Pere Tactical "Tochka-U": āhuatanga

Hōngongoi 29, 2014 te hongere rongo American ua faaite CNN ki te ao i i whakarewahia i roto i te whawhai, i te mea Ukraine, he pere ballistic "Tochka-U" i kore mahara ki te whiti te rohe kāwanatanga. I te iti rawa, ko e te tikanga o te karere ngaro. He aha i taea e te whakaaro e taea e te whāinga o tīmata te ahanoa kia i roto i tetahi atu whenua? He aha te mea te reira? A, ki te kei te ūnga i roto i Ukraine, he aha hoki tona whakangaromanga ki te whakamahi i missiles ballistic? He maha ngā pātai ...

Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari ïa no o enei ngā, ka hiahia i roto i ngā pūnaha rauhanga "Tochka-U" te iwi whānui.

He raruraru takawaenga

Ko tētahi o te pātai matua ko e founga pea hapa hanga ina neke koe i te pere ki te ūnga? Hei whakahoki i tēnei pātai, ko reira e tika ana ki te mahino te hanganga o tenei momo o patu.

ope Ukrainian patu whakaaturia tonu tona harakore, karanga noa toru take he aha i reira e taea. Tuatahi, missiles ballistic i roto i te mahi ki kahore APU. Tuarua, kihai i ratou ka. A tuatoru, kihai i te ope Ukrainian whakamahi ratou. Na, i runga i te kaupapa o te US State Department, tū te hui o ona māngai ki te Russian Foreign Minita Lavrov, i roto i nei fakapapau'i ano te whakamutunga e kore ko te whawhai i runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation. I runga i tenei raruraru i pau ōkawa, ahakoa te pere "Tochka-U" tu, i te ara, i roto i te mahi o te ope Iukereiniana, hāngai reira te whakamāramatanga o te ngaro "patu ultra-pū" e e ngana ana ki te whakawehi te kaiārahi o DNR me LNR Pirimia Yatsenyuk. I tetahi mea iti rawa tika atu APU kore mārama e riro.

Haere tino ki tetahi rahua. Otiia e kore e tenei tikanga e reira ko kahore he nganatanga. tohunga Military hanga ngā whakapae wero, te kimi etahi faitatau i waenganui i angitu whakaata tākirirangi whakaeke o Iseraela, me te Hiriani maiki pere. Ko te tino lelei nai ki he tokomaha ko te putanga rite ki ai nga missiles Ukrainian wha "Tochka-U" koperea iho i te pūnaha ārai Russian. No taunakitanga ā-tuhi o tenei, engari etahi o nga meka mohiotia whakaaro tenei whakaaro.

Na ko te aha te huru o te pere, me te wahi i haere mai ai i Ukraine? A, no te me te wahi e hua ratou? Kia pehea te tawhito ko te tauira hōu? He aha e nga āhuatanga o tenei momo o te patu? Me pēhea kia whakamahia ratou me te hoki te mea whakaaro i hanga e ratou? He aha warheads taea kawe i te reira? Ko wai ka taea e whakahaere tenei matatini?

I enei me ētahi atu take mārama me tenei tuhinga ka whakahoki kupu, kahore kōrero faufaa.

missiles rauhanga, me te hōia huringa ariā

E wehea mana karihi katoa ki e rua ngā kāwai matua. missiles rautaki, raro kaipuke karihi, me te roa-whānui rererangi he utu e te hunga faufaa mo te tono o te mōrahi, te kino kino ki te ōhanga, te hoariri o te whenua i roto i te hui o te pakanga ao. Ko reira e ano iti kaha, mahi whakatakotoria o te aroraa kapamua - kua huaina ratou rauhanga. tākirirangi "Point" i hanga mo tenei whakaaro i roto i te 1965 e Engineers Soviet o te Bureau "rama". i ia he mahi pai, engari na te mutunga o nga Heoi, kua mutu ratou ki te whakatau i nga whakaritenga o te hōia. I roto i te tono o warheads karihi kihai i whai auraa motuhake tika, engari i tenei wa i roto i te ora ke i te tauiraa e pa i te āhua o te ako korero kua. ka mau ope rautaki te tūranga o te raunga ao, me te kaiwhakamau o te tapatahi rohe o nga whenua-pāpori, engari kua nui haere te maha o ngā papā rohe. Ko te whakaaro o te tono spetszaryadov i roto i te pakanga Vietnam, te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti ranei, kia kua tae mai upoko wera o te tangata, engari Waimarie, ki te kahore he pai. Whakakahangia te tūranga o te paura tikanga, na reira, e hiahiatia ana ki te tino whakapai ake i te tika o te patu i te ūnga. A i te wa ano ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga. I tukua te take ki Hoahoa Bureau o Machine Whare. whakanōhanga huna ki te ingoa haehaa arahina SP Invincible. korero Ingoa Whānau.

Ko te pere hou

ngā tuhinga hoahoa mo te tākirirangi tauira o mua i whakawhitia ki a MSC i ICD "rama". Ēnei rauemi whakamatauria ki te waiho i te wahi tino nui o te mahi, te whakaora i te rota o te wā, me te kaha. whakaora te reira i te rota o ngā wāhanga, hahi me ngā pūnaha, he ahua o te moenga whakamātautau i mahi rite te tākirirangi "Point". Te tauira hou, te tahi atu mana, tae atu ki te jet hau, destabilizer whakakorea, mana whakarerekē me te hangarau arata'iraa. Ka rite ki te hua, ki te mahi pakeke nui whakarei i te Engineers mahi i roto i nga tau 1968-1971 tutuki päoka ka nui haere perigee. A - tino nui - ko pū te ūnga hit. i whakahaere whakamātautau i runga i te pae whakarewatanga Kapustin Yar, a i roto i 1973 whakaae te State Kōmihana te kaupapa. timata te reira i production. I hangaia nga Momo i te Volgograd tipu "parepare" (tīmata-ake, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere) me Votkinsk Machine Building Plant (te missiles). haere te pūnaha ki raupapa taumaha Machinery Plant Petropavlovsk. I tua atu, i whakanohoia nga hinonga ngā o te matatini o katoa nga wae whakahau whenua korero. whāngai ōkawa ki mahi ka mau wahi i roto i 1975, i oti ratou ki te Army i te taumata kara.

ka mau ao hou atu o te matatini wahi i roto i te waenganui-eighties. E tangohia matou ki pūkete me te ngā tikanga huarere o mahi, e i roto i Transbaikalia me Central Asia ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau atu.

pere Tactical "Tochka-U" (ko e te ingoa hou mo tenei patu) hanga i roto i te pa o Votkinsk.

Pito-ki-P me te pūnaha arata'iraa hou

timata nga rōnihi whakamātautau tuatahi i roto i 1971, whakaputaina e ratou te tohunga wheketere. I roto i nga tau e rua, kawea ana e ia i roto i mutunga me te faaotiraa whakamutunga o rite o te raupapa kāwanatanga raraunga. tino tū āhuatanga kōmihana tiketike. Ko te ine i te ūnga tikanga kihai i nui 250 mita i te tawhiti iti o te 15 kiromita me te mōrahi o runga ki te 70.

A pai ake ngā pūnaha. "Point-P" taea te whakamahi i te matenga hāngū mō te arata'iraa i runga i te radiation irirangi me te hihiani e whakawhānui te whānuitanga o tona tono, a tukua te whakamahi o te patu ki te pehi i parepare rangi hoariri ranei disorientation pūnaha mana ope, me te kōrero hoariri pea. Ki te wāhi o rua heketea nui haere hinga tika - inaianei ko reira 45 mita.

Ko reira he mahi tino pai.

whakarite

whakamahi Tactical o patu fakahu'unga te taea o te whawhai ngā taumata iti, i raro nei e matau i te hōia rererangi iti, me te nui, te tari matua, kōrero pokapū, warehouses, whakaurunga rokiroki, teihana rerewhenua, tauranga, me te tahi atu hanganga, i roto i ngā te wā o whiwhi hiranga hōia.

e kore e taea te huaina nga āhuatanga o tenei whāinga iti. Mō patua missiles ballistic (ara iti) i roto i te whare, kaipuke, manureva, topatopa wehe he motokā tereina ranei, me te kupu e kore e taea te haere. Whakatangihia whakapangia i runga i te rohe, i whakawhanakehia he täoro o ngā warheads utu hōia.

I te wa ka tomo te Army Soviet te pere "Tochka-U" i runga i te terrorism tangata Soviet te ao ako te nuinga i te hōtaka "Wā", a tae noa ka anake, no te pāho i runga i te āhuatanga i roto i Ulster. Kua whakaaturia Events o nga tekau tau mua e taea tenei rauhanga e whai hua, me te mo te whawhai ki ngā kēnge, i roto i ngā, ki te whakangaro i nga turanga o militants me ratou puni whakangungu. Otiia i roto i tetahi take e kore tikanga ki te whakamahi i missiles "Tochka-U" mo te pupuhi i ngā wāhi noho o nga pa kainga ranei. No mea pehea tiketike ko te tika, te whakatutuki whakangaromanga whiriwhiri o nga rōpū patu o te iwi karapotia e civilians taea.

I te whenua me te wai

I tahaki, he tākirirangi whakarewahia i te Pūwhakarewa kore e taea e. te pūnaha pūkoro ko te tīwae o te maha waka, te maha o e rerekē i runga i te mahi. Tuatahi, e hiahia ana koe he Pūwhakarewa, whai wāhi nei i roto i te whakarewatanga o missiles "Tochka-U". Ko e kore hoki te whakaaro ki o te pere kotahi i hanga matatini! Hoki te UE kia tīwae arā, o tohutohutia me kawe mīhini, mana kawe me te teihana whakamātautau me te tiaki awheawhe. Kua kawea te tākirirangi i roto i ngā motuhake hangaia mo te transportation haumaru o te matā. rite rawa te mīhini ka tohutohutia te ki whāwhā taputapu. Taputapu me ngā pūrere tikanga ki te whakahaere i te hauora o ngā pūnaha me ngā wāhanga. He tata katoa i roto i te hui o ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

e hiahiatia ana te waka kura wahie te anake, ki te e haere i runga i tawhiti roa te (neke atu i 650 kiromita - ko tenei te rāhui mana). Tākirirangi whitikiria i te wheketere, kua reira totoka-propellant nekeneke.

Whakatere te kēne matatini i roto i tata tetahi whenua, ara i runga i te wai. Tere o te kaupapa ko te ara pai - ki runga ki te 60 km / h, i runga i te ara paru - 40 km / h ki runga whenua taratara - 15 km / h. A, no te whakamahi i te wai-jet engines mīhini hinga te arai wai i te tere o te 8 km / h. Ko te ora ratonga o waka ko 15 mano kiromita.

Spetszaryady

"Tochka-U" - he pere ballistic. Ngā Āhuatanga ia, ahakoa nui atu tano atu i taua o taniwha rautaki, engari he reira rawaka ki te whakaaro i te reira taea spetszaryadov kawe. I raro i tenei wā te hōia mahino patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu, karihi, me te matū. Hei patua ratou he patu ki te hoariri, e hiahia ana koe te wahi upoko hāngai, kei te hoki i huaina nei pākahiko hōia. pere Tactical "Tochka-U" Ka taea te rawa ki warheads karihi, i runga i te kaha hiahiatia o te pahūtanga rānei. Ko te kupu, ko te wahi matenga he 9N39 ōrite TNT ki kotahi rau kilotons me 9N64 - ki runga ki te rau e rua.

I roto i te tono o te spetszaryadov karihi, e taea te rite rawa ki te tākirirangi "Point-U", te pūtoro o te lesion (totoka), whanganga i te hub, e kia neke atu i te tekau ma rima kiromita.

Hoki te whakahaere o warheads pakanga matū rauhanga whakaratohia 9N123G me 9N123G2-1 kei roto 65 iti-huānga RH i te nui o 60.5 me 50,5 kg, aua ( "Soman").

kaha tikanga

Nomenclature ngingio kariri whakaratohia whānui. Warhead nui-taikaha mahi 9N123F kähaki whakarato 162 kg o TNT, titaria tata rima mano whatiwhatinga. Hoki te pānga tino nui o te nekeneke whakamutunga e hanga te pere "Tochka-U". I whakaratohia wāhi lesion ki toru eka kähaki tiaki i te teitei o 20 mita i muri i te tautuhi anō i te trajectory ballistic i roto i te aratau hinga nui pari. Ko te tuaka o te whatiwhatinga razbroska koeko ngā ki te whakawhānui i te rāngai ahi.

upoko wahi rīpene Kei 9N123K rima tekau huānga (i taimaha e pā ana ki te waru kirokaramu ia) muia ki patu huānga te tau tapeke tata ki 16 mano. Ia rīpene ko te tairitenga o te mau pohū anti-kaimahi, anake nui. Pa te whakangaromia e ahanoa tiaki mārō rawa i runga i te rohe o e whitu heketea.

Ko taea hoki te whakamahi o missiles "Tochka-U" mō te horahanga tuhinga whakatö.

kōrero rauhanga, me te hangarau

Hoki missiles rauhanga he nui, e kore e anake te awhe rere mōrahi, engari ano hoki te iti. Kore ka taea ki te haere mai kia tata e pai kia ira, a reira rawa mōrearea te hoariri. Ko te unahi ki te etaeta ara 15 kiromita whenua - he tawhiti iti rawa, e taea kopere "Point-U" (pere ballistic) tenei. āhuatanga rere i roto i tenei take e whai ake: tiketike - ki runga ki te 26 mano mita, Rod - 9800 KN, kei te rere te pūkaha - ki runga ki te 28 hēkona .. Na ka haere te rere i runga i te trajectory ballistic.

Ki te te ūnga mo te pae, ka kia paku rerekē nga tautuhinga. teitei mōrahi (päoka) makaka tino. 2 meneti 16 hēkona ka hinga i te pere 120 km - ko te whānuitanga mōrahi o te pere "Tochka-U".

Hei kawe i firings angitu faufaa me te kakama o te whakamahinga o te whawhai kaumoana. He Pūwhakarewa kaumoana pai-whakangungua, arā, o wha iwi, taea ki te iriti matatini o te waka i roto i te whawhai huru mo 16 meneti, ko te täkupu e tenei. Ki te mohiotia te hiahia ki te tīmata i roto i mua, ka tika e rua meneti i muri i te hoki kapa ki te tīmatanga, ka kia hanga e ia. Warhead taimaha tata hawhe te ton ka rere ki te ūnga. tere tākirirangi "Tochka-U" ki runga ki te kotahi kiromita ia te rua,

Ia momo ringa hangaia ki te whakaoti mahi motuhake, e, i runga i nga tikanga motuhake rānei kia nui atu iti iho ranei whānui. Patu - he ahua o te taputapu, i roto i ētahi wā, me te mea tino kaha, me te taratara, i roto i te tahi atu mau tupuraa he reira pai ki te whakamahi i te tahi mea he mohio, te wahine whakatarapi. Rauhanga kariri ballistic, ahakoa aronga pū nui, e kore e taea e whakarato i te hinga pōti mārama, na i roto i ngā wāhi Tuitui kapi te wahi ratou te tikanga e kore e whakamahi.

Ko te tono mahi o rauhanga

Ko te pere "Tochka-U", te pūtoro o te mate o nga take o nei e kore e nui ake 120 kiromita, tino tika mō te whakangaro turanga kaiwhakatuma me puni kei roto i te maunga te koraha ranei. I roto i te pakanga tuatahi i roto i Chechnya, i whakamahia ai mo tona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana, i roto i o ratou rātaka, pukapuka te nei i tuhituhia, General GN Troshev (pukapuka i huaina "i matao Chechen"). Āhuatanga o tātai o te whakamahi i tenei matā presupposes e te whakahau o ngā raraunga pono me te taunga tangohia o te ūnga. Taua mōhiohio i enei e taea te whakarato te hōpara ātea (i roto i te take o te tika rangi i runga i te whare matakitaki o ngā mahi, me te ngaro o haapoiri kapua o rohe ahi). e kore e tutakina te reira i te whakamahi o ētahi atu puna, ki te e riro ratou i āpiha aravihi, ia te wheako o te mahi ki te mahere matawhenua.

I roto i te Maehe 2000, e tata ana te kainga o te Komsomolsk ... Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i tenei rohe i reira ko te puni o militants. Kei te pai te taiepa te ahanoa, taumata pā taua e ka e ngana ana ki huaki mooni parekura o kaimahi. Tata pa, whakangaro e, o te akoranga, e taea. Ko te pahūtanga o te pere "Tochka-U" hipokina te rohe ārai, ka mutu he rōpū kaha ki te tīariari, a kore e whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai, ki te nei na āta rite. E faatiti'aifarohia raruraru e rite me ngā hōia pere rauhanga i roto i te tahi atu wahi o te mua, whakaiti parekura, me te whakatutuki angitu mīharo, he wahi nui o nei i tātaitanga whakangungu pai.

whakakitea nga kauhoe tino tohu taua wehenga Russian i roto i te mau ohipa 2008 i roto i South Ossetia. Pakari a ki mahi rite hōia Hiriani pehi mua antigovernmental. Ko te nuinga o ratou whāinga te turanga o hoto i roto i te koraha.

e kore e taea e taua kārangarangatia whakamanamana o Ukraine. Missiles "Tochka-U", riro te whenua i te taonga tuku i te Soviet Union kia whai kē nui ratou ora papa (ko reira kotahi tekau tau). I roto i te 2000, i roto i te mahi whakangungu i te whānuitanga puhipuhi Goncharov, ko reira te whakarewatanga, i patua e toru ka whara rima noho o Brovary (Kievi rohe.). Kua te warhead kua tono whakangungu, kahore tiaki, te kore i taea e kua te patunga i te rota.

tiaki o te matatini

Mana taputapu "Point" he matatini tino uaua. Faariiraa i te tohu e tika ana e rave rahi marama, me i te wa ano, ara, ki te te huru tino pai (kaua e rere i roto i o te ora papa, tātai mohio me te ngaro o te pato'iraa kaha i te hoariri) patua he taurangi tonu i te tuatahi tīmatanga-ake i reira. E kore te mea te pere "Tochka-U" tiketike-pū patu. mea Tohunga e taea te tutuki i te hua pai ki te tuku o wha anga, tetahi o te mea tino pea e i te mutunga o te trajectory ballistic ka waiho i roto i te pūtoro o tekau o mita i te ūnga. kia tango hoki te reira i ki pūkete te meka e kua puta ke te paerewa o te wa pahure mai te whanaketanga o tenei matatini. Ko te whakamahi o "ngā" ki te aro hōia, militias tutu mahi tata te kainga, poauau kore anake taihara, engari, rawa i homai te tohu iti o tātaitanga tākirirangi.