakoko ko Nikolai Leskov, Nikolai Gogol, F. Dostoevsky me ētahi atu kaituhi rongonui. I tua atu, i raro Struve ki tirohanga me te mahi auaha o Pushkin, karanga ki a ia te tangata pai i roto i te āhuatanga ā-tōrangapū o te ora.
whakaaetia ana e tohe parau tumu o te mana o te tiaki o rangatiratanga takitahi, me te ki te mau tonu i te tikanga tōrangapū kainga me te mana āhua kaha. kī ia e te tangata o te ahurea Russian - he hono, me te tikanga o whakakotahi me te vavahiraa i āhua splochayuschee iwi. Culture hoki reira kua ona ake tikanga: te whakamahi o ratou āhuatanga auaha, me te whakakotahi. whakapono Struve e katoa wāhi (mahi, tōrangapū, whanaunga matawaka) ki te kia aitia ahurea.

tuku iho tuhi

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tuhituhi tino nui e kua hanga Petr Berngardovich Struve - 'pūkenga me Revolution "(1909). I roto i te meka, tenei mahi ko te tuhinga ngā e kei roto i te pukapuka "Milestones".

Collection o Struve, tae atu ona arotake o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū, me te ahurea tino katoa tango wahi i roto i Russia me ētahi atu whenua, i whakaputaina i roto i te 2004, ka i te taitara o "Te Diary o tōrangapū."