Pakanga Hiko. Ko te pakanga matatini Russian hou hiko

whakamana whakamahere rautaki o ngā mahi hōia tari matua taua i runga i te maha o ngā whakapae taketake. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te kore aho qua o whakahau matauranga o te taiao whakahaere me te whakawhitiwhiti kuratini o te mōhiohio. I roto i te take o te hanganga ture kāore anō-ki ranei o enei paearu e rua, ara te ope tino kaha i roto i te ao, patu ki te maha nui o hangarau hou, me te rite rawa ki te hoia tīpakohia, puta ki te mano rawakore, taimaha ki puranga o mau whakarewa. Fariiraa me te tuku o te mōhiohio e tēnei wā te whakatinana e te tikanga o te tūhura, kitea, me te kōrero. Mō ki te mono hihiani hoariri, me te whakangaro i ona kōrero, te moemoea o nga rautaki. Ka taea te mahi te reira e te tikanga me ngā tikanga o te pakanga hiko (EW).

tikanga wawe ngaahi fakafepaki'i hiko

Puaki kau te hikohiko, ka anga reira ki te whakamahi e te tari ārai. Ko nga painga o te kōrero ahokore whakaaro e Popov, tonu mauruuru te Imperial Russian Navy. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao rangi fariiraa me te tuku o te mōhiohio e kitea. I te wa ano, me nga tikanga tuatahi o te pakanga hiko, ano wehi, me te kore e tino whai hua. Hei waihanga raweketia maturuturu iho manureva me airships i te teitei o Reza konumohe takai konumohe, kėia he tutukitanga ki te wahi o ngaru irirangi. O te akoranga, he maha huakore tenei tikanga, mahi ia te roa, me te ki tonu hongere kōrero e kore e īnaki. I roto i te tau 1914-1918 i whakaputa me tetahi atu ara nui ki EW, noa i roto i to tatou wa. Ko te whāinga o signalers me tutei tomo te mōhio o kōrero hoariri faufaa. Information rawa hohoro ako pehea ki te whakamuna, engari ara te aromatawai o te kaha o te reo irirangi whakaaetia he kaitätari kaimahi ki te whakawa mo ake.

Ko e Fatongia o Pārongo i roto i te Ao

I muri te Pakanga II o te Ao tomo pakanga hiko te wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga. Ko te mana o mua, me te waka rererangi Nasí Germany ui fakafepaki whai hua. I roto i Ingarangi me te US, whenua anga te raruraru o te haumaru o te Atlantic Communications, timata mahi nui i runga i te hanganga o te tikanga o te kitenga tawhiti o ngā taumata mata me te rangi, i roto i ngā, rererangi me missiles FAA. Koi ko te pātai e pā ana ki te taea o te deciphering karere submariners Tiamana. Ahakoa te mahi faahiahia o kaitätari pāngarau me te aroaro o etahi o nga whakatutukitanga, ka whai hua te pakanga hiko i muri i anake te hopu o (tupurangi) mīhini ngaro Engima. Ko te uara tūturu o rangahau i roto i te mara o te apee me aruaru hanganga mōhiohio i roto i Germany roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, a kihai i kitea, engari i whakaemi te wheako.

Army rite te kaiao ora

I roto i te Cold War timata pakanga hiko ki te tango i te āhua, rite ki te ariā hou o ratou. Nga ope patu, ki te rite ratou ki te rauropi ora, kua whekau tairongo, te roro, me te pokapū haumaru wāhi tika i roto i te pānga ahi i runga i te hoariri. "Taringa" me "kanohi" o te ope - tirotiro, kite me te tāututanga o ngā e taea tū he riri ki te haumarutanga o te taumata rauhanga rautaki ranei. whakamana Brain mahi e te tari matua. Reira e te kikokore "io" takere kōrero i roto i te wae hōia riro whakahau, e hiahiatia ana mo te mahi. Hei tiaki i tenei pūnaha matatini katoa whakahaeretia ngā mehua, engari tonu te reira whakaraerae. Tuatahi, e whai ana i nga wa katoa te hoariri ki te wahi i te mana na roto i te whakangaro i te tari matua. Ko tōna whakaaro tuarua ko ki te patu i te tikanga mōhiohio kai (hihiani me ngā tūranga distal rapunga). A toru, ka reira he mona kahore pūnaha mana hongere kōrero taumahinga. Ko te pūnaha hou o te pakanga hiko ko tua atu te hōkai o enei mahi e toru, me te he maha nui atu uaua mahi.

karawhiti Defense

Ko reira kahore he mea ngaro e te hōia pūtea o te USA i ngā o te moni taea Russia. Hei tu pai te riri taea to matou whenua kua ki te tango i mehua asymmetrical ki te whakarite taumata tika o te haumaru tikanga iti utu. Ko te tōtika o rongoā tautuhi rongoā tiketike-tech e hanga nga tikanga hangarau tono te kino teitei i runga i te tautooraa wahine taikaha hāngai i runga i ona wāhi whakaraerae.

I roto i te Russian Federation, ko tetahi o te rōpū ārahi whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te pakanga hiko KRET (āwangawanga "hangarau Radio-hiko"). Ko te pūtake mo te hanganga o te tikanga o te pehanga o te mahi hoariri pea ko te ariā taumauri tino. Hoki te mahi angitu o te pūnaha e whakatau i te wāhi matua o te mahi i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga o te pakanga hōia.

He aha te mea te whakararu pūngao-kore

I te wā nei o te hanganga o te pokanoa ao, tino katia te utu o ngā mōhiohio, he tata e taea. He nui pea mehua counter whai hua atu ki te haukoti i te tohu, tona tikanga me te tuku o te hoariri i roto i te puka fakakehei. he pūnaha taua kua te pānga o te pakanga hiko, riro i te tohunga ingoa "whakararu pūngao-kore." Ka taea e tōna mahi arahi ki te ina tīmata ana oti o te mana kino o nga ope patu, me te, rite te tupu, ki to ratou hinga oti. Tenei tikanga, kia rite ki etahi, kua whakamahia i roto i te pakanga Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti, engari i roto i te mutunga o nga Heoi me wawe hitu ahuru turanga pūtau taputapu EW kihai i tukua ki te whakatutuki pai tiketike. Pokanoa i roto i te whakahaere o ngā waeine hōia kawea o te hoariri i roto i "ā-ringa". I teie mahana, i te tikanga o Russian wae pakanga hiko i hangarau mamati.

tikanga rauhanga

I tua atu ki ngā take o rautaki, hoia tu ana i te aronga, i ki te whakaoti rapanga rauhanga. Me rere rererangi i runga i ngā tūranga hoariri tiakina e te patu rangi korero. He reira taea ki te whakarato ratou ki irava noa i runga i te rārangi o te korero? Ko te wāhanga, i puta i roto i mahi manuao i roto i te Moana Black (April 2014), tata akapapu e whakarato hou pakanga hiko Russian te tūponotanga nui o ngā kākahu maitai rererangi, ara ki te he kore i roto i te ahu whakamua te nuinga nga āhuatanga o tenei ra.

Te Tāhuhu o Paruru tano ngā kīanga i te kōrero, engari korero te tauhohenga taha American buka. Pūnoa - i roto i ngā o nekeneke - taiawhiotia te kaipuke, kua arahina "Donald Kuk" rererangi tahanga Su-24 ki te kore o te taputapu arata'iraa katoa. Ko tenei e founga iti matatini pakanga hiko "Khibiny".

Matatini "Khibiny"

Te pūnaha, ko muri i te hiwi maunga i runga i te kola Peninsula i roto i te ahua ko te ipu porotakaroa, kua iri i runga i te pylon rererangi hōia paerewa. Ko te whakaaro o te hanga i tētahi kōrero moni counter puta i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te hitu ahuru. riro kaupapa Defence KNIRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute). pakanga hiko matatini conceptually ngā o rua poraka, tetahi o nei ( "Proran") te kawenga mō te mahi maramarama, me te tahi atu ( "hui") faaite pokanoa hohe. mutu pai Operation i 1980.

hangaia nga kōwae i ki kia tāuta i runga i te toa raina-mua Su-27. Russian pakanga hiko matatini "Khibiny" Ko te hua o te whakakotahi nga mahi o ngā waeine e rua, me te whakarite kia e ruruku ratou mahi tahi ki te taputapu onboard o te rererangi.

matatini whakaaro

hangaia Pūrere L-175B ( "Khibiny") te ki te mahi e rave rahi mahi, tautuhia rite te tapeke o te pehanga hiko o te mahi korero rangi hoariri.

Ko te mahi tuatahi i a ia ki te whakatau i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai - ko zapelengovat pūkenga pūtake radiation. Na, hē te tohu hua kei ki te whāinga o te kimi raruraru o te rererangi kawe. I tua atu, hangaia e te pūrere te tikanga mo te ahua i runga i te mata hihiani o ngā taumata teka, fakafaingata'a'ia'i te faaotiraa o te tawhiti me te taunga, me worsens atu mahi āhukahuka.

Rapanga puta i ngā pūnaha rangi korero hoariri e hoko kia whānui e kore te mea e tika ana ki te korero e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o ratou mahi.

Ao hou, o te "Khibiny"

I roto i te wa kua pahure i muri ohi i te hua L-175B, i te waiho i raro hoahoa o te pūrere ki ngā huringa maha, whāinga ki te whakapai ake i te tawhā hangarau me te whakaiti i roto i te rahi me te taimaha. tonu Improvement tenei ra, kei te pupuri i whaktauiratia ngaro, engari e mohio ana tatou e kia kawe i te huinga hou o te pakanga rorohiko tiaki rōpū o rererangi i te pānga o complexes pere anti-rererangi hoariri pea rite ngā tenei ra, me te fafau. hanga Modular tā te taea o te whakanui ake cardinality me ngā mōhiohio kaha, i runga i nga whakaritenga o te āhuatanga rauhanga rānei. I roto i te whakawhanake i te pūrere e ki pūkete kore anake te āhua o nāianei o te rangi korero hoariri pea, engari ano hoki te anaanatae o wāhitanga whanaketanga i roto i te heke mai tata (tae noa ki 2025).

Mysterious "pūnaha krasukha EW"

hōia pakanga hiko o te Russian Federation kua tata kua whāngai wha huinga pūkoro o te pakanga hiko "pūnaha-4 krasukha EW." He ngaro ratou, ahakoa te meka e he kua fakatelesitialé pūnaha whakaritea o rite whakaaro "pūnaha EW krasukha 2" i roto i te te whakamahi i roto i te ope mai 2009.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kua hanga pūnaha pūkoro Rostov Research Institute "Rōnaki", whakaputaina i roto i te Nizhny Novgorod NGO "Quantum" ka eke i runga i te tahuhu Hapaha-6910-022 (waru-wira, atu-ara). E ai ki tona parau tumu o te mahi te pakanga "pūnaha krasukha EW" matatini Russian hōu hiko ko te pūnaha hohe-hāngū, te whakakotahi i te re-paheke o mara hiko hangaia e te pūhihi whakatūpato wawe (tae atu AWACS), me te hanganga o te kaha pokanoa arotahi. e kore e kore o ngā kōrero hangarau haukotia i turuturu ki te mōhiohio pāpāho e pā ana ki te taea whakaongaonga o te EW matatini, nei he pūnaha "haurangi" mana mahi o unmanned waka irirangi me wāhanga whai missiles hoariri pea.

He aha te mea huna i muri i te arai o te mea ngaro

No te mau tumu kitea, kua pupuri i ngaro te mōhiohio i runga i nga ngā o te hou pūnaha pakanga hiko Russian. E hoki Ētahi atu whenua kore i roto i te hohoro ki te faaite i ngaro i roto i ēnei whanaketanga, i te mea tino tīmata. Heoi, ki te whakawa i te tohu o te hihiko o te korero ngā i te hangarau taunakitanga circumstantial ko tonu taea. Rerekē missiles karihi rautaki i runga i te whai huatanga o te mea pai mana'o ka hanga tātari natulá anake, e taea te whakamatauria taputapu EW i raro i ngā āhuatanga rite tata ki te whawhai, a tae noa ki te tino tūturu, ahakoa hoariri pea, rite tupu i roto i April 2014. Ahakoa reira he take ki te whakapono e nga hoia Russian pakanga hiko i roto i nei take e kore e kore te reira.