Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: ngā meka

whanau Omar Khayyam, he haurongo poto aroaro nei i roto i tenei pepa, i roto i Nishapur Haratua 18, 1048. Kei Nishapur te i roto i te rawhiti o Iran, i roto i te kawanatanga ahurea o Khorasan. Ko tenei pa te wahi i reira huihui te ataahua i te rota o te iwi mai i ngā rohe rerekē o Iran, a tae noa i te whenua i tata. I tua atu, whakaaro Nishapur te tetahi o nga pokapū ahurea matua o te wa i roto i Iran. I roto i te pa mai mahi te rautau 11 madrasas - kura o momo teitei me tuarua. I roto i tetahi o ratou ako ia ko Omar Khayyam.

Haurongo i roto i te Russian tā translation o ngā ingoa tika. I te tahi taime, Heoi, e hiahiatia ana te kaipānui te me te putanga reo Ingarihi, hei tauira, ina e hiahia ana koe ki te kitea rauemi i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Pehea i taea e iriti i: "Omar Khayyam: A Haurongo"? "Omar Khayyam: haurongo" - te putanga tika.

Childhood me te taiohitanga Khayyam

Kia aroha mai, e kore te mea nui ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki a ratou, ka rite ki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ora o maha iwi rongonui o nga wa onamata. Haurongo o Omar Khayyam i kōhungahunga me te taiohi tohua e te meka i noho ia i roto i Nishapur. He kore ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona utuafare. Īngoa Khayyam, rite matau koutou, te tikanga "ariki teneti", "campers". taea ana tēnei kairangahau ki te hanga i te whakaaro i ko tona papa te māngai o porowhita mahi. Te whānau, i roto i tetahi take, i nga tikanga ranea ki te hoatu i tana tama te mātauranga tika.

Mātauranga tohua tona ora i muri mai. tuatahi ako Omar Khayyam pūtaiao i roto i madrasas Nishapur, nei i mohiotia hei kautaha rangatira, i rite hoki te mahi tūmatanui o rangatira tiketike i te wa. I muri tonu i taua Omar tona mātauranga i roto i Samarkand me Balkh.

riro Knowledge Khayyam

puritia e ia he momo o sciences tūturu me tangohia: āhuahanga, pāngarau, te tātai arorangi, te ahupūngao. Omar hoki āta ako hītori, koranovedenie, theosophy, rapunga whakaaro me te whakaturia o pūtaiao Philological, nei ko wahi o te ariā o te mātauranga i te wā. mohio ia tuhinga Arabic, matatau i roto i Arabic, a mohio nga taketake o te versification. i mohio i roto i te whakaora me ngā tātai whetū ko Omara, a ako ariā waiata.

Khayyam mohio maitai te Koran i te ngakau, i taea e ahau te tikanga o tetahi irava. Na reira, karanga noa nga theologians tino nui o te Te Tai Rāwhiti ki a Omar mō te tohutohu. Ana whakaaro, Heoi, kihai i tomo ki Ihirama i roto i tona tikanga haratau.

Ko te āhuatanga tuatahi i roto i te mara o te pāngarau

Ko te āhuatanga tuatahi i roto i te pāngarau tohua tona ora i muri mai. i Omar Khayyam tenei pūtaiao te aronga matua o ratou akoranga. I tau 25, hanga ana e ia te kitea tuatahi i roto i te pāngarau. I roto i te 60raa o te rau tau 11 whakaputaina e ia te mahi i runga i tenei pūtaiao, e hopoi mai ia rongo hei aivanaa tino. timata rangatira Tuhinga ki hoatu ia tiaki.

Life i marae Hakan Shams al-mülk

whakataetae nga rangatira o te rau tau 11 ki ia atu i roto i te kororia o te huinga. manukawhakitia ratou tangata nunui mātauranga. ui noa te mana tino ki te marae ka kaitito rongonui me ngā pūkenga. Kihai i tohungia tenei whakarau me Omar. Ratonga i te marae, a ka whakawhiwhia tona haurongo.

Omar Khayyam, tuatahi arahina tona mahi pūtaiao i te marae o Prince Hakan Shams al-mülk, i Bukhara. E ai ki te chronicler o te rau tau 11, karapotia Bukhara rangatira te kororia o Omar, a tae noa whakanohoia ia i runga i te torona taha ia.

Fakaafe ki Isfahan

E tenei wa kua tupu te reira, a pumau te nui Seljuk Empire. Tugulbek, te rangatira Seljuk, i roto i te 1055 patua Baghdad. whakapuakina e ia ia te rangatira o te Empire hou, Sultan. ngaro Caliph te mana, a tohua reira he wā o te whanaketanga ahurea, ka karanga te Eastern Renaissance.

pānga ēnei ngā te whakarau o Omar Khayyam. tonu tona haurongo wā New. Omar Khayyam i roto i 1074 i karangatia ia ki te marae kingi ki te mahi i roto i te pa o Isfahan. I tenei wa, nga ture o Sultan Malik Shah. Tenei tau tohua te timatanga o te wā-tau 20 o ana mahi pūtaiao hua, tutuki hua i tahuri atu ngingila. I tenei wa ko te pa o Isfahan te whakapaipai o te mana Seljuk, i totoro i te Mediterranean ki te rohe o Haina.

Life i te marae o Malik Shah

ka Omar he hōnore fakafuofua'i 'i te ariki nui nui. E ai ki te kōrero, Nizam al-mülk noa ia whakaekea ki te whakahaere Nishapur me te rohe e karapoti ana. ka mea a Omar e kore e taea e ia rāhuitia me te whakatakoto atu he aha te mea e tika ana mo te whakahaere o te iwi. whakaritea e te Sultan a ia he utu o te 10 mano. dinars Gold te tau (he moni nui) ki Khayyam taea noa ngā i roto i te pūtaiao.

Observatory whakahaere

i karangatia Khayyam ki te whakahaere i te Observatory whare. kua kohia Sultan te pai o arorangi i te marae, a tohaina moni nui mo te hoko o te taputapu utu. te mahi o te hanga i te maramataka hou i hoatu i roto i te mua o Omar. I roto i te rau tau 11 i roto i Central Asia ko Iran i te wa taua i reira e rua ngā pūnaha: te maramataka solar, me te kaupeka. Rua i tino tika. E Maehe 1079 i kitea te raruraru. whakaarohia Khayyam ko maramataka 7 hēkona kaupae tangohia tenei ra Kelekōlió (whakawhanakehia i roto i te rau tau 16)!

arahina Omar Khayyam te kitenga arorangi Observatory. I roto i tona era o tātai arorangi i hono tata reira ki kōkōrangi, i roto i nga anotau Middle, ko te pūtaiao o te tikanga mahi. Na ko Omar wahi o te tira o Malik Shah rite ki tona kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me te whetu. Ko nui tona rongo rite te matakite.

mua New i roto i te pāngarau

I te marae i roto i Isfahan, i whai wāhi hoki Omar Khayyam i te pāngarau. I roto i te 1077, i hanga e ia te mahi āhuahanga i oti rawa ki te tikanga o ngā āhuatanga uaua Euclid. tuatahi i hoatu e ia he whakarōpū ngaio o nga momo matua o whārite - pūtoru, tapawha, rārangi (katoa 25 ngā momo), ka hanga te ariā o te whakaoti whārite pūtoru. Ko ia te tangata e tuatahi whakaarahia te pātai e pā ana ki te hononga i waenganui i te pūtaiao o te āhuahanga ki taurangi.

Hoki te wa roa i mohiotia ki pūtaiao Pākehā nei i hanga āhuahanga kore-Euclidean me te taurangi hou teitei pukapuka Khayyam. A i ratou ki anō-tango i te ara roa roa ki te haere me e 5-6 senituli ratou i mua i kua oti whakatakotoria Khayyam.

akomanga rapunga whakaaro

I whai wāhi hoki Khayyam i te raruraru o te kaupapa, ako te kainga tupu pūtaiao o Avicenna. whakawhitia e ia ki Persian i Arabic, etahi o ana mahi, whakaatu auaha, mai i tenei wa te tūranga o te reo o te pūtaiao takaro Arabic.

Ko te pukapuka taumauri tuatahi i hanga ai i roto i 1080 ( "te pukapuka i runga i te oraraa, me te titauraa"). ka mea a Khayyam e ko ia he muimui o Avicenna, a faaite whakaaro e pā ana ki Ihirama i te tirohanga o te aristotelianstva rawhiti. Omar, mohio ki te oraraa o te Atua kia rite ki nga take pakiaka o mea, tohe e takoto te tikanga motuhake o nga mea e te ture o te natura, e kore ko reira te hua o te whakaaro nui te Atua. kaha whakahe enei whakaaro ki te pono mārika Muslim. I roto i te pukapuka i whakatakotoria e ratou i roto i torutoru a me ki e pehi, nä reo Aesopian me tō'onga. He nui ake ai toku maia, i ētahi wā maia medium, whakaaro anti-Islamic whakahuatia i roto i te rotarota o Omar Khayyam.

Haurongo: Poems Khayyam

Ko te rotarota tuhituhi ia anake Rubaie, arā quatrains, i roto i nei rhymed 1, 2, 4, ranei wha haké katoa. hanga e ia a ratou mo te ora. kihai i Khayyam tuhituhia odes ve'a rangatira. e kore ko Rubaie puka nui o te rotarota, rite he punake, kihai i Omar Khayyam mohio e hono to'utangatá. A kihai ia i tāpiri nui te faufaa ki o ratou rotarota. puta ratou riro atu pea, ore.

Omar tūnga wiriwiri, i te marae

I te mutunga o 1092 whawhati e ia he wā ata-tau 20 o tona ora i te marae o Malik Shah. I tenei wa, ka mate te ariki nui i roto i te mau huru mārama. Na i patua Nizam al-mülk te marama mua. Ko te mate o te rua pataloni pēnei puna wharekarakia o Khayyam ki nga Ismailis, nga māngai o kaupapa fakalotu-tōrangapū whakahaua ki te rangatira Turkish. I muri i te matenga o Malik Shah, pawera ratou Isfahan mohio. whanau te tutu me muhu'i i waipuke wehi te mea ngaro kohuru pa. timata te pakanga mo te mana ki te hu'ahu'a roa'tu kingitanga nui.

Roroku me te āhuatanga i te marae o te pouaru o Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. kihai i te wahine whakawhirinaki āwhiwhiwhi Nizam al-mülk. Kua mahi Omar Khayyam mo etahi wa i te Observatory, engari e kore kua riro tetahi ihirangi mua, kahore tautoko. I te wa ano, i mahi ia kia rite ki te rata, me te whetu i Turkan Khatun.

Ka rite ki tapahia te mahi marae i poto Khayyam

Ko te kōrero o te pehea pakaru tona mahi kōti, kua meinga nei te pukapuka. no reira ki te 1097. Sanjar, te tama whakaotinga a Malik Shah, koroputa kotahi kirimana, ko Khayyam, e tukinotia ia, pohehe faaite feaa e ka ora te tamaiti-tau 11-tau. i rangona kuta korero kupu i te pononga, ka whakawhiti te manawanui ki te kainga. Ko wai i roto i te ariki nui a muri, e kingi i 1118 e 1157 te kāwanatanga Seljuk, Sanjar tona ora whanga mauahara katoa ki Khayyam.

I muri i te matenga o Malik Shah Isfahan ngaro tūranga o te pokapū pūtaiao matua, me te whare mo te kingitanga. Karukaru a i roto i te mutunga, ka oho te Observatory, me te whakapaipai ki te pa o Merv (Khorasan) i katia. mahue Omar te marae ake, ka hoki ki Nishapur.

Life i roto i Nishapur

Here noho ia tae noa ki tona mate, anake wā mahue te pa ki te haere ki Balkh me Bukhara. I tua atu, i hanga e ia he manene roa ki te wahi tapu Muslim i Mecca. Ua haapii Khayyam i roto i madrasas Nishapur. I ia te porohita iti o akonga. I te tahi taime e tango e ia he pūtaiao tākirirangi e rapu he hui ka mau ki a ia wahi i roto i te tautohetohe pūtaiao.

Ko tino uaua te wā whakamutunga o tona ora, kua pā ana ki fakamasiva me te mamae kua e kua hangaia e te mo'emo'e fakalaumālie. I roto i te Nishapur tau ki te rongo Omar rite te arorangi me te mathematician i honoa apotata kororia me te freethinker. Riri o piri o Ihirama huaina ana whakaaro taumauri.

tuku iho Scientific me taumauri o Khayyam

Haurongo o Omar Khayyam (poto) e kore e taea te kōrero i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki tona mahi. mōhio tatou anake e tona kainga tupu iti pūtaiao, me te taumauri. Rerekē Avicenna, tona mua, e kore Khayyam i hanga i te pūnaha taumauri pipiri. pā ana Ngā tuhinga whakapae anake ki te pātai takitahi o te kaupapa, ahakoa te nui tino. Etahi o ratou i tuhituhi i roto i te urupare ki te tono i te hinonga fakamāmaní ranei wairua. Kua ora te reira i 5 anake tohi taumauri o Omar. He poto, poto katoa o ratou, i ētahi wā tango i te whārangi torutoru.

Ko te manene ki tūruhi, me te ora i roto i te kainga

I muri i te tahi mau wa, ka na kino i takoha Khayyam ki te hanga i te manene uaua, me te roa ki tūruhi (i roto i te tau kua kaumātua) he tutukinga ki te minita. I roto i tenei tau o te haere ki nga wahi tapu i ētahi wā roa te reira no te tau. i ora ai Omar mo etahi wa i roto i Baghdad. Whakaako tona koioranga i reira kua ngā i roto i te Nizamiyya.

Omar Khayyam, e pā ana ki matau tatou nei ora, kāore, e kore e tokomaha, e hoki te kāinga, ka anga ia ki te ora i roto i te kainga e tata ana Nishapur i roto i te whare mo'emo'e. E ai ki te whakaaturanga o nga ngā kaituhi wharekarakia, kihai i ia faaipoipo, me te kore nga tamariki a ia. noho ia kati i roto i te tau te tamau no te mea o te māharahara me te whakatoi.

Ka rite ki te mea kua pau ahau nga haora whakamutunga o te ora o Omar Khayyam

haurongo Poto i Russian o te tohunga pūtaiao, philosopho me te rohi pehe, i tuhituhia e te maha o kaituhi. whakaae matatiki katoa e kore e mohiotia ïa te tau o tona mate. whakaaro te rā tino pea te ki kia ia i roto i 1123. Mai i te puna o te rau tau 12 ka tae ki a tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki te pehea pau Khayyam nga haora whakamutunga o te ora. I rongo tenei kōrero i ona teina, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. I tenei ra, āta ako Omar te "pukapuka o faaoraraa" i tuhituhia e Avicenna. Pa tonu i te "kotahi, me te maha" hoatu Hayam te tīkaro i waenganui i nga rau, ka ui mo te iwi e tika ana ki te mahi i tana e pai. kihai i kai Omar inu ra katoa ranei. I puta ia i te pure whakamutunga, piko ia ki te whenua i roto i te ahiahi. Na, ka mea a Khayyam, tahuri ki te Atua, e mohio ana ia kia rite ki te nui e taea, me taua mohio o reira - ko te ara ki reira tenei. Na ka mate ia. I roto i te whakaahua i raro nei - i tona urupa i roto i Nishapur.

Mai te aha te tahi atu puna taea e koe te ako e pā ana ki te ora o te tangata rite Omar Khayyam? Haurongo TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) e hāngai koe, ki te koutou mōhiohio taketake noa e pā ana ki reira. Ka taea hoki te kōrero ki te whakaputanga o te pukapuka Khayyam, i roto i te omuaraa ki nei maha hoatu he whakamārama o tona ora. Kua whakaratohia matou anake ngā mōhiohio taketake e pā ana ki te tangata pērā i Omar Khayyam. Biography, tona iwi, te hītori o tona ora, whiti me tuleki - tenei katoa me te rota o te iwi e hiahia i roto i tenei ra. korero te reira o te faufaa o te faufaa ai'a kua mahue e ia, te tūranga nui i roto i te aamu o te tuakiri o Omar Khayyam.