Tau ariā: ariā me te mahi

He maha ngā whakamāramatanga o te wā "ariā o tau." Ko tētahi o ratou ta e ko te reira i te peka motuhake o te pāngarau (tātai teitei ranei), i tirohia i roto i te taipitopito nga tau katoa, me te ahanoa rite ki a ratou.

āta tētahi atu whakamāramatanga e tenei peka o pāngarau ako nga āhuatanga o ngā tau, me to ratou whanonga i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Tahi mau aivanaa whakapono e ko na nui te ariā e hoatu ai he whakamāramatanga pū e taea, a tika wehe koutou ake ki iti ariā rōrahi.

Whakaturia reliably ka ahu te ariā o ngā tau, e kore e taea. Heoi, tika tāuta: i tenei ra te matamua, otiia e kore anake te tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te moni ki te ariā tahito o tau, ko te kongakonga iti o te papa paru 1800 BC. Reira - he maha o pera-ka karanga kāhui tau a Pythagoras (tau māori), he tokomaha o nei ngā o e rima tohu. He maha nui o kāhui tau katia ratou kōwhiringa aunoa. Tenei kōrero e whakatika moni i roto i te āhua i te ariā o ngā tau nui mua atu i whakaaro tuatahi pūtaiao.

Ko te kaiwhakaari tino nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te ariā o te Pythagoreans whakaaro Euclid ko Diophantus, e noho i roto i te Anotau Inia Aryabhata, Brahmagupta ko Bhaskara, a tae noa i muri mai - Fermat, Hēura, Lagrange.

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau kua ngā tau ariā te whakarongo o taua geniuses pāngarau rite A. N. Korkin, E. I. Zolotarov, A. A. Markov, B. N. Delone, DK Faddeev, I. M. Vinogradov, G .Veyl Selberg.

Te whakawhanake me te keri i nga tātai me rangahau o mathematicians tawhito, kawea e ratou te ariā ki te, taumata nui teitei hou, hipoki maha ngā wāhi. I roto i-hōhonu rangahau me te rapu mō taunakitanga hou, me te arahina ki te kitea o ngā raruraru hou, etahi o nei kua kore i ako noa nei. Noho tuwhera: whakapae Artin o primes ore maha, te pātai o te tau mure ore o primes, maha atu ariā.

I reira nga wāhanga matua, e kua wehea ki tau ariā, te ariā he: māmā, tau nui o tau matapōkere, tātari, taurangi.

te mahi Elementary ariā tau ki te ako o ngā tau tōpū, kahore tuhi ngā tikanga me ngā ariā i ētahi atu peka o te pāngarau. tau Student, iti ture tauwehe whakamutunga o Fermat, - ko enei te tino noa, pai-mohiotia noa ki ngā ariā kura i tenei ariā.

rapu te wahangatekiona tūponotanga ariā, ki te whakamatau e te tauhanga (i runga i tetahi atu - - he toharite o te koromatua) te ariā o tau nui (ranei te ture o ngā tau nui) tauira nui o tata ki te tumanako (Kei te hoki i huaina nei te toharite ariā) o te tauira i raro i te huru o te tohatoha whakaritea.

Ko te ariā o tau matapōkere, wehe nga ngā katoa i roto i te pahuhu noa, deterministic me matapōkere, e ngana ana ki te whakatau i te tūponotanga o tūponotanga matatini o ngā ohie. Ko tēnei wāhanga ngā te āhuatanga o tūponotanga here me ratou ture tauwehe whakareatanga, whakapae Ariā (maha i huaina tātai Bayes '), me te pera atu.

Analytic tau ariā, rite he mārama i tona ingoa, mo te ako o ngā rahinga pāngarau me ngā āhuatanga tau o nga tikanga, me ngā tūāhua o te tātari pāngarau. Ko tētahi o nga ahunga matua o tenei ariā - te tohu (te whakamahi i te tātari matatini) i runga i te tohatoha o ngā tau pirimia.

mahi tika taurangi Tau Theory ki nga tau o to ratou analogues (hei tauira, ngā tau taurangi), Akoranga ariā rōpū tau whakawehe cohomology mahi Dirichlet etc.

Ko te ahua me te whanaketanga o tenei ariā arahina nganatanga senituli-tawhito ki te whakamatau ture tauwehe o Fermat.

Tae noa te rau tau rua tekau, whakaaro te ariā o ngā tau i te pūtaiao waitara, "koe parakore o pāngarau", e kore he tino kore tono mahi utilitarian ranei. I teie mahana, Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te tätaitanga o kawa Tuhimunatanga, i roto i te tātai i te trajectories o āmiorangi me pōkai wāhi, hōtaka. Economics, pūtea, pūtaiao rorohiko, te tātai i - enei pūtaiao katoa i tenei ra e taea, kahore te ariā o ngā tau.