Mahi toko i te ora - he aha te mea tenei? Fundamentals o herehere

Kohanga Reo herehere whai wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki ki te nui ngā raruraru hauora hinengaro.

ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga

Akoranga i roto i te mara o te whakangungu me te mātauranga o te kōhungahunga tamariki ki nui hauātanga hinengaro, ka taea ki te wehewehe e toru wā:

1. Whanaketanga o te ako herehere i 1930 ki te 1978. I tenei wa, putu wheako whakaako, ako āhuatanga psycho-ako, me te haumanu o te huru o tamariki hinengaro pūkeke ana a wā kura-i mua, te whakarite i te anga ture, tuhinga pūtaiao, me te huarahi mo te hanganga o motuhake herehere op-mua.
2. Ao hou, o te ihirangi o ngā mahi herehere, me te mātauranga i roto i ngä pütahi kura-i mua mō ngā tamariki hauā hinengaro i 1978 ki te 1992.
3. Takotoranga mo te tāutu wawe o disorders hinengaro i roto i te kōhungahunga tamariki, te ako psycho-kaupapa o maumaui, te hononga ki te tukanga ako o te mau metua (1992 - i teie mahana).

Hanganga o te mahi toko i te ora i roto i te kōhungahunga

Te tātari atu wā o tona hanganga.

I roto i te tūranga motuhake tuatahi takaro e te ariā L. S. Vygotskogo. I roto i te thirties o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i Russia i whakakitea ai te ture taketake o te hanganga o te ngakau o te tamaiti. Rangahau whakahaere i te wa whakakitea e te hanganga o te mahi hinengaro teitei o te tangata puta i muri i whanau. I tenei tukanga awe e te taiao pāpori, whakangungu me te mātauranga. Ka rite ki te hua, i taea ki te aromatawai i te hononga o ngā āhuatanga koiora me te pāpori i roto i te whanaketanga o te tamaiti kōhungahunga nga kaiako raraunga, ko nga turanga o te mahi toko i te ora.

whanaketanga kāinga o te kōhungahunga tamariki ariā ako

Kua takoto Scientists e te hanganga āta o te matauranga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga i te whakawhänui i te taea tūturu i roto i reira. Kua whakaaetia e te ariā L. S. Vygotskogo kaiako ki te tiki ake tikanga hou o te mahi toko i te ora mo te kōhungahunga.

kaimātai hinengaro Soviet D. B. Elkonin, whakakitea A. N. Leonteva e kore ko te ako noa te take ārahi i roto i te hanganga o te maramarama, te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga hinengaro, engari ano hoki i roto i te whanaketanga o te mahi auaha o kōhungahunga tamariki. Ko te hua o te mahi roa o te rōpū o ngā kaiako i roto i te hononga tata ki kaimātai hinengaro ko te putanga i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau whakamutunga, te whakawhanake whakangungu i roto i te ako kura-mua.

Ko te faufaa o te whakawhanake whakangungu mo herehere

puta he tikanga pērā o te whakaako hinengaro pūkeke ana kōhungahunga tamariki i roto i te tau 1975. i i tenei wa whakatuwheratia te reira i te motuhake i roto i Moscow kōhungahunga, hangaia mō ngā tamariki hauā hinengaro. I roto i te rangahau i kitea ai e te whanaketanga rerekē o te ako, ko te taea anake ka whakawhanake whakangungu, te tono o te ariā o te wā tairongo. Kid he disorders whanaketanga, titau te puaretanga ako kiko, me te wā. Ko te tōtika o mehua herehere, me te mātauranga tei runga i ka i tīmata te mahi. mahi toko i te ora - ko te whakatipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki tenei. Kua tāutuhia e te raruraru mua, whakawhanakehia te hōtaka ki te whakatutuki a ratou, te nui ake pea ko reira e ka whai hua pai te ako.

Hōtaka i runga i te mātauranga o hinengaro pūkeke ana kōhungahunga tamariki

I whakaputaina te reira i roto i te tau 1976. I tua atu ki te hanga tikanga mātauranga me te whakangungu, kua whakawhanakehia taunakitanga motuhake mo ratou whakatinanatanga i roto i kōhungahunga whare mātauranga mō ngā tamariki ki te haurahi a whanaketanga hinengaro i. I roto i te tikanga tuhia reira e mahi toko i te ora - ko te wāhanga o Defectology tenei, motuhake i roto i ngā take o te whanaketanga me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki hinengaro pūkeke ana.

I te mutunga o te rau tau 20, tonu rangahau i roto i te mara o te ako. i whakahaere ritenga i ngä herehere, kaimātai hinengaro tamaiti. Ko te hua o te rōpū o kaimātai hinengaro me ngā kaiako kōhungahunga ko te hanganga o te ariā o te huarahi mahi ki te whanaketanga whaiaro o te tamaiti kōhungahunga. Kua whakaputaina e te kairangahau e rave rahi hautaka pūtaiao, i roto i nei i tuhia ai taua mahi toko i te ora - e kore te mea te reira i te rerenga kōrero, engari he take ki te whakapakari i te mahi o ngā kaiako. puta te reira i roto i nga 80 o te rau tau whakamutunga, me te hōtaka motuhake whakawhanakehia e te O. P. Gavrilushkinym, N. D. Sokolovym, hangaia hoki te whakangungu me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki hinengaro pūkeke ana o kōhungahunga tau.

E pā ana te reira ki te meka e te mahi toko i te ora - ko te aronga nui o ngā mahi whakaako, he huarahi whānui ki te whanaketanga me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki ki te hauātanga hinengaro i tenei. Ko te aronga i runga i te hanga o ngā āhuatanga tino pai mō te hanganga o ngā mahi a ngā tamariki. ngā hōtaka whakangungu hangaia mo te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga i te 3 ki te 8 tau. whakaaro ratou te tāututanga me te ako o te tangata koati hauā hinengaro.

Hāngai i runga i te huarahi kōmitimiti ki ngā mahi a ngā tamariki ki te maumaui o te whanaketanga hinengaro.

Ko te pau o te mahi toko i te ora o ngā tamariki

Na he aha te mea te mahi toko i te ora? Whakatau i tohu e matua ni'ai te te pūnaha o ngā mahi e hāngai ana ki te upooti'araa i disorders hinengaro i roto i ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, tauturu i enei tamariki urutau ki te taiao pāpori. I tua atu ki e whakamahia i roto i te kōhungahunga kēmu tūranga-whakatangi tuku iho, kei te hoatu tokanga makehe ki mahi whakairoiro. Tamariki e whai raruraru nui ki maramarama, ngā kaiako me ngā kaimātai hinengaro whai wāhi i roto i te hoahoa, whakahere ratou akomanga i roto i te sculpting, peita. I roto i te akoranga o taua mahi ko te whanaketanga o pai pūkenga nekeneke i roto i ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, te whakawhanake i to ratou taputapu waiata, i hanga te pūkenga kōrerorero o kōrero. Ahakoa hauā whakawhanaketanga nui, ki te huarahi tika o ngä me kaimātai hinengaro, hanganga taea o ngā ariā pāngarau pūmotu, me te whakapanga nga turanga o te whanonga i roto i te hapori.

mahi toko i te ora hou

E rangahau o mahi toko i te ora i te wheriko kau? kaiako web me kaimātai hinengaro rata ana te rapu mō ngā puka me ngā tikanga o te mahi ki te kōhungahunga tamariki, e ngenge tawhiti muri ō rātou hoa i roto i te whanaketanga hinengaro hou. Fele, ka rite ki te ahua o te tautoko mo te kai o herehere kōhungahunga tamariki ki ngā raruraru i roto i te whanaketanga hinengaro ko te kōhungahunga herehere motuhake. Ko tenei te wahi pai whakawhanakehia-therapy kupu. mahi herehere i raro i ngā hōtaka motuhake, whakaaetia e te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga, i roto i te taairaa piri ki nga kaiako hapori hauora, kaimātai hinengaro tamaiti.

Rangahau i roto i te Russian Federation mō te herehere

rangahau Modern whakahaeretia i roto i te mara o te ako herehere, matua e hāngai ana ki te hanganga o te ariā motuhake o te kite wawe o ngā raruraru, whakarato wā o te ako psycho-kaupapa o ine tāutuhia i roto i te whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga. Hei te mahi ngaio ki kia whai hua, kia whakawhanakehia ako herehere i roto i te taha ki te Institute o te Mātauranga Family.

Ko te whakamahi o te whānau, me te huarahi pāpori ki te tātaritanga wawe o ine hinengaro i roto i kōhungahunga titau tautoko Pathologists mātanga. I muri te tāutu i te raruraru faatiti'aifarohia te te pātai o atu kōhungahunga whakangungu. hanga te reira i te kōmihana motuhake, e ngā kore anake ngaio hauora, engari ano hoki kaihaumanu, kaiako, kaihaumanu, kaimātai hinengaro tamaiti. Ki te whakapumautia, kua tonoa te tātaritanga hauora, te rapunga o nui abnormalities täu i hinengaro ki te mātauranga o muri, me te whakangungu i roto i te kōhungahunga motuhake.

Tūmahi Oligophrenopedagogics kōhungahunga

Ko te kaupapa matua o te mahi toko i te ora kōhungahunga ko te ako o te tawhā ariā o te whakangungu me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki hinengaro pūkeke ana. Ko roto i tenei tau ko te hanganga tino tere o te āhuatanga, me 'ulungaanga e tahuri te tangata koiora. I tēnei wā o te whanaketanga, i hanga te turanga e hiahiatia ana e te mo te hanganga muri o ngā pūkenga motuhake, me te mapulei rerekē ngā mahi.

I tua atu ki te mau huru, me ngā āhuatanga o te konä o tamariki, e tautuhi te āhua o te whanonga, ko te hanganga o te huru ki te ao, me te āhua. Ki te i roto i tenei wā e kore e taea e fakatonutonu tino koe te whanaketanga hinengaro o te tamaiti, ka pā tōraro reira tona whanaketanga muri.

mutunga

Herehere tata ngā te aro o kaimātai hinengaro me ngä, rite tamariki hauā kino i roto i te whanaketanga hinengaro riro, kāore, ake me te ake nga tau. I roto i te āhua o tōmua maha i te kaimātai hinengaro, he kaiwhakaako, he kaihaumanu kupu. Ratou mahi ko ki te tautuhi i te tīmatanga o te raruraru ki te kupu, mahara, kukū, me te pera i runga i. D. Ko te ngaio o enei kaimahi, tei runga i ranei kahore ranei wā kitea ine i roto i te whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga. Ko te raruraru matua, ko te e he maha ngā āhuatanga kino e pā ana ki te retardation hinengaro, e tautohetia ana.

GEF whakatupuranga tuarua, whakaurua i roto i kōhungahunga whare mātauranga, e hāngai ana tātaritanga wawe o nga ngā kaha auaha o ngā tamariki. Ki te huru nui o ngä ki paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou, whakaaro mō pūtahi tūmatanui kōhungahunga, he reira taea ki hohoro te tautuhi i te rōpū o ngā tamariki ki te retardation hinengaro, whakarato ratou ki taea āwhina katoa, ki te kawea mai ki te mahi ki taua ngaio kōhungahunga: rata, kaimātai hinengaro, kaihaumanu kupu.