Tower Bridge - London kuwaha me te whakapaipai matua o te pa

Ahakoa te hunga e kore kua nei i roto i Ingarangi, ako Tower Bridge tonu. Ia - he ahua o te huru Ingarangi. Ia tau, tata ki te piriti me te whakaahuatia e mano o ngā tūruhi mataara rite manu i raro i te marae. A i te po, E rata ana ia te aro o rau o rama mura, e kua kitea i roto i te wai.

Hea ko Tower Bridge

Ko te whenua o tenei hanganga nehenehe - te United rangatiratanga o Ingarani me Northern Ireland. pania e ia te rangatiratanga ano te whakapaipai - London. Kei tēnei Matihiko te tika i roto i te pokapū o te tāone ki runga i te awa o Thames.

I roto i te whānui, i te piriti - te reira London wae: Tower Bridge, Waterloo, London, Mileniuma, Railway Bridge Cannon Street me Westminster (i muri ki a Big Ben). Tonu, te nui tino he te tohu o te pa, - te reira pourewa. Ia - te kāri pakihi taua i roto i Rānana rite te Eiffel Tower i Paris ranei te Statue o Liberty i roto i Ny City. Ko te whakapakoko o tenei piriti kei te pera tata e pā ana ki te whakapaipai o te UK, te mea te reira noa matarohia. Otiia, tona hanahana, me te ano, a ano pakeke o puka hurori te whakaaro o tūruhi.

Hea i te ingoa

History o te pourewa Bridge tu'ati ki te tū i muri ki reira te pourewa o London - te wahi i reira puritia herehere. I mua, tae noa ki 1872, i roto i te pokapū pa ko tika tetahi o London Bridge, whakawhiti he mo te awa Thames. faaoti London mana e kore he reira nui hoki te whakamahi tāone. Na reira, i roto i te tau mea, tangohia Pāremata he whakatau ki te hanga i te whare hou. Ratau, ko te rangatira mano o te pourewa o London ki te hanga, engari tohe te Paremete. I whakaritea e te reira e me te whakaranu i tōtika te piriti i muri i runga i te hoahoanga me te whare herehere. Ko te wahi i te kopaninga o te pourewa Bridge.

Ko tōna ingoa, i riro hoki ia i te pourewa o London. Ko te mutunga raki o te piriti i kei tika tata te kokonga o te whare herehere. Ko te ara, i te mea he haere tonu o te piriti rere whakarara ki te taiepa o te pourewa. Na te tuatahi, e haere puta noa i tenei piriti, i kore te aristocrats London me herehere.

Ko te kaihanga o te piriti

I roto i te hotoke 1876 ua faaite te mana i roto i te Rānana te whakataetae mo te kaupapa pai o te piriti mo te pa. Hoki te kaupapa faaite i te whakaritenga e whai ake nei:

• i ki kia tiketike haere ki raro i taea e te kaipuke i te reira i te piriti;
• i te hanga ki te kia kaha, me te whānui ki te whakarite kaupapa tamau o kaata me te iwi.

Kua rima tekau kaupapa ngā whakaarohia. Te nuinga o ratou whakahere piriti whanganga tiketike. Otiia kua nga kaupapa katoa e rua tōnounoú noa: i waenganui i te mata wai, me te piriti i tai nui i tawhiti iti rawa ki te kaipuke taea pahemo, ko te ara ki reira - te pari rawa mo nga hoiho e wahia te pereoo. Architects tuku kōwhiringa ki ara whakaara waipēhi mō te iwi me te kaata ki retireti papanga ruma, me te porohita wahi.

Otiia i mohio te kiko tino o te kōwhiringa rite te rangatira kaupapa kaihoahoa o London - Tā Horace Jones. whakaminenga whakaaro tuhi ia ki runga-a-taka-iho piriti.

Ko te kaupapa rerekē

Na roto i taua wa, ka hanga e ratou te Tower Bridge, i te roa kua drawbridges te semeio. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ratou i roto i St. Petersburg, i roto i te Hōrana me ētahi atu whenua. Otiia ko te āhuatanga o te pourewa Bridge tona pūnaha hangarau matatini. Wahi i roto i te ao nei kia rite ki te tauine nui e kore kua i tono Hydraulics. I roto i te St Petersburg i te wa mo te piriti whakamahia te mahi o kaimahi, i whakakapi i muri i te mahi o te kapohau wai. I te tono o te municipality o te piriti i hangaia ai i roto i te kāhua Gothic. Raro reira ngāwari taea haere noa nga oko moana nui.

He āhuatanga o te pourewa Bridge i he counterweight e taea te hoahoa me te whakaarahia motu. I roto i te hanga o tenei whare i whakaritea ngā o aua marae ki hanganga maitai.

Heoi, ahakoa nga painga kitea o whakaaro, te mana ki te whakaroa i te whakatau i runga i tona whakaaetanga. Na ka ngā Jones te mataaro pūkaha rongonui John Vulfa Barri, a tahi ake ratou i te reira. Na, ko te huahua hou, Tower Bridge i ki te whai i te ara hīkoi runga. Na ka whakaaetia te kaupapa.

Ko te timatanga o te hanganga me te huringa tuatahi

I roto i te tikanga ki te kawe i te kaupapa ki te mooni, kua tohaina te kāwanatanga he moni nui i te wa - £ 585.000. Kua ohorere ngā tahuri ki te iwi nui rawa.

tīmataria Tīmata o te hanganga i roto i 1886. A i tuatahi mea katoa i haere kia rite ki te mahere. Otiia i roto i te puna o 1887, ara i mua timata ratou ki te takoto i te turanga o te piriti, mate ia ohorere matenga o te kaupapa - Jones. Ko te kaha patu ki tona kaipūkaha hoa, Barry, me te hanganga i runga i te wā piri noa.

Barry ka tonu haere te kaupapa a ka mau ki tana kaiāwhina kaihoahoa George. Stephenson. whangai whakamutunga he weriweri nui mo te toi Gothic o te wā Victorian, e tino pāngia te kaupapa. Ki te haerenga mai o Stephenson Tower Bridge kua oti te maha o ngā rerekētanga stylistic. puka Steel te piriti i runga i whakaatu, rite ko reira i roto i te wairua o te wā. Na i reira nga ano e rua pourewa rongonui hono e irava mō pedestrians i te teitei o 42 mita i runga ake i te awa.

Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te piriti, a pehea te mahi i te reira

I tīmata London Tower Bridge i 1886, ka oti i muri i te 8 tau. Tona kitea ko te hui nui, i tangohia e wahi i roto i Pipiri 1894. tae te hui i ia Prince o Wales me tana wahine Alexandra.

I arotahi rawa mahi piriti i runga i engines steam e huri papua nui. Ēnei whakaurunga whakaputa pēhanga teitei i roto i te pūnaha accumulator. E, i roto i te tahuri, ka pupü mai motors, tītaka crankshafts. tuku taipana te i te nihowhiti take, i hanga neke rāngai whai niho. He rāngai he kawenga mo te tupuranga o nga parirau piriti. wahi whakaarahia o te piriti i rawa nui, a hoatu te ongo i runga i te nihowhiti ko te pikaunga nui. Heoi, he kore pera reira: te parirau o te piriti eke i counterweights taimaha, e te hunga o motors āwhina waipēhi nui.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tareka te parirau, e hiahiatia ana he nui nui o te pūngao te. Na ka ka whakaratohia mea katoa. Structures tikanga ngā ono pūhiko nui i roto i nei i raro i te pēhanga kaha ko wai. haere mai ia ki nga engines kawenga mo te mahi o ngā wāhanga turanga o te piriti. I raro i te mana o te wai e haere mai ngā pūhanga i nekehanga, me te uehā diameter nui ki e rua waewae timata ki te takahuri, toronga o te tukutuku. Ko te tukanga katoa o hua te piriti ka mau tetahi anake meneti!

piriti i tenei ra

Tower Bridge rere katoa i tenei ra i runga i te hiko. Heoi, ka rite ki te aroaro o, ina haamata ia ki te neke, e paari mea katoa, me te tākare titiro ki te ngaru o ki te rangi parirau o te piriti. Na, unu whakarongo te ki te awa a tawhio noa. A, ahakoa te mea he poti pai tug ranei, te mātakitaki katoa me ona hua rite haere te reira i raro i te piriti.

Ko te ngā tino tu ake i roto i tetahi o nga pourewa, te wahi i reira ko te whare taonga whakatapua ki te pourewa Bridge. I reira ka taea e koe te ako i te rota e pā ana ki tona hītori, kite pikitia o hanga, ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā mahere. Well, ka taea e koe te piki ki te rahoraho kitea ki te kite iriti i te Panorama rerekē, whakaongaonga, me te mīharo o te pa i reira.

Na, ki te kitea e koe koe i roto i London, kia mohio ki te haere ki te pourewa Bridge.

meka ngā

Old London Bridge, hokona i roto i te 1968 Robert Makkaloh - he kaipakihi i te United States. I te wāwāhitanga i te hanga, me te kawea ki te United States. E ai ki te kōrero, ua te kaipakihi e te London Bridge tawhito - ko te Tower Bridge, he tohu o te ngaro Albion tenei. Heoi, kua whakakahoretia e nuitia te McCulloch e ko pono tenei.

Tower Bridge - ko te mahi o te toi, i i mahi kaihoahoa pūmanawa tenei. Na ko te tūruhi nui i roto i kore anake London, engari puta noa te UK rite te katoa tenei.